Contribution of the agricultural sector to embody Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Jambi Province

This research aims to investigate the agricultural sector’s contribution to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Jambi Province, as well as policies to increase the agricultural sector’s role in the realization of the SDGs in Jambi Province. Using a simultaneous equation model to analyze how development affects key measures of SDG achievement. The findings indicated that The contribution of the agricultural sector to the realization of sustainable economic development (SDGs) in Jambi Province has a significant effect on the reliability of the agricultural sector in the realization of sustainable economic development (SDGs) in Jambi Province. Policies that can be carried out by the government to increase the role of the agricultural sector in realizing sustainable economic development (SDGs) in Jambi Province are those that are Triple Bottom Line (TBL): pro-planet, profit, and people. Support for the agricultural sector in the form of effective policies and incentives is used as a measure of the effectiveness of sustainable development in the province of Jambi. The government must take a number of factors into account when drafting agricultural development policies.


Introduction
Indonesia is an agrarian country whose economy is based on agriculture [1].Furthermore, the agricultural sector is one of seven that may have positive growth during the Pandemic of COVID-19.The agricultural industry's exceptional performance has not only allowed it to become one of the government's staple sectors in sustaining the continuity of national economic development, but it can also be expected to be a backbone in reducing poverty.[2].
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global action plan for people, the environment, and the economy that were developed by the United Nations in September 2015.[3].Global objectives, the SDGs can only be fulfilled by integrating them into regional and national development plans.[4].Global objectives, the SDGs can only be fulfilled by integrating them into regional and national development plans.[5].The agricultural sector makes a substantial contribution to fulfilling the 1302 (2024) 012143 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1302/1/012143 2 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Program's targets and goals.Agriculture's function is intimately tied to the 2030 SDGs aim of eradicating 'No Poverty' and 'Zero Hunger' poverty and hunger.
The agricultural sector plays a vital part in the SDGs program, as seen by the 17 goals and 169 objectives aimed at eradicating poverty and hunger [6].Aside from health, education, gender inequity, and environmental sustainability are also priorities.Of course, some of these issues are directly tied to food and agriculture.Indonesia is working hard to lower national poverty rates through agriculture in order to meet the 2030 SDGs target.
Agriculture development is unavoidable because the majority of Indonesians consume rice and work in the agricultural industry [7].The agriculture industry plays an essential role in shaping employment possibilities and contributing to the formation of gross domestic product and exports.[8] claims that agriculture is a unique type of production based on how plants and animals thrive.In a farming business where production operations are a business, farmers oversee and promote plant growth, therefore expenses and revenue are crucial.
[9] Study: "Agricultural exports and rural poverty: evidence from Indonesian palm oil" .This study aims to evaluate the effects of the largest contemporary agricultural export in the world., Indonesian palm oil, on poverty and consumerism in producing societies since 2000.According to the study's findings, villages with more intensive palm oil production had faster poverty reduction.Exploiting external demand growth and local variances in cultivation appropriateness.The median expansion accelerated poverty reduction by 2.7 percentage points and consumption growth by 4%.According to estimates, expansion in the palm oil business lifted approximately 2.6 million rural Indonesians out of poverty this century.The results can be explained by increased returns to labor and land, and indirect impacts through household investment, local government revenues, and rural economic and social infrastructure.
[10] Study: "The Role of the Palm Oil Industry in Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia" .The purpose of this research is to examine the contribution of palm oil-based sectors to economic growth, poverty alleviation, and income distribution improvement.The study's findings indicate that the palm oil business plays a vital influence in all three of these areas.The development of oil palm has a favorable impact on economic growth, as evidenced by increases in investment, output, and foreign exchange.In terms of income and assets, palm oil-based enterprises provide a considerable contribution to household welfare.The oil palm industry accounts for around IDR 5IDR 11 million, or more than 63% of household income.The palm oil business also makes a significant contribution to assets, accounting for around 6372% of total assets.Its contribution in poverty alleviation is shown in the fact that less than 10% of oil palm cultivators are poor.With a Gini value of roughly 0.36, income distribution in oil palm production hubs is fair (quite equitable).Several policy concerns were considered in order to overcome several impediments to the palm oil industry's role in economic growth, poverty alleviation, and income distribution improvement [11].
A study analyzing the agricultural sector's contribution to the Jambi Province's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) needs to be conducted because information about the agricultural sector's role in achieving the SDGs is crucial for the sector to use as marketing collateral to increase its acceptance in international markets.

Research methods
This activity was carried out to examine the contribution of the agriculture industry to attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs) as agreed to be achieved no later than 2030 by each UN member state.Time series data are the type of secondary data used in this investigation.for 20 years, namely from 2002 to 2021.Data is collected from various information sources, especially BPS and other agencies such as FAO, IMF, UnComtrade, World Bank, and those who have information on the contribution of the agricultural sector to the economy.
The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method.The descriptive method is used to create an overview of the contribution of the economic sector to achieving the SDGs goals.to determine the impact of development on indicators of achieving SDG's goals is approached using a simultaneous equation model with the Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method using the SAS/ETS ver 9.0 (Statistical Analysis System/Econometric Time Series) program.
In this study there are 10 behavioral equations and one identity equation, namely: = Investment UMRJ = Regional minimum wage Model evaluation in this study was carried out using several statistical tests namely, R 2 , F-test, and ttest.To test whether the explanatory variables together have a significant or not significant effect on the endogenous variables, each equation is analyzed using the F statistic test.Furthermore, to test whether each explanatory variable has a significant or not significant effect on the endogenous variables is analyzed using the t-statistical test.

Development of several indicators of sustainable development goals in Jambi Province
Poverty remains a significant issue in lower-middle income countries.Zero poverty is the priority stated in the Sustainable Development Goals.That is, the global community has agreed to abolish poverty in all of its forms worldwide.Poverty reduction will be inextricably related to other global goals, such as the elimination of hunger, superior health and wellbeing, gender equality, high-quality education, access to clean water and sanitation, and affordable, renewable energy, as well as the importance of partnerships in achieving these goals.[2].The Development of the Number of Poor Population in Jambi Province in 2002 -2021, during this period, the number of poor people in Jambi Province tended to always decrease except in 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2020.The largest increase in the number of people was in the period 2015, the number of poor people increased by 6.73% to as many as 300.71 thousand people, compared to the previous year which only reached 281.75 thousand people.The rise in poverty in Jambi Province is inextricably linked to the province's high rate of immigration.The economic sector's incapacity to absorb migration into employment has an impact on their income level, leading to poverty.[12].
The second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) aims to eradicate hunger, ensure food security, enhance nutrition, and advance sustainable agriculture.This objective aligns with the development aims of Indonesia, including the generation of jobs and food security.[13].In order to plan food consumption demands, the Expected Dietary Pattern (PPH) score serves as an indicator of the nutritional quality and variety of food consumption.
Jambi Province PPH score for 2002 -2021 tends to fluctuate.In 2002 the Jambi Province PPH score was 78.16 and then it increased by 10.33% to 86.24 in 2021.The PPH score is 100 indicating the value of all needs body consumption, Therefore, the population's food consumption is more varied and balanced the higher the PPH score.Increased household income and awareness of the need of a healthy lifestyle with PPH will be very influential in achieving PPH; the higher the money, the more likely it is to choose the best consumption for the body.According to [14], The following are markers of national food security: (1) food is always available; (2) people's ability or purchasing power is related to food; and (3) food is guaranteed to be distributed and supplied.
Goal number 3, which aims to guarantee a healthy life and promote well-being for all people of all ages, incorporates all of the health-related SDGs.Further health information is shown by looking at the evolution of the population's percentage of health complaints in the province of Jambi between 2002 and 2021.The proportion of the people in Jambi Province who report health issues varies annually during this time.In Jambi Province, 18.75% of the population reported having health issues in 2002; by 2021, that number had dropped to 16.83%.The decline in the proportion of citizens reporting health issues is indicative of the government's endeavors to ensure that primary health care are accessible.
Another factor that determines poverty is education.Education is an important factor in future development.Education and poverty have a very large relationship, where education itself is related to character building.According to [15] education has a great influence and benefits on reducing poverty, so this shows that investment is needed in education, besides improving the quality of education and easy access to education.The level of education can be seen from the teacher-pupil ratio.Development of the Ratio of Student Teachers in Jambi Province in 2002 -2021 tended to fluctuate every year.In 2002 the student-teacher ratio was 0.068 and then it continued to fluctuate until 2021 it increased by 3.78% to 0.069.According to [16] an adequate level of education will increase the opportunity for the poor to get out of poverty.
GPI is an indicator that describes the ratio (ratio) of achievement between female HDI and male HDI.The GDI calculation refers to the methodology used by UNDP in calculating the Gender Development Index (GDI) and Human Development Index (HDI) in 2010.This method change is an adjustment to methodological changes in HDI.Aside from being a refinement of the previous method, the new IPG method is also a direct measurement of gender inequality in achieving human development.
This can be seen from Development of the Jambi Province Gender Development Index for 2002 -2021.The IPG (Gender Development Index), first proposed by the United Nations Development Programs (UNDP) in the 1995 Human Development Report, is one way to quantify the success rate of development that takes gender issues into account.Gender status is given more weight in the IPG, a human development indicator that is a composite of four indicators, especially when analyzing essential abilities.The IPG figure for Jambi Province in 2002 was 81.43, and it is expected to rise by 8.83% to 86.24 in 2021.This GPI statistic is supposed to provide some answers for development projects that have accommodated gender equality and justice.[17].
The percentage of household customers who have access to illumination powered by either non-PLN or State Electricity Company (PLN) electricity relative to the total number of households is known as the electrification ratio.A source of electric lighting that is managed under PLN is PLN electricity.Non-PLN energy is defined as electric lighting provided by organizations other than PLN.Examples of such organizations include those that use lighting sources including solar power plants, generators, and batteries (accumulators), which are not under PLN's management.According to data compiled by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the electrification percentage in Jambi Province improved significantly between 2002 and 2021, rising from 78.68% in 2002 to 95.61%.To boost electricity infrastructure, the government is targeting there is an additional NRE power generation capacity reaching 20,923 megawatts by 2030.One of the beneficial outcomes is that the capacity of this sustainable energy-based power plant has been increased.[18].

Estimation of factors influencing SDGs in Jambi Province
When examining the complex environment that influences the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Province of Jambi, a thorough investigation of all relevant elements becomes crucial.The socioeconomic, environmental, and political dynamics of a given area are closely linked to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an international call to action to end poverty, safeguard the environment, and guarantee prosperity for all.Jambi Province, which is located on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, offers a distinctive picture in which the pursuit of these global goals is greatly impacted by elements such as economic inequality, environmental preservation, infrastructural development, accessibility to education, and cultural variety.Understanding the interplay and prominence of these elements is pivotal in crafting effective strategies aimed at advancing the SDGs in Jambi Province.
A complicated mix of regional settings and international goals influences the accomplishment of the SDGs in the Province of Jambi.A dynamic web shaped by community empowerment, resource exploitation, economic growth, and governmental regulations guides the region's transition to sustainable development.Jambi Province, with its abundant biodiversity and issues of deforestation and land degradation, is a microcosm in which sustainable land use practices and environmental conservation play a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Additionally, the convergence of social elements including gender equality, healthcare accessibility, education, and cultural preservation offers opportunities as well as obstacles for Jambi Province's holistic pursuit of the SDGs agenda.
The The estimation results of the SDG equation in Jambi Province show that With a coefficient of determination R adj2 of 0.96475, explanatory factors account for 96.47% of the explanation, with extraneous variables outside the model accounting for the remaining 3.53%.SDG in the Province of Jambi has a significance level of less than.0001 and an F-test value of 75.28.This demonstrates how the equation's variables affect the SDGs in the province of Jambi.The estimation results that have been carried out obtained the SDG equation in Jambi Province as follows: SDGJ = -435.096-0.14158 JPMJ -0.22942 PPKK + 1.354414 PPHJ + 5.064319 IPGJ + 1337.378RTBLR -6.28695 RMGJ + 0.00000003959 GRDP (12) The estimation results show that the variable Number of Poor Population (JPMJ) has a significant effect on the SDG model in Jambi Province with a significance level of 5%.The number of poor people with the Jambi Province SDG level shows a negative relationship with the estimated parameter value of -0.14158, which means that a decrease in the number of poor people in Jambi Province by 1% can increase the achievement of SDGs in Jambi Province by 0.14158.This is by research conducted by [2] on Poverty Alleviation and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).This study demonstrates how the problem of poverty must be understood and addressed as a global issue in order to be addressed in a global perspective.As a result, any poverty reduction program must be viewed as a totality and as mutually dependent with a number of other activity initiatives.The SDGs indicate that eliminating poverty is the top objective.This indicates that the world has resolved to abolish all forms of poverty in all parts of the world, including Indonesia.
Poverty eradication will be intimately linked to other global goals, such as hunger elimination, excellent health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, clean and inexpensive energy, and so on, emphasizing the necessity of collaboration in achieving those goals.This indicates that the entire globe has resolved to eradicate poverty in all of its forms, including in Indonesia.Poverty eradication will be intimately linked to other global goals, such as hunger elimination, excellent health and well-being, high-quality education, gender equality, access to clean water and sanitation, affordable and sustainable energy, and so on, stressing the need for cooperation in order to achieve such objectives.This indicates that everyone has committed to eradicating poverty in all of its manifestations everywhere, including Indonesia.The eradication of poverty will be closely related to other global goals, such as gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable and healthy energy, a world free from hunger, high-quality education, and so on.Partnerships will be crucial to accomplishing these goals.
Then, the estimation results of Population with Health Complaints (PPKK) also show a negative relationship with SDG in Jambi Province with an estimation parameter of -0.22942 which means that if there is a decrease in Population with Health Complaints by 1 unit, the SDG achievement in Jambi Province will increase by 0.22942.
Furthermore, the Expected Food Pattern (PPHJ), has a significant effect on the SDG model in Jambi Province with a significance level of 5%.Jambi's expected food pattern shows a positive relationship to SDGs in Jambi Province.The estimation results show a parameter value of 1.354414 meaning that if there is an increase in the Harapan food pattern in Jambi Province by 1 unit, it will increase the SDGs in Jambi Province by 1.354414.
Furthermore, the gender development index variable also has a positive effect on the SDGs in Jambi Province and has a significant effect on the SDG model in Jambi Province with a significance level of 5%.The estimation results show a parameter value of 5.064319 meaning that if there is an increase in the Jambi Province gender development index by 1 unit, it will increase the SDGs in Jambi Province by 5.064319.This is a research statement conducted by [19] discussing Gender Development and From 2010 to 2020, the Banyumas Residency Area saw economic growth.This study aims to investigate the effects of independent variables on the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in the former Banyumas Residency region, including female life expectancy, average length of schooling for females, and female per capita expenditure.Using a cross-section of four regencies/cities in the former Banyumas