Correlation between volume weight, porosity and moisture content in Central Kalimantan’s Peatlands

Peat is determined by soil characteristics consisting of maturity, color, low PD, low BD, texture, and organic content, which are different from mineral soil types, which can store more water with relatively high porosity, can decrease if drought due to lack of peat wetting with fiber spaces blackish brown with a fine structure. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and chemical properties of peat as a water storage container and to determine the correlation between volume weight, porosity, and water content. The method used is a descriptive method, Sieve analysis, using ring samples and eagle auger camp. Laboratory results show that the BD value is small, the PD value is small, the water content value is high, the peat has maturity levels of Sapric and Hemic, and the texture consists of coarse sand, medium sand, and fine sand > of dust, no silt or clay, has a relative ash content low, high organic matter. The correlation is that when the BD and PD values are low, high water content means high porosity, large water storage, drought easily during the dry season, so fires easily occur.


Introduction
The water content contained in peat can reach 300-400% so that the ability to hold water in peatlands is twice the ability of mineral soil, which has fiber that is a small part between peat pores dividing the pore space into macropores and micropores [1].In [2], [3] explained that the determination of peat composition is influenced by several organic substances, ash, bulk density, wood content, and others.The tendency is more towards agriculture that divides peat based on soil fertility levels, such as: eutropic (fertile), mesotropic (medium), oligotropic (poor).
J. Gunawan, et.al [4] stated that it is called peat soil if it meets the requirements: consists of organic matter, saturated with water for ≥ 1 month each year, composed of fibric material (HF) where the BD is < 0.1 g.cm -3 with a minimum depth of 60 cm fiber content after kneading > 75% part of the volume is called raw peat, sapric material (HS) where the fiber content after kneading < 1/6 part of the volume is called mature peat, and hemic material (HI) that is between the decomposition rate of fibric and sapric is called half-boiled peat.From several levels, both Fibrik, hemik, and saprik are Histosol (O) soils that are constantly flooded with water and moisture regimes according to the FAO classification system.The general properties of Histosols in Horizon H are thickness: > 40 cm, or > 60 cm if spagnum moss or BD < 0.1 g.cm -3 and < 40 cm if on a rock bed.
Peat is easily disturbed and damaged.Peat conditions are disturbed due to changes in land use and urban development, with infrastructure development, agriculture, and plantations reducing infiltration,

Study Location
The research location is at College 2 (segment 1) UMPR, Orchid Road, Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan Province, with 6 (six) soil sample points consisting of 2 (two) shallow and 4 (four) medium (Table 1).The research location is on the border of the Sebangau area and close to the Sebangau River area.The research locations can be seen in Figure 1.Map of research locations and Figure 2. Research distribution.

Materials and Methods
Tools and materials used: eagle auger camp tool, tape measure, aluminum foil plastic, 20 cm sample ring, Ø 3/4″" pipe cut into 50 cm pieces and split in half, camera, paper, marker, white duct tape, paper, and pen.
The Eagle Auger camp material specifications (Figure 3) are as follows: 3 mm Stainless Steel, 2.3 mm Stainless Steel Pipe material, auger sample length: ± 80 cm, Extension Rod Ø 3/4″" x 100 cm (Optional), extension Rod Ø 3/4″" x 50 cm, auger diameter: ± 10 cm, connection thread system, equipped with a field bag or aluminum box (optional), include maintenance kit, include Ø20 mm breadth bend spatula (Optional), Certificate Mining Coal Exploration ISO 9001: 2008.The method used is a descriptive method and Sieve analysis.Sieve analysis is a procedure used to measure the particle size distribution in peatlands, measuring the percentage of medium sand passing the 0.2 -0.6 mm sieve, fine sand (0.05 -0.2 mm) passing the No. 2 sieve.40 (0.425%), passed filter No. 200 (0.007 mm), silt and clay.This is done to determine the physical properties of the soil so that water can be absorbed into the peat soil structure.Sampling from undisturbed peat soil was taken using two methods, namely (1) using a ring sample with a depth of 20 cm and (2) taking a peat drill sample (auger agle camp) with a depth of 50 cm, in half with two samples taken each time, inserted into a PVC pipe  3.b) and covered with a PVC hubcap, wrapped with aluminum foil and duct tape.In research, you must know the depth of the peat to determine shallow and medium peat.
In research, there is a sequence of data collection and testing, testing (1) namely getting the parameters BD, PD, and water content.The water content value was used to test with two sample methods to obtain variations and comparisons of water content values, namely using a sample ring (gravimetry) with a depth of 20 cm per sample and an auger with a depth of 50 cm per sample.Ring samples with a depth of 20 cm were tested to obtain BD, PD parameters.These samples were tested in the testing laboratory of the Banjarbaru Swamp Agricultural Research Institute.Test (2) is the determination of the characteristics of the permeability value (K) taken using a camp auger tool and tested at the Banjarmasin Polytechnic.Testing (3), namely determining the soil and physical property index of peat soil using an auger camp tool, was carried out at the Soil Mechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru.

Peat Depth
Physically, when taking samples using the Eagle auger camp tool at the location of College 2, University of Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya, there are several peat depths.From the 23 initial samples of the study, the depth varied + 30 -150 cm below the soil surface.Only 3 (three) samples could be used because they met the requirements of research > 50 cm [3] at points 1, 2, and 3 with random sampling.Additional samples were taken in November 2022 with a medium > 100 cm.
Samples 1 (one) and 3 (three) have a shallow depth of 100 cm, while the depth of sample 2 (127 cm); Sample depths 4, 5, and 6 (150 cm) have peat depths of > 100 cm as shown in Table 1  In determining the characteristics of peat, the Bulk Density (BD) value, Particle Density (PD), Peat Depth, and Water Content value.

Result and Discussion
From the initial research conducted in January 2022 as many as 3 points that met the requirements, further research was carried out by adding 3 points where the sample distance to the drainage was around 20-40 m.The existence of drainage is one of the subsidence of land surface, which often experiences land subsidence and peat degradation.The volume of peat will shrink if the peatland is drained, resulting in a subsidence of the soil [6].
Peat soils have larger storage than other mineral soils but are easily disturbed and degraded.The disturbed condition of peat due to changes in land use and urban development with the development of infrastructure, agriculture, and plantations reduces infiltration, resulting in excess water, which causes flooding.Changes in hydrology and a decrease in groundwater in peat soils are believed to affect the condition of soil water content due to its derivatives on volumetric deformation [5].It is easy to burn during the dry season, which causes damage to the peat, thereby reducing water absorption and storage.Peat has a lot of water absorption, with each characteristic seen from the three stages of decomposition of the maturity level of organic matter, namely fibric, hemic, and sapric.The more mature the peat, the smaller and more stable the fiber content, the more water absorption process.Detailed information on the characteristics of peat according to the physical composition of peat soil is not widely available.There is a lot of chemical research on peat, physically conveying the dust content, organic content, PD, BD values , and there are clay and silt contents even though the content is less than the organic content.

Existing Survey
Natural changes that occur during a prolonged dry season cause the soil to become dry and experience subsidence in the peat.Another problem is the opening of large drainage or canals, which causes a significant decrease in water and evaporation, adds to the dryness of the peat land, and is prone to fire.The impact of forest and land fires is also air pollution, a decrease in health levels, and damage to carbon release, where damage to peat soil can change the peat structure so that it is difficult to return and decrease, which has an impact during the rainy season cannot store water optimally and when in the dry season, land fires easily occur, as well as other impacts on various sectors [7].Peatland fires in 1997/1998 contributed 13-40% of global carbon emissions during El Nino in Indonesia [8].The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) prediction in mmc.kalteng.go.id accessed on 27 May 2023 states that Central Kalimantan will experience extreme El Nino weather in May -September 2023, impacting the state of agricultural crops (food crops and horticultural), lack of water and easy fire.Fires easily occur during drought conditions, peat soils with a depth of 4-8 m will have a hotter hotspot, while shallow peat has no hotspots [9].
In this study, soil samples were taken to determine the characteristics of peat soil, namely the Bulk Density (BD) value, determination of peat maturity or decomposition, Water Content (gravimetry), Pyrite (HClO4 Destruction), Specific Gravity/Particle Density (PD), Peat Porosity and permeability.In the grass research location, some of the locations at point 4 have been disturbed and burned, which only grows grass, as seen in Figure .4, at points 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6, there are several trees and grass that are still naturally undisturbed.

Peat Depth
The study area is a peat area with several variations in depth, ranging from shallow (50-100 cm) to medium (100-200 cm).The thicker the peat, the more the organic content of the decomposed (immature) peat, the higher the pore cavities and the ability to hold water.Novrianti, et.al.[3] shows the three samples, namely samples 1, 2, and 3, at each depth have a blackish brown color and explain what peat includes.From Figure 5 (c); (d), and Figure 6 (a); (b) in sample 5, it can be seen that the sample is blackish brown.This indicates that the level of weathering of the peat soil at point 5 is advanced (mature).The study area is a peat area with several variations in depth, ranging from shallow (50-100 cm) to medium (100-200 cm).The thicker the peat, the more the organic content of the decomposed (immature) peat, the higher the pore cavities and the ability to hold water.Of the six samples that were carried out in the study, the samples tested for water content, BD, PD Peat porosity with each peat depth for each sample, can be seen in Figure.

Volume Weight or Bulk Density (BD)
The weight of the contents (bulk density) is often referred to as the weight of the volume.
The physical property of the soil shows the weight of the solid mass in a certain volume.Bulk density or BD is generally expressed in units of gr.cm -3 or kg dm -3 or tm -3 .BD is the most frequently analyzed soil physical property because it can be used as an initial description of other soil physical properties such as porosity, bearing capacity, and potential for water storage.Soils with relatively low BD values generally have high porosity, so the potential for absorbing and channeling water is high.However, if the BD value is too low, the soil has a low bearing capacity.Very low BD of peat soils of <0.1 gr.cm -3 is found in fibric (raw) peat located in the lower layer.Meanwhile, coastal peat and peat located in the path of river flow have a relatively higher BD, namely > 0.2 gr.cm -3 [10] due to the influence of mineral matter, but still far from the BD of mineral soils, which ranges from 0.7 -1.4 gr.cm -3 [11] According to Hakanson and Lipiec, 2000 the bulk density values of mineral soils range from 1 -0.7 gr.cm -3 , while organic soils generally have a BD between 0.1 -0.9 gr.cm -3 .The results of the three ring samples (Table 2) with surface samples with a depth of 0-20 cm, the BD value was 0.236-0.276,which was a relatively high BD value because the BD of peat soils at the study site was > 0.2 gr.cm -3 , peat is located in the inundation conservation area of the Sebangau area.This shows the magnitude of the influence of the level of peat maturity on the size of the BD of peat.The more mature the peat, the average BD of peat becomes higher.The Sebangau area is a flooded area and a conservation area with a high peat maturity level and a high BD value has low porosity so the potential for water absorption and distribution is low.For this reason, further research is needed regarding the porosity value of peat in the study area to determine the potential for absorption and distribution of water in the study area.Table 2 shows the value of the BD organic layer in a moist state > 0.1 gr.cm -3 with a thickness of > 40 cm.The maturity level of Sapric is only based on the surface peat value.20 -100 cm with a sample ring.The sample results were tested in the laboratory of the Agricultural Research and Development Agency at Balitra Banjarbaru in December 2022.The following are the laboratory results: To determine the maturity level of the peat soil inside, data is collected at a depth of 20 -100 cm using a sample ring.The sample results were tested in the laboratory of the Agricultural Research and Development Agency at Balitra Banjarbaru in December 2022.The following are the laboratory results: The BD value varies between 0.14 -0.29 gr.cm -3 at each depth and can be seen in Figure 7 that: 1.The BD value with a T1 depth (0-20 cm) of 0.18 gr.cm -3 is higher than a T1 depth (20 -40 cm) of 0.15 gr.cm -3 , a T1 depth (40-60 cm) is lower0.14gr.cm -3 , depth of T1 (60 -80 cm) increased by 0.17 gr.cm -3 , and decreased again at depth of T1 (80 -100 cm) of 0.16 gr.cm -3 .The average BD value at T1 is 0.14 -0.18 gr.cm-3 expressed as a hemic decomposition [12].2. The BD value with a T2 depth (0 -20 cm) of 0.29 gr.cm-3 is higher than a T2 depth (20 -40 cm) of 0.20 gr.cm-3, a T2 depth (40 -60 cm) is lower 0.17 gr.cm-3, depth of T2 (60 -80 cm) increased by 0.18 gr.cm-3, and increased again at depth of T2 (80 -100 cm) of 0.22 gr.cm-3 .The BD value at T2 at a depth of 40-80 cm is 0.1-0.2gr.cm-3 expressed as a hemic decomposition, the BD value at T1 at a depth of 00-40 cm and at a depth of 80-100 cm is > 0.2 gr.cm -3 is expressed as the Saprik decomposition [12].3. The BD value with a T3 depth (0 -20 cm) is 0.25 gr.cm -3 lower than a T3 depth (20 -40 cm) of 0.27 gr.cm -3 , a depth (40 -60 cm) is lower 0.21 gr.cm -3 , the depth (60 -80 cm) is lower by 0.19 gr.cm -3 , and there is an increase in depth (80 -100 cm) by 0.22 gr.cm -3 .BD values at T3 depths of 00-60 cm and 80 -100 cm are > 0.2 gr.cm -3 expressed as Saprik decomposition, BD values at T3 depths of 40-60 cm are valued at 00 -0.2 gr.cm -3 expressed as a hemic decomposition [12].4. The BD value with a depth of T4 (0 -20 cm) is 0.24 gr.cm -3 higher than a depth of T3 (20 -40 cm) of 0.21 gr.cm -3 , the increase occurs at depth (40-60 cm) and depth (60 -80 cm) of 0.25 gr.cm -3 , and a decrease in value at depth (80-100 cm) of 0.24 gr.cm -3 .The average BD value at T4 is 0.21 -0.25 gr.cm -3 expressed as Saprik decomposition [12]. 5.The BD value with a T5 depth (0 -20 cm) of 0.17 gr.cm -3 is lower than a T5 depth (20 -40 cm) of 0.21 gr.cm -3 , a T5 depth (40-60 cm) is higher 0.18 gr.cm -3 , depth of T5 (60 -80 cm) is lower by 0.19 gr.cm -3 , and there is an increase in depth of T5 (80 -100 cm) of 0.14 gr.cm -3 .BD values at T5 depths of 00-20 cm and 40-100 cm have values of 0.14 -0.19 gr.cm -3 expressed as hemic decomposition.BD values at T5 depths of 00-40 cm and depths of 20-40 cm have values > 0.2 gr.cm -3 expressed as Saprik decomposition [12].6.The BD value with a T6 depth (0 -20 cm) of 0.28 gr.cm -3 is lower than a T6 depth (20 -40 cm) of 0.22 gr.cm -3 , a T6 depth (40 -60 cm) is lower 0.24 gr.cm -3 , the depth of T6 (60 -80 cm) is lower by 0.22 gr.cm -3 , and there is an increase in the depth of T6 (80 -100 cm) of 0.20 gr.cm -3 .The average BD value at T6 is 0.24 -0.28 gr.cm -3 expressed as Saprik decomposition [12].7. BD values in the study area ranged from 0.14-0.29 gr.cm -3 .According to [13] in [12] that, low BD has a low load carrying capacity or low bearing capacity, which easily collapses.And experiencing subsidence because around the study, there is drainage in the form of plots where soil oxidation and leaching occur.
The BD values in Table 2 Bulk Density show the respective differences for T1, T5, and T6, which may appear small, but the differences are quite large in the movements of T2, T3, and T4, which may greatly affect small changes in soil density and porosity, with also see the rain conditions at the time of sampling.Among all values decreased at point T1 at depths of 40 -60 cm and 80-100 cm, T2 at depths of 20 -40 cm, T3 at depths of 40 -60 cm and 60 -80 cm, T4 at depths of 20 -40 cm and 80 -100 cm, T5 at depths of 40 -60 cm and 80 -100 cm and T6 at 20 -40 cm depth; 60 -80 cm and 80 -100 cm.

Particle Density (PD)
The specific gravity of the soil, called Particle Density (PD) for peat conditions, is 1.25 -1.80 gr.cm -3 [14].From research using sample rings 0 -100 cm with ring thickness per 20 cm a number of 6 points T1 -T6, 30 sample rings were obtained.The following are the results of laboratory analysis carried out at the Agricultural Research and Development Agency at Balitra Balitra: From the PD value, table 3 above shows that the value varies between 0.60-1.54gr.cm -3 at each depth and can be seen in Figure .8 that the Particle Density (PD) value for the research conditions has entered peat where the value of peat is between 1.25-1.80gr.cm -3 .PD at the study site, there were several samples having values <1.23 gr.cm -3 at point T2 depth 40-60 cm, T3 depth 20-80 cm, T4 depth 40-60 cm and 80-100 cm, T5 depth 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm T6 depth 20-40 cm and 60-100 cm.In [15] states that the Particle Density value of mineral soils is in the range of 2.6-2.9 gr.cm -3 while that of organic soils is smaller, namely 0.5-0.8gr.cm -3 .It was concluded that the particle density content in the study area of 30 samples included organic soil, while the value was > 0.8 gr.

Moisture Content (Gravimetry)
Peatlands have a higher absorption and storage capacity than mineral soils, the more organic matter composition will change the peat to store high amounts of water [16].Gravimetric determination of water content is used to determine the elemental content of known pure compounds based on changes in weight.Analysis of the water content in uranium oxide using the gravimetric method (ASTM C-696) using a microprocessor oven [17].Gravimetry is the science of chemistry to determine the known quantity of a substance or component by means of measurement of heavy components in a pure state after going through the separation process.The gravimetric analysis involves the process of isolation and measurement of a weight elementor certain compounds.The gravimetric method takes quite a long time.There are impurities in smaller elements which, when arranged, can form new larger units (constituents) that can be tested, and if necessary, correction factors can be used (Khopkar SM 1990).To determine the water content (gravimetry), a preliminary study was carried out with 3 points and seven  The water content that occurred experienced different results in the six samples.Samples 1, 3 with a depth (0-100 cm) and sample 3 with a depth (0-50 cm) had a water content that was less than the water content in samples 4-6 with a depth (0-150 cm), this is possible because of the natural conditions at the time of sampling there was excessive rain in December 2022, this must be proven in other studies, this study has not analyzed the duration of the rain that occurred.While the six depth sample (0-50 cm) has a Tu value (%) for the FeS2 value.It is known that the tools in the laboratory cannot read because it is less than the required number.
From this it can be seen that the variation in the value of water content in peatlands between 69.65-85.74%indicates that the water content is high divided into 5 layers, where each layer has a depth of 20 cm each.

Soil Texture
This test was carried out at the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of Lambung Mangkurat University for hydrometer texture parameters % fraction.Specifically, sample 5 was re-tested for water content (W), ash content (Wa), and organic matter (O), where chemical testing was carried out at the Swamp Engineering Center.Banjarmasin.
From the Sieve analysis test (Table 6) using Sieve Analysis (ASTM D 422-72) from the three samples at point 5 at the Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya, the peat depth is 150 cm and has a sand texture.Coarse sand and medium sand are very small, between 0.02% -0.55%, fine sand of 2.78% -2.83%, 99% has a high dust content or passes a 200 filter > 98%, has an ash content between 5.69% -7.45 %, and high organic content between 29.94% -32.75% and high water content 63.84% -74.71%.Although the test results contained <3% sand, the laboratory test results did not contain silt and clay (0.002-0.005mm) and clay (<0.002mm).From the Sieve analysis test (Table 6) using Sieve Analysis (ASTM D 422-72) from the three samples at point 5 at the Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya, the peat depth is 150 cm and has a sand texture.Coarse sand and medium sand are very small, between 0.02% -0.55%, fine sand of 2.78% -2.83%, 99% has a high dust content or passes a 200 filter > 98%, has an ash content between 5.69% -7.45 %, and high organic content between 29.94% -32.75% and high water content 63.84% -74.71%.Although the test results contained <3% sand, the laboratory test results did not contain silt and clay (0.002-0.005mm) and clay (<0.002mm).

Figure 11. Nature Image Soil Physics Based on Auger Samples
From Table 6 and Figure .11 also testing soil texture using chemical methods, it can be seen that the deeper the peat, the more water content, namely at a depth of 100-125 cm by 74.71%, the ash content is higher at a depth of 50-100 cm by 9,56% and high organic matter content at a depth of 0-50 cm of 41.84%.
From these results, land can be classified according to the USDA, AASTHO, and USCS as follows: 1.According to the USDA: soil classification according to soil texture consisting of Fine Sand, Medium Sand and Coarse Sand, there is no silt and clay content in the test results, where the sand content is <3% then it is included in the sand content.2. In the AASTHO Classification System table analyzing data on particle size, liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (IP) are seen as sandy soils and pass filter No. 200 < 35%, then grouped No. A-3 is called granular soils with a type of fine sand with a Plastic Index (PI) of Non-plastic (NP).The grain size of the research results shows that the sand soil type because it passes the No. sieve.10 (diameter 2mm) by 100% and passed the No. 200 (0.074 mm diameter) an average of 99.417%.3.According to the USCS table in table 6 it shows that the classification system according to Unifield soil is a type of peat soil with high organic content according to the USCS classification system [15].The soil's ability to hold water can be affected by soil texture.Coarse-textured soils have less water holding capacity than fine-textured soils.Therefore, plants grown in sandy soils generally dry out more easily than loamy or clay textured soils.Conditions of excess water or lack of water can interfere with plants thereby affecting the storage of water in the soil through plant growth.The availability of water in the soil can be influenced by: the amount of rainfall or irrigation water, the ability of the soil to hold water, the amount of evapotranspiration (direct evaporation through the soil or through vegetation), the height of the groundwater table, the content of soil organic matter, chemical compounds or salt content and depth.soil solum or soil layers [18].From the research, results for low BD values (Table 2), low PD (Table 3), and high water content (Table 4), indicate high porosity, and water storage is also large.In dry conditions, the water easily dries out due to evaporation, while water storage becomes large to the point of saturation during the rainy season.The condition of water storage in high peat can be seen in Table 6.It is hoped that this can be maintained by maintaining undisturbed soil characteristics, which will maximize carbon storage, which of course, will maintain ecology and not reduce climate change, which will result in peatland fires.If the peat is damaged, it will be difficult to return., it takes a long time to form peat.

Peat Water Porosity
Porosity is a physical property of rock that is able to describe the amount of fluid content that has accumulated in the reservoir rock.The porosity of the reservoir rock can be determined from the ratio of the pore volume to the total rock volume.The higher the porosity value, the rock has larger cavities.The total pore space in sandy soils is getting lower, but the samples show that the pores in sandy soils are > 98%.Sandy soil is difficult to hold water, so the plants dry quickly, and during the dry season, it is easy to burn because it is difficult to store water.This is because sandy soils have more coarse pores.The percentage of volume occupied by small pores in sandy soils is low.
Factors that affect porosity are climate, humidity, and soil structure.Climate, temperature, humidity, swelling, and contracting properties greatly affect porosity.Central Kalimantan is a tropical region in Indonesia.A mixture of high peat content and sand is an advantage if the peat is maintained, especially in handling forest fires.Peat that is damaged and experiences subsidence will affect water storage, maintain water content in the peatland, and affect soil moisture.
The porosity of a soil layer is also influenced by whether there is development of a granular structure in each layer of the soil horizon, which will result in a high total porosity and can increase the number of micro and macro pores in a soil layer.Thus, in a layer of soil with a crumb or kersai structure it is very influential in determining porosity because the soil structure generally has large porosity.The relationship between water content, porosity, and volumetric weight that occurs.Soil porosity is closely related to the level of soil density (Bulk Density).The denser the soil, the more difficult it is to absorb water, and the smaller the porosity of the soil.Conversely, the easier it is for the soil to absorb water, the greater the porosity of the soil.
The soil's ability to hold water can be affected by soil texture.Coarse-textured soils have less water holding capacity than fine-textured soils.Therefore, plants grown in sandy soils generally dry out more easily than loamy or clay textured soils.Conditions of excess water or lack of water can interfere with plants, thereby affecting the storage of water in the soil through plant growth.The availability of water in the soil can be influenced by the amount of rainfall or irrigation water, the ability of the soil to hold water, the amount of evapotranspiration (direct evaporation through the soil or through vegetation), the height of the groundwater table, the content of soil organic matter, chemical compounds or salt content and depth soil solum or soil layers [18].

Conclusions
Research shows that the BD value is small, the PD value is small, the water content value is large, the maturity level of Sapric and Hemic peat, the texture consists of coarse sand, medium sand and fine sand > from dusty, does not contain silt, does not contain clay, has relatively low ash content, high organic matter between 29.94% -41.86%.The correlation is in peat soil if the BD and PD values are low, high water content means high porosity and large water storage.In dry conditions, the water easily dries up in the pores, and evaporation occurs, while the water storage becomes large to the point of saturation in the rainy season.
Peat that is damaged and experiences subsidence will affect water storage, maintain water content in peatlands, and affect peat soil moisture.So, a method is needed to maintain humidity in the peat from subsidence and maintain groundwater, especially during the dry season, which causes drought and peat soil fires.There is a need for research on soil permeability and infiltration to determine the extent of infiltration that occurs and the absorption of water flowing in peatlands.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. (a) Eagle Auger camp tool; (b) pipe cut 50 cm (a) Research location is disturbed (b) The research location is undisturbed

Figure 9 .
Figure 9. Value of Water Content per 50 cm in College 2 UMPR

Table 1 .
Depth of peat using eagle auger camp (peat drill)

Table 5 .
Value of Moisture Content (%) of peat based on depth of 0, 20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, and 100 cm (Ring Sample) Figure 10.Trend of Water Content According to Soil Depth

Table 6 .
Peat Soil Physical and Soil Property Indexes Based on Auger Samples