Nature conservation campaign on building a balanced ecosystem in Simeulue Island

Nature conservation deals with environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability will keep balancing the surrounding ecosystem. The role of campaign for nature conservation is essential to support the atmosphere toward human welfare. This study focused on explaining the nature conservation campaign in Simeulue Island. Ethnography method was applied in this study. The study was conducted at Langi Village on Simeulue Island in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The data consisted of recordings that described nature conservation in the past and now. Besides, in-depth interviews and participant observation were also conducted to collect the data. The data were analyzed using domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, and componential analysis. This study showed a change in land use from vegetation plants to new plants (ex, paddy). This situation affects the ecosystem, microclimate, and the loss of several animals in the area. It can be concluded that the nature conservation campaign is essential to maintain nature conservation as a shield for disaster in Langi village. The effort is intended to involve both the chief and local governments.


Introduction
Simeulue Island has extraordinary natural conditions, a beautiful view, and abundant marine and land products.Simeulue Island has several clusters of small islands that have beautiful beaches and clean and protected water conditions.These conditions give this island an enormous potential to become one of Indonesia's favorite marine tourism destinations [1], [2].The island's aesthetic appeal and ecological integrity are enhanced by its abundant greenery and diverse aquatic ecosystem [3], [4].Simeulue Island, located in the Aceh Province, is considered to be one of the prominent islands situated in the western region of Indonesia.The geographical location of this island is located within the Indian Ocean, approximately 150 kilometers away from the mainland of Aceh Province, which is located on the island of Sumatra.Simeulue Island has an area of 2,130 km 2 and is one of the districts resulting from the division of the parent district of West Aceh.Simeulue Island has great potential for coastal and water resources, including coral reefs, mangroves, and clean and clear waters with marine life, including fish, seaweed, lobster, crabs, and sea cucumbers [5].This island/regency has ten districts, with Sinabang as the capital.
The Simeulue Island area is very prone to earthquakes and tsunamis.In 2004, Simeulue Island, which is part of the Aceh Province and is close to the earthquake's epicenter, unlike other areas of 1311 (2024) 012015 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1311/1/012015 2 Aceh, had local wisdom that could save them from the disaster.This small island with a population of 80,279 people has a solution from local wisdom that is not only entertaining but contains ancestral advice about saving themselves from a tsunami disaster [6].Since 2009, Simeulue Island has become a definitive separate district.The development became so lively and speeding up.The Simeulue ring road connecting remote villages to the city center has been built.The buildings stand more majestic.Grocery shops, markets, and coffee shops are increasingly lively, along with the increasing number of residents and immigrants.However, development always leaves problems, especially those related to island ecosystems.Development requires a supply of raw materials, such as stone, sand, wood, etc.All filled from the island.
The condition of progress achieved has given rise to ecological problems, such as the green hills that have now turned arid and open because they have changed their function to fields [7].Birds that were once singing in the morning are now disappearing as a result of humans hunting them for sport.The birdhole of Simeulue continues to increase, and the search is still ongoing.The condition of the sea when the tsunami in 2004 this area was.The change of use of land that used to be vegetation plants such as sagoo, and tubers impacts the area's ecosystem.Areas planted with trees will feel cooler when compared to land containing rice [8].Conditions at sea and beach also experience the same thing.This ecological problem also affects the microclimate on Simeulue Island.Whereas nature conservation should be maintained.Nature's balance should be preserved to protect living beings that may use nature in moderation and according to their requirements.Meanwhile, landscape conservation is preserving the living environment or all of the earth's and sky's contents in a balanced condition or state [9], [10].
The campaign for nature conservation is essential to conduct on Simeulue Island due to the community's safety and welfare.This study aimed to explain the essential nature conservation campaign on the island of Simelue toward the Simeuluenese safety and welfare.

Materials and Methods
The study location was at Langi village in Alafan district, Simuelue Regency Aceh Province-Indonesia.The data were recordings, the result of observation, and interviews with the native speaker.The ethnography method was used to collect the data to analyze them [11], [12].The location can be shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Simeulue island and Langi village
The data was examined using domain, taxonomy, and semantic componential analysis [13].For domain analysis, the semantic relationship is determined.The semantic relationship between nature conservation and the campaign for nature conservation in Simeulue Island is cause-effect.The diagram of domain analysis can be seen as shown in Figure 2.

Result and discussion
Alafan area is the westernmost area on Simeulue Island.Alafan represents the lowest point in Simeulue and has coastal vegetation zones, mangroves, water swamps, lowland freshwater (relatively close to Lake Freshwater Sea, the largest freshwater lake in Simeulue), and forests lowland tropical rain.In other words, Alafan represents the four vegetation zones on Simeulue Island.The potential of natural resources needs to be maintained and protected.This relates to the landscape conditions of an area that must be adapted to the geographical conditions of the area so that there is no degradation [14].
The vegetation of Simeulue Island is primarily composed of tropical rainforest lowlands, with a notable concentration in the central region.This area is primarily occupied by towering trees, particularly those belonging to the Dipterocarpaceae family, such as 'keruing' (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) and 'sangal' (Hopea sangal).Additionally, the Ebenaceae family is represented by 'charcoal wood' (Diospyros simaloerensis).Beach vegetation and freshwater swamps near the coast are also dense observed along the coast of the island, where the very dominant is Pandanus labyrinthicus (Pandanaceae).A unique sight considering P. labyrinthicus on the beach on the mainland of Sumatra, this type is rarely found when compared to the presence of relatives.The picture of Pandanus labyrinthicus can be seen as shown in Figure 3: This plant grows well in Simeulue island, especially in Langi Village.In Langi Village, there are four sub-villages (dusun) and only one sub-village, namely Dusun Sejahtera is Leukon speaker.Leukon language is language with ±650 speakers and one of endangered language in Indoneisa [15].Leukonese used Pandanus labyrinthicus to make mats and basket.Besides Pandanus labyrinthicus, mangrove, sagoo, and coconut are also the vegetation plant in this area.Long time ago, Leukonese had Nature conservation Campaign for nature conservation in Simeulue Cause effect several staple foods: sagoo, taleuk (taro), taeb (processed mangrove fruit), and yam.However, when they had been told to grow rice as a staple food, they turned to clear the land and grow rice, even though the natural conditions did not support growing rice well.The inhabitants of Langi Village on Simeulue Island, known as the Leukonese, mostly relied on rice as their staple food.Additionally, their diet included sagoo, taro, yam, and taeb (a kind of mangrove fruit), which is a type of mangrove fruit.The primary agricultural crop exhibits robust growth on this island and benefits from the favorable natural conditions that facilitate cultivation [15].Mangrove plant can be seen as shown in Figure 4.The mangrove plant, as a tropical plant, is not only a vegetation plant and food source but also has important function in preventing abrasion and barriers to breakwater boundaries.In addition, Leukonese herd carabao as their main livestock.However, the government also brings in cattle from outside the area to be raised.The vegetation plants (especially for food sources) and livestock in Langi Village can be seen in Table 1.  1 shows that Langi village, particularly the Alafan region, has an adequate supply of food and supplies to meet their demands.Nature has given sufficient food and material to be processed by the people who live in one area, like in Langi village, especially in Simeulue Island.However, global change and technology affected the people's paradigm to explore nature without considering the effect on nature itself.The indigenous knowledge and experience from the ancestors are valuable and worth knowing because they had experienced before.The young generation should be told about this precious knowledge, and some of this knowledge and experience is contained in the oral tradition of the owner community.
Campaign deals with persuading people through their minds in order to follow what the speakers' say.In this case, the role of a particular person is important because it must consider the acceptance from the audience (community).Changing human behavior is difficult!However, with the correct instruments, it is possible to influence change over time.Whether there is a concept for an education and outreach campaign to convince people to safeguard an endangered species, save energy, minimize waste, or save water, one thing is constant: the campaign must remain alert.The language is used to persuade people to be attentive to their content because the goal is to persuade the audience to follow the speaker's intention.In addition, the use of the local language is more achievable [16].It is only through communication that nature conservation issues gain social relevance and acceptance.Accordingly, communication processes are crucial in nature conservation [17].
To change people's behavior, it is important to motivate them first.Further, it is preparing for the appropriate way to campaign in the appropriate form.After that, determine who will be the target for the campaign will do.In Simeulue Island, the campaign should be conducted from the region, education, social, and religious to preserve and revitalize nature conservation.An education and outreach campaign refers to a structured initiative aimed at imparting knowledge and raising awareness among the general public regarding a specific subject matter, aiming to motivate individuals to modify their actions or behaviors.Campaigns can manifest in various forms.Media platforms can vary in scope, encompassing either a single medium, such as online platforms exclusively, or multiple mediums, such as online, print, mail, and in-person channels.These platforms can cater to diverse target audiences, ranging from school-aged children to older people [18].Furthermore, they have the capacity to promote either a single behavior or multiple behaviors and can cover a wide range of topics that are of interest or concern.The collaboration between teachers and litterateurs will complete the understanding of the message delivered to the students at school [19].

Conclusions
From the result above, it can be concluded that the campaign for revitalizing and preserving nature conservation in Simeulue Island is important to be done.Several parties, such as the head of villages, ulama (cleric), teachers, and, of course, the government, will determine the success of the nature conservation campaign for changing the Simeuluenese mindset paradigm in protecting nature.It must be realized that the nature in which they live has provided sufficient necessities of life while protecting them from natural disasters.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Domain analysis with semantic relationship cause effect

Table 1 .
The vegetation plant, livestock, and seafood at Langi village