Utilization of Digital Applications to Support Smart Village in Cemani Village, Grogol District, Sukoharjo Regency

Cemani Village is one of smart village pilot project in Sukoharjo Regency and included as 1000 Villages Location for Smart Village in Indonesia. Cemani Village government developed four digital applications to support smart village: Pasar Desa, Diapelinduk, digital signature, and digital studio. This study aims to identify the features, services, and utilization of digital application, and analyze the suitability between digital application features and services with user needs. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Primary data collecting with indepth interview and secondary data collecting with applications display and database documentation. The result shows that Diapelinduk integrated with digital signature, Pasar Desa, and digital studio are digital applications that developed to support Cemani Smart Village. Diapelinduk integrated with digital signature is used for making RT cover letter and studio digital is used for podcast production. Utilization of Pasar Desa as local e-commerce is unknown yet, but it is hoped will be a solution for community economy problems and increase village income. Diapelinduk integrated with digital signature and digital studio is considered suitable with the needs of Cemani Village community, while Pasar Desa cannot yet known for its suitability since it is currently actively used. Cemani Village has fulfilled five of six pillars of smart village, with smart governance gaining dominant achievement. Digital application utilization is an instrument to support the development of Cemani Smart Village.


Introduction
Currently, the world is experiencing multidimensional changes that are so fast along with innovation and technological developments in all fields and sectors.The era of disruption emerged along with the use of technology which created a new order, replacing the old order which was no longer in line with current developments [1].Utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the government sector, such as public services and administrative affairs, is able to remove barriers in space and time because it makes it possible to place service offices in locations that are closer to the community, even services can be accessed by the community from their respective homes using a mobile phone or personal computer connected to the internet [2].This will encourage the improvement of the 1310 (2024) 012011 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1310/1/012011 2 quality of public services in order to implement good governance [3].In the spatial aspect, the use of technology has a major impact on globalization through eliminating boundaries in the form of time, distance and information gaps [4].
Smart city concept emerged along with the advanced development of information technology to all circles, regions and sectors [5].Smart city is a new urban environment design to support ICT-based urban activities in the form of physical infrastructure to increase liveability, employability, and sustainability through integration between government, between government and society, and between government and private sector [6].From a policy standpoint, the development of smart cities in Indonesia has been stipulated in National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) for 2015-2019.The realization of that regulation can be seen from the government's efforts through the "Movement Towards 100 Smart Cities" program.This program was initiated by the central government, one of which was the Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information, together with several universities and the private sector in Indonesia [7].Reporting from [8], the movement aims to guide selected regencies or cities from the assessment process in preparing smart city master plans.
Pandemic of Covid-19 has caused an inevitable surge in the use of digital technology due to the policy of limiting physical and social activities as well as national quarantine [9].In rural areas with a tendency for longer distances and travel times, the pandemic has actually accelerated the use and spread of ICT devices [10].However, one of the problems faced by developing countries is the digital gap between people in urban and rural areas due to unequal availability of infrastructure and differences in the level of needs of rural communities for ICT facilities and equipment [11].Initiating smart village development is one step that can be taken to reduce disparities between villages and cities [12].
The development of the smart city concept in the context of a smaller area, namely the village, goes hand in hand with information technology-based regional development, which is called a smart village [13].Smart village development is needed as a step to strengthen smart city and smart regency implementation [14].The smart village concept which requires active community participation [15,13,11] can overcome the preferences of the government and village communities who tend to handle problems conventionally, with low initiative, and just waiting for assistance from the central and regional governments [16].
Sukoharjo Regency was selected to take part in the second phase of the "Movement Towards 100 Smart Cities" program in 2018 [17].To support the smart city implementation, Sukoharjo Regency Government has pioneered the implementation of smart villages that focus on digital-based public services in 167 villages.One of these villages is Cemani Village that located in Grogol District.Cemani Village is also included as smart village locus based on the Decree of the Head of the Development and Information Agency for Villages, Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration Number 55 of 2022 concerning Designation of 1000 Villages for Smart Village Locations.In 2022, the Cemani Village Government launch a digital-based application that functions to improve public services and strengthen the community's economy in order to realize the smart village concept, namely the Pasar Desa application (Pasdes), digital application for resident interconnection services (Diapelinduk), digital signature, and digital studios.This study aims to identify the features and services of digital applications that support smart villages in Cemani Village, identify the use of digital applications that support smart villages in Cemani Village, and analyze the suitability between features and services of digital applications that support smart villages in Cemani Village with the needs of application users.

Method
The research is located in Cemani Village, Grogol District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Province.This study uses qualitative descriptive method.Primary data is collected from indepth interviews with the Cemani Village Government, "Cemani Sejahtera" BUMDes management, application developers, and application users.Secondary data is collected through display documentation and digital application databases.The selection of informants from the side of the Cemani Village Government, "Cemani Sejahtera" BUMDes management, and application developers used the snowball sampling technique.This technique is also a source triangulation method to increase the credibility of primary data.The 3 selection of informants from the application user side uses a quota sampling technique.This technique is used because the size of the population has not been or cannot be determined in advance [18].

Features and Services of Digital Applications in Supporting Cemani Smart Village
The Diapelinduk application has been developed by the Cemani Village Government since 2022.The Diapelinduk application is based on a web page that can be accessed via a browser on computers and smartphones connected to the internet network.The Diapelinduk application can be accessed via the link diapelinduk.cemani.id.The Diapelinduk application is used by the Head of the RT in Cemani Village to serve residents who need digital RT cover letters to fulfill the necessary administrative needs.The initial display of the Diapelinduk application is shown in Figure 1.The Cemani Village apparatus provides a different username and password for each RT head as an application user to access the Diapelinduk application.The main features in the Diapelinduk application are the "Search by NIK" menu, automatic letter numbers, and digital signatures.The "Search by NIK" feature functions to find information on residents of Cemani Village based on the written National Identity Number (NIK).Automatically, information regarding the Family Card (KK) number, name, address, and gender of the resident concerned will appear.When the RT cover letter creation page in the Diapelinduk application is opened for the first time, the letter numbers will automatically be arranged based on the order of outgoing letters, the location where the letter was written, and the time when the letter was written.
The digital signature feature is integrated in the Diapelinduk application in the form of a QR Code.The QR Code serves as a verification tool from the RT head in giving approval for the RT cover letter that has been made.If the QR Code is scanned using the "Scan QR Code" feature on the smartphone, the name of the RT head will appear which verifies the RT cover letter.After the submit button is pressed, the RT cover letter will be received by the administrator's computer at the Cemani Village Office.The residents concerned can go directly to the Cemani Village Office to ask for the village head's signature on the necessary administrative documents.
The Diapelinduk application was used directly by 120 heads of RT in Cemani Village.Once the submit button is pressed, the RT cover letter will be received by the administrator computer at the Cemani Village Office.With the Diapelinduk application, residents who need an RT cover letter can simply contact the RT Head via short message, WhatsApp, or telephone, so that the service process becomes more flexible without time and location barriers between residents and the RT Head.Then, residents who have the need to request the signature of the village head can visit the Cemani Village Office according to the service schedule, namely Monday-Thursday at 08.00-15.00GMT+7 and Friday at 08.00-14.00GMT+7.The display of the Diapelinduk application is shown in Figure 2. The Pasar Desa application was developed by the BUMDes "Cemani Sejahtera".The Pasar Desa application is an e-commerce that functions as a medium for trading products and services on a local scale in Cemani Village.The Pasar Desa application is based on a web page that can be accessed via a browser on computers and smartphones connected to the internet network.The Pasar Desa application can be accessed via the pasdescemani.comlink by buyers or consumers.The application was developed by Bamaha Digital as the application developer, as a form of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from PT. Solid Sinergi Utama Ummah for Cemani Village.For now, due to several constraints, the Pasar Desa application is available in beta version so that the application is not actively used in general and cannot be accessed at any time.The initial display of the Pasar Desa application is shown in Figure 3.The main features in the Pasar Desa application are a needs calculator, balance top-up, chat, and instant shopping.The needs calculator feature functions to assist users in calculating the number of needs of 1 family for 30 days.Needs that can be calculated are food and household needs, with the counting unit used is the number of family members.After the application details the types and quantities of family needs for 30 days, users can continue shopping for these needs in the Pasar Desa application.The balance top-up feature functions to top up the Pasar Desa application wallet balance.The process of refilling the balance is carried out by manually transferring an amount of money equal to the desired nominal balance from the user's account to the BUMDes BNI Bank account "Cemani Sejahtera" within 1x24 hours.The chat feature functions as a means of communication between the user and the Pasar Desa application manager.Application users as buyers or consumers can ask questions about product availability, order delivery time, estimated time of order arrival, and others.Users will be directed to the WhatsApp application to communicate with the Pasar Desa application manager.The instant shopping feature functions to purchase products sold in the Pasar Desa application.Users can select available products based on product type/category, such as shirts, hijab and robes, uniforms, snacks, medicines, and others.Products purchased will be delivered to the buyer's address.
There are 3 payment methods in the Pasar Desa application, namely payment with the balance of the Pasar Desa application, manual transfers to the BUMDes BNI Bank account "Cemani Sejahtera", and WhatsApp checkout.Payment by WhatsApp checkout is a feature similar to chat, that is, users can complete transactions via WhatsApp, by communicating directly with the Pasar Desa application manager.This feature can function as a PayLater service (buy now, pay later) and can only be used by certain users who pass verification.BUMDes "Cemani Sejahtera" targets the Pasar Desa application to be used by 1,000 households out of a total of 5,536 households in Cemani Village.To register an account in the Pasar Desa application, full name data, name of the RT head, and WhatsApp number or e-mail address are required.This application is specifically designed for residents of Cemani Village so that in the account registration process, the name of the Head of the RT from the place of residence of the prospective user is required.The Pasar Desa application only has a user interface for buyers or consumers.The management of products/services displayed in the Pasar Desa application is managed by the Pasar Desa application management team, namely BUMDes "Cemani Sejahtera".For sellers/service providers who want to sell their products/services in the Pasar Desa application, they must arrange it directly with the management team.
Cemani Village Government is building a digital studio facility in April 2022 and is located in the Cemani Village Office building.The digital studio is managed by Cemani Village apparatus and managed to upload its first podcast on June 5, 2022 via the Cemani Village Government YouTube Channel.The product produced by the Cemani Village digital studio is in the form of a video podcast in the form of conversations between hosts and certain sources.The digital studio building is shown in Figure 4. Supporting facilities for making podcast videos and creative content at the Cemani Village digital studio include 1 LED TV, 2 lighting, 3 single sofas, 1 double sofa, 1 music organ, 1 air conditioner, 2 chairs, 2 cameras, 2 electrical terminals, 3 tripods, 1 Google Nest Asisstant device, 2 microphones, 1 round table, 1 dressing room with curtains, 1 work table, 1 computer device, and 5 light bulbs.Throughout June-November 2022, the frequency of podcast content produced by the Cemani Village Government uploaded to the YouTube channel is 1-3 times per month.Podcast topics adjust to current events, the latest information that the public needs to know, and there are collaborative activities or events held in Cemani Village.

Utilization of Digital Application in Supporting Cemani Smart Village
The Diapelinduk application is used to take care of the needs of residents who need a letter of introduction from the RT, including making marriage books, divorce certificates, birth certificates, death certificates, Certificate of Disadvantage (SKTM), Health Indonesia Card (KIS), new identity card (KTP), new/split family card (KK), police record certificate (SKCK), and temporary residence domicile letter (boro).The use of the Diapelinduk application for making RT cover letters digitally is seen as a solution to problems that often occur in the community, such as the Head of the RT who has already left for work or is out of town, even though residents urgently need services.The use of the Diapelinduk application for making RT cover letters becomes more practical, fast, and effective.The RT head no longer feels pressured by his residents to make a RT cover letter because it can be done from anywhere and at any time.Using the Diapelinduk application, the RT head does not need to write down the NIK and KK number manually, but can use the copy-paste feature available on smartphones.In the Diapelinduk application there is also a "Search by NIK" feature which makes it easier for RT heads to fill in personal information on residents.This can minimize errors due to human error in the cover letter that is made.The use of the Diapelinduk application is more environmentally friendly because it can save paper for printing RT cover letter blanks.
Still, there are some disadvantages of using the Diapelinduk application.Even though it is simple and easy to understand, there are still a number of RT heads who don't really understand how to use the Diapelinduk application.This obstacle is experienced by many RT heads in the age range of 50-70 years due to rarely using smartphones.The RT head who feels it is difficult to ask questions directly to village officials or ask for help from other people (family or deputy RT head) to get an explanation on how to use the Diapelinduk application.From a social perspective, the use of the Diapelinduk application means that residents and the RT head do not need to meet in person.This resulted in no communication to establish friendship between the residents and the RT head, even though the community always lived side by side.Communication between residents and the RT head in a virtual space is in the form of communication tools, such as WhatsApp, telephone, and short messages so that residents and the RT head do not need to meet face to face.This can become a problem when the head of the RT does not know the residents who propose making a cover letter for the RT.In addition, this can trigger environmental vulnerability because the RT head does not know the conditions and background of his own residents.
This challenge can be minimized by adding the "by name by address" feature which is integrated with Google Maps and GPS as a "two-step verification" step in the Diapelinduk application for the location of the addresses of residents who submit RT cover letters.For RT heads who feel they don't really know their residents, they can verify the identity of these residents by visiting their address, according to what has been filled in through the Diapelinduk application.This feature also has role in improving the accuracy of residents' addresses so that they do not only refer to the RT/RW locations in Cemani Village which tend to be in a larger area, as well as improving the quality of the Diapelinduk application so that it does not only become a substitute for blank paper forms for making RTs.
Pasar Desa application was developed with the aim of increasing village and community income, developing an entrepreneurial spirit, creating new jobs, empowering local potential, and strengthening the purchasing power of all residents of Cemani Village.As a driving force for village economic activity, the Pasar Desa application takes advantage of the high potential for household consumption in Cemani Village.This is because Cemani Village has the highest population in Sukoharjo Regency and there is no prominent natural or cultural potential to be developed into a tourist attraction.The Pasar Desa application also has a feature similar to PayLater (buy now, pay later).This feature can only be used by people with certain criteria that pass verification.Residents who can use the PayLater feature are prioritized for residents with jobs in the informal sector and have a monthly income below the UMR.This is intended so that all members of society have the convenience of obtaining basic needs.
The practical manifestation of the spatial aspect in the use of the Pasar Desa application is shown by the grouping of application users according to their place of residence in Cemani Village, namely the RT address.The use of the Pasar Desa application in Cemani Village utilizes the virtual space that is formed between sellers and buyers through digital applications.Pasar Desa application can be improved with the "by name by address" feature which is integrated with Google Maps and GPS to enter the application user's address as the location for sending goods.With the addition of the location feature, users can choose a delivery address, for example a home address, according to coordinates that are more accurate.Goods delivery couriers are also helped by the location feature because the goods delivery address can be directed through the Google Maps application connected to GPS so that the goods delivery process is faster and more precise.
Digital studio facilities were built to develop creative content in the form of podcasts and vlogs, increase public insight and knowledge on current issues, and ensure information disclosure to the public in the context of preventing hoaxes.Increasing the production of creative content in the Cemani Village digital studio is one of the points of cooperation between the Cemani Village Government and Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS).One of UNS' contributions to the development of digital studios is the deployment of students to work in digital studios and the holding of Community Service Programs (KKN) in Cemani Village with the theme of smart village development.

Suitability Between Features and Services of Digital Applications in Supporting Cemani Smart Village and Application User Needs
The Diapelinduk application, which is integrated with digital signatures, provides a solution to problems that were previously often faced by residents who needed a RT cover letter, such as the Head of the RT who was not at home because he had already left for work or was traveling.The Pasar Desa application is currently not actively used, so it does not yet have users and it is not yet known whether the features available meet the needs of application users.The Cemani Village digital studio is an innovation that is rarely carried out by the village level government.In the Socialization of Smart Village Activities [19], as well as other smart village development directive documents, there is no written rules for the provision of digital studios or similar facilities by the village government.This is because the development of supporting facilities towards a smart village is adjusted to the needs of each village.Analysis of the suitability between features and services of digital applications in supporting Cemani Smart Village with the needs of application users is shown in Table 1.• Not yet actively used so it doesn't have users and performance yet • Many traders in traditional markets are not ready for change

Digital studio Suitable
• Cemani Village Government innovation • Supported by the District Government of Sukoharjo and the people of Cemani Village • Supporting information disclosure and increasing public awareness Source: Indepth interview and result of author's analysis (2023) In terms of infrastructure, development of smart village in Cemani Village is supported by sufficient availability of electric power and telecommunications networks.Electric power in Cemani Village reached 6,649.2kVA (the number of PLN electricity users in Cemani Village in 2019 was 7,388 families, with an average of 1 household using 900 VA of electricity) [20].There are three cellular telephone towers (BTS) and seven cellular telephone communication service operators operating with strong signal quality [20].In Sukoharjo Regency, there is an internet network that connects all villages (connected villages) with internet access with a capacity of 20 Mbps for each village [21].The Cemani Village Office provides free and open Wi-Fi network access for residents who come.In terms of internet network availability at the village level, internet access has been installed in several RTs.In the future, it is planned to have a free Wi-Fi network in every RT in Cemani Village.
The development of a smart village in Cemani Village refers to the six pillars of smart village development according to the Ministry of Village, including smart society, smart governance, smart environment, smart economy, smart mobility and smart environment.Cemani Village has fulfilled five of six pillars of a smart village, with the pillars of smart governance obtaining dominant achievements.One pillar that has not been fulfilled is smart living.The achievement of five smart village pillars in Cemani Village is shown in Table 2. Smart village development should refer to the conditions, potentials and problems that exist in each village.Each village has unique characteristics that differ from one another, starting from the potential they have and the problems they face, so it is necessary to develop a smart village model that is contextually appropriate to the conditions of villages in Indonesia [22].Cemani Village is the most densely populated village in Sukoharjo Regency, with 21.073 residents in 2021 [23].The type of work for residents in Cemani Village is dominated by factory workers, namely 7,211 residents, followed by private workers with 6,535 residents.The population working in the agricultural sector is minimal, only one person works as a farmer and eleven people work as farm laborers.Land use in Cemani Village is dominated by built-up land, including football fields, volleyball courts, and rivers, shown in Figure 5.  Built-up land in Cemani Village consists of settlements, school buildings, places of worship, industrial buildings, and sport facilities.Cemani Village has almost no rice fields because the available land has become a densely populated residential area and factory buildings.This shows that the characteristics and activities of the community tend to be urban compared to rural because the source of income is not driven by the agricultural sector, but is dominated by the industrial, service and trade sectors, namely from community-driven MSMEs, such as convection and processing industry, as well as large industry from several factories in Cemani Village.In addition, Cemani Village is also directly adjacent to Surakarta City to the north and east so that the area of agricultural land is relatively minimal with a heterogeneous population demographic because many migrants live in Cemani Village to work.
The implementation of smart village in Cemani Village focuses on strengthening public services digitally compared to the implementation of smart village in Panggungharjo Village, Sewon District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province which focuses on the implementation of smart government dimensions [24].The implementation of smart village in Panggungharjo Village combines innovations carried out by the Panggungharjo Village Government independently and implements programs initiated by the Bantul Regency Government at the village level.Some smart village practices in Panggungharjo Village that utilize the use of online application systems include integration/public system services in the form of Single Windows, online licensing, Village Information System, online job search, and village-based population services.Programs that have been implemented by Panggungharjo Village can be adapted by the Cemani Village Government, adjusted to the village's conditions and the needs of the Cemani Village community.This is because the programs implemented in Panggungharjo Village have led to a broader implementation of smart village and have not been optimally applied by the Cemani Village Government, such as smart people and smart living pillars.Some of alternative proposals for the development of digital application utilization in Cemani Village in order to support the realization of a smart village were prepared, as follows.The Sukoharjo Regency Government as a supra-village government should accommodate the village government in innovating to develop local initiatives through the preparation of derivative regulations from the ministry in the form of Regent Regulations regarding smart village development programs.At the community level, the accessibility of citizens to IT infrastructure can be improved with the availability of free internet networks evenly in the form of Wi-Fi in every RT.To support this, socialization and training on digital literacy capacity building should be conducted for the village community, especially teenagers and middle-aged people, so that they can use technology and the internet more wisely.Training or workshops can be organized for certain professional groups, such as farmers or traders, on the use of technology and social media in increasing production and income.It is necessary to formulate a village regulation regarding the use of the Pasar Desa application as local e-commerce in the context of strengthening the village economy, with efforts that do not kill businesses that have been owned by residents before.In the author's opinion, trade activities in village areas cannot be fully substituted for digital transactions because not all levels of society have the ability and willingness to adapt, and there are several conditions that make buying and selling activities more effective face-to-face.Furthermore, to increase resource efficiency and create employment opportunities, the Pasar Desa application can be developed by providing accommodation and delivery transportation services.Digital applications and village information systems act as instrument or tools to support village administration, improve the quality of public services, transparency and information disclosure, village branding, and strengthen the village economy [25].

Conclusion
Digital applications developed in Cemani Village in order to support smart villages are Diapelinduk application which is integrated with digital signatures, Pasar Desa application, and digital studio.Diapelinduk application which is integrated with digital signatures is used for making RT cover letters, Pasar Desa application as a local e-commerce in Cemani Village, and the digital studio is used for podcast video production.Usefulness of Pasar Desa application cannot be known.However, Pasar Desa application is expected to provide solutions to community economic problems and be able to increase village income.The use of Diapelinduk application and digital studio is considered to be in accordance with the needs of the people of Cemani Village, while the suitability of Pasar Desa application cannot be known because it is currently not actively used.
Based on the pillars of smart villages according to the Ministry of Village, the development of smart village in Cemani Village has fulfilled five of six pillars of smart villages.The five pillars of the smart village include the pillars of smart society, smart governance, smart environment, smart economy, and smart mobility, with the pillars of smart governance gaining dominant achievements.One last pillar of a smart village, namely smart living, has not been optimally fulfilled.Utilization of digital applications play a role as an instrument or supporting tool for the realization of Cemani Smart Village.
The research was conducted when the use of digital applications in Cemani Village was just being initiated.For further research, it can be refined with data from users of each type of application so that the resulting analysis and development alternatives are more in-depth and targeted, and statistical tests can be used to provide a measurable picture of the quality of digital application use in Cemani Village.

Table 1 .
Analysis of the suitability between features and services of digital applications in supporting Cemani Smart Village with the needs of application users

Table 2 .
Achievement of 5 (five) smart village pillars in Cemani Village