Evaluation of Changes in the Function of Green Open Spaces in Public Facilities in the City of Banda Aceh (Case Study: Blang Padang Field Area)

The existence of the Blang Padang Field as a green open space (RTH) in Banda Aceh City based on its natural weight, is included in the category of non-natural areas or built areas. This built area has ecological, social and recreational functions for the surrounding community in Banda Aceh City. This area is used as a tourism zone and public open space, where this area is often used as a gathering location or meeting friends for people who live and visit the city of Banda Aceh. People usually enjoy the atmosphere of the Blang Padang field by spreading mats or sitting directly on the green grass. Based on the type of open space, the Blang Padang field is included in the public open space category. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2022, the proportion of green public open space in the city park consisting of at least 85% green cover and the rest being environmentally friendly non-green cover. This proportion can provide a balanced urban ecosystem which can increase the availability of clean air needed by people in urban areas. In addition, clean air can also increase the value of the beauty and comfort of a city. The condition of the Blang Padang Field area is currently starting to be used as an area of economic activity, causing a decrease in ecological quality, such as increasing air temperature and urban environmental pollution. The focus of this research is to evaluate the percentage of pavement area and green area in the Blang Padang Field area. The results can determine changes in function that occur in green open space in the area. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, literature studies and documentation studies. The results showed that the area of Blang Padang is 95,521m2 (9.5 Ha). The pavement area is 28,442m2 (2.8 Ha) with a percentage of 29.77% of the total area. Based on the results obtained, the most concerning factor is the increase in the permanent pavement area. The use of pavement on the Blang Padang field has exceeded the minimum required limit. The pavement area is used as parking facilities for both two- and four-wheeled wheels, culinary facilities and sports facilities.


Introduction
The existence of Blang Padang Field as a green open space (RTH) in Banda Aceh City is used by the community as a city square in various activities.Based on the level of naturalness, the Blang Padang Field area is included in the category of non-natural areas or built areas that have ecological, social and recreational functions for the surrounding community in Banda Aceh City [1].Based on the function of the tourist zone and public space, Blang Padang Field is used for recreational activities, sports, selling, state ceremonies, religious and military activities [2].
Based on the Regulation of the Minister (Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum N0 05/Prt/M/2008) [3], the green open space of city parks can be used by residents to carry out various social activities in one city or part of the city area.This park can be in the form of a green field equipped with recreational facilities, playgrounds (children/toddlers), flower gardens, special gardens (for the elderly), limited sports facilities, and sports complexes with a minimum percentage of 30% green open space.In this case, the Blang Padang Field is a city park that facilitates various community social activities in the city of Banda Aceh.
The existence of urban green open spaces is needed to control and maintain the integrity and quality of the environment.Green open space with an ecological function aims to support the physical sustainability of the city in the form of a spatial form that is positioned, sized, and has a definite shape in an urban area [3].As a tourist zone and public space, many activities are carried out in the Blang Padang Field area.Communities around Banda Aceh use Blang Padang Field as a place to gather or meet friends.In the Blang Padang area, there is a stretch of green grass, which is usually used by people to relax by spreading mats and even sitting directly on them.In addition, on weekends or holidays there are many seasonal traders selling around the Blang Padang area, both culinary traders, clothing traders and open game rentals for children, youth and adults.
The Blang Padang area is one of the favourite choices for the people around Banda Aceh.This is because most of the area is overgrown with shade plants, namely tamarind trees and trambesi trees, which add to the cool atmosphere with the wind that blows.Currently the condition of the Blang Padang field area has begun to be used as an area for commercial activity, where the atmosphere is becoming more congested and increasingly chaotic, resulting in an increase in air temperature and pollution of the urban environment.Unplanned urban development will cause changes in the ecological conditions of the urban environment, causing a decrease in environmental quality [4].
Land conversion from vegetated areas to built-up areas can disrupt the ecological balance [5].Provision of green open space is a mandate from Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning.The provision of green open space is required to have a minimum area of 30% of the area of the urban area, where a minimum of 20% is public green open space and a minimum of 10% is private green open space.This requirement is used as an alternative effort to minimize the impact of environmental damage by optimizing the ecological functions of Urban Green Open Spaces (RTHKP).This comparison illustrates the balance of urban ecosystems that can increase the availability of clean air for people living in urban areas.In addition, clean air can also increase the value of the beauty and comfort of an urban area.
Another problem that arises and can change the function of green open space in the Blang Padang field area of Banda Aceh City is congestion.Traffic jams often occur when large events are held, such as music performances, exhibitions, and people's parties.These activities require sufficient space to accommodate vehicles, so they sometimes use green spaces as an alternative to parking.The impact will cause an increase in the need for pavement for parking areas.
The physical development of urban space is strongly influenced by urbanization [6].Population growth in urban areas causes density in urban segments.Main roads that used to never have traffic jams now often occur in several corners of the city due to the large number of vehicles.
The most concerning factor occurring in the Blang Padang field area of Banda Aceh City is the increasing permanent pavement area.The pavement area is used for parking facilities for both two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles, culinary facilities and sports facilities.The emergence of additional facilities in open space will result in a reduction in the area of green land in this area.Based on the problems encountered, this research is focused on evaluating the percentage of green land area that has changed its function into pavement in the Blang Padang Field area.

Methods
The method used in this study is a quantitative method by evaluating the percentage of the area of the pavement area and the green area.Data is collected by measuring.Data is collected using the observation method to determine the point to be measured.The observation method is carried out by observing and recording areas that are categorized as green land and paved land.The data that has been collected through observation is then carried out to measure and calculate the area.The calculations carried out are by measuring the area of the green area and the pavement area directly.The calculations of the area of green land and pavement are then reviewed with a literature review to examine the problems and impacts they cause.

Data Identification a)
The physical data obtained is that the Blang Padang field is a rectangular public open space surrounded by main roads in the city of Banda Aceh.This field has a flat topography and the sides of the land are predominantly covered with trambesi trees.The ground cover consists of grass and pavement.b) The overall space area is 95,521 m 2 (9.5 Ha).c) The function of the space in the Blang Padang field is the Banda Aceh city square as a public open space filled with various activities.The activity zones found on the Blang Padang field are grouped into several functions, namely recreation areas, sports, culinary, games, state ceremonies, religious and military activities.d) Circulation and accessibility can be achieved in all directions.For vehicle users, the Blang Padang field can be reached from three sides of the gate, namely north, south and east.The Blang Padang field is surrounded by the main route of the city of Banda Aceh, which passes by various types of vehicles, both private vehicles (duan and four-wheeled vehicles) and public transportation (trans kutaraja, pedicabs and online motorcycle taxis).e) The facilities available are sports field, jogging track, playground, business area (culinary, fashion and games), and ceremonial grounds.These facilities influence the increase in supporting facilities such as toilets, prayer rooms and spacious parking.

The Total Area of Blang Padang Field
Calculation of the area of the Blang Padang field was carried out by manual measurement at the existing location and also by calculation via satellite maps.Based on the measurement results, the area of the Blang Padang field is 95,521 m 2 (9.5 Ha).

Identify available public facilities in the Blang Padang field area which influences changes in space function and accessibility
The density of activities in the Blang Padang field, which is increasing day by day, will have an impact on increasing commercial facilities, such as increasing culinary facilities, children's recreation facilities and other trade.The increase in these facilities will require a place for activities, so that it will allow green spaces to be repurposed.The increasing need for large vehicle parking spaces and the increasing need for toilets as supporting facilities.Apart from that, facilities such as prayer rooms are also needed as additional support.The addition of these facilities will have an impact on reducing green land.
The use of pavement in the Blang Padang field is passed the recommended limits, so that in its development it requires concern and supervision between related parties (government) and the community.That is necessary to minimize the impact of environmental damage through optimizing the ecological functions of Urban Green Open Spaces (RTHKP).In its development, the function of the green space in 6 the Blang Padang field has begun to be used as an additional parking area, especially in congested conditions such as on weekends, holidays and when holding certain events.If this condition occurs continuously unattended, it will cause changes in new functions in green areas and threaten the reduction of green land.Several public facilities in the Blang Padang Field area are also show in Table 1.

Identify the extent of the pavement area and green areas in the Blang Padang field area
Based on the identification of public facilities in the Blang Padang field area, the zones are grouped into green areas and pavement areas.The detailed area is described in Table 2.   [9], the proportion of green public open space in the city park consisting of at least 85% green cover and the rest being environmentally friendly non-green cover.Based on these regulations, the green cover requirements for the Blang Padang Field are less than the recommended minimum limit of green cover.This condition must be considered, because more pavement areas than green areas will affect the quality of the urban environment.if this condition is left unchecked it will decrease and the percentage of green open space in the city area.
The increase in the number of visitors to the Blang Padang area and the increase in commercial activities has resulted in a reduction in green open space in the Blang Padang area.This will have an impact on density and congestion, where supporting infrastructure such as parking is inadequate.Intensive commercial and recreational activities can cause environmental damage, such as soil erosion, decreased air quality, or damage to vegetation.The increasing need for supporting facilities such as parking, public toilets, trash cans and rest areas can become a burden for field management and maintenance.Increased activity requires good management to ensure cleanliness, safety and sustainable use.

Conclusion
This study aims to see changes in function that might occur due to the percentage of green area and pavement area in the Blang Padang Field.Based on the results and discussion, it is concluded that: a) The total area of the Blang Padang Field is 95,521 m 2 (9.5 Ha).Of this area, the percentage of the pavement area is 29.77% and the green area is 70.23%.b) Most of the pavement areas in the Blang Padang field function as public facilities.The public facilities on the Blang Padang field are sports fields (volleyball, basketball, football fields), jogging tracks, ceremonial fields and stands, prayer rooms, business areas (culinary, fashion and games), monuments, tsunami monuments and parking areas.
I d e n t i f i ka s i P e r s e n t a s e K a w a s a n B l a n g P a d a n g A r e a A r e a P e r k e r a s a n P e n g h i j a u a n 29,77 70,23 c) Based on the percentage between green land and pavement area, the green land requirements for the Blang Padang Field are less than the recommended minimum limit of green cover.This condition must be considered, because more pavement areas than green areas will affect the quality of the urban environment.(the Regulation of the Minister of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14, 2022) d) The use of pavement on the Blang Padang field has exceeded the minimum required limit.This condition can be a consideration for the city government, in its development it requires concern and supervision between related parties (government) and the community, so that the impact of environmental damage can be minimized through optimizing the ecological function of Urban Green Open Space (RTHKP).e) If the percentage of green area and pavement in the Blang Padang field is neglected in the development process, this will reduce the percentage of green space for the city area.
): a) North side of Jl.Prof. A. Majid Ibrahim II; b) South side of Jl.Sultan Iskandar Muda; c) East side of Jl.Mr. Young Sheikh Wali; And d) West side of Jl.Prof. A.Majid Ibrahim I.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Green Area Situation of Blang Padang Field Area

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Public Facilities Location in Map

Table 2 .
The pavement area and green areas in the Blang Padang field