The effect of grain price stability and capital availability on gen-z’s interest in farmer entrepreneurship in Serdang Bedagai Regency

The reluctance of the majority of Indonesians, especially Gen Z, to enter the agricultural business is not only due to social factors but also price stability that can change rapidly due to global factors, and when viewed in terms of capital, it is also challenging to access startups in the high-risk agricultural sector. The objective of this research is to gain insights and explore the effect of grain price stability and capital availability on the interest of gen-z in farmer entrepreneurship in the Serdang Bedagai regency. The research employs a quantitative methodology and utilizes an associative approach. The research took place in the Serdang Bedagai regency, Sumatera Utara province, through the distribution of research questionnaires directly to gen-Z. The researchers made gen-Z of Serdang Bedagai regency as the study population, by taking a sample of 96 respondents and using purposive sampling in sampling techniques. The results showed that the stability of grain prices and the availability of capital had a significant partial and simultaneous effect on Gen-Z’s interest in farmer entrepreneurship. And it was found that the stability of grain prices (X1) and the availability of capital (X2) affected the interest of gen-z in farmer entrepreneurship (Y) by 40.6%.


Introduction
Indonesia is currently said to be in a generation crisis that will become entrepreneurs in agriculture.Even some reports in the mass media mentioned that the young generation of Indonesia has no interest in becoming farmers.According to the findings of a study carried out by Jakpat in 2022, it shows ironic data where there are only 6 out of 100 Generation Z who have the desire to become entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector or become farmers.Based on the results of the Jakpat survey, only 6 out of 100 Generation Z aged 15-26 years want to work in agriculture.There are several reasons why many Gen-Z don't want to work in agriculture.As many as 36.3% of respondents cited the absence of career development.Then, 33.3% of respondents considered working in agriculture full of risks that must be borne.There are also 20% of respondents who are reluctant to work in agriculture because of their small income.As many as 14.8% of respondents did not want to work as farmers because they felt unappreciated.Meanwhile, 12.6% of respondents rated jobs in the field as unpromising.Meanwhile, the results of the Jakpat survey show that Generation Z is more interested in working in education, as stated by 15.8% of respondents.Then, there are 13% of respondents who want to work in the field of information technology.As many as 11.5% of respondents want to work in the health sector.Meanwhile, generation Z who want to work in mining and creative arts are 10% and 7.1% respectively.
This cannot be prevented because according to [1] states that between 2010 and 2050 the Strawberry Generation will become a global economic actor.This means that the current mindset trend has a significant opportunity to affect the global economy from various sectors in the future, including the agricultural sector.On the other hand, the reluctance of the majority of Indonesian people, especially Gen Z, to enter the agricultural business is not only due to social factors but also price stability that can change quickly by global factors, domestic politics to middlemen who suppress sales prices from farmers.This aligns with the results of a conducted study on patchouli farmers in Toba Regency where low price pressure by middlemen on patchouli farmers in Toba Regency resulted in patchouli farmers turning into manual workers in the construction sector [2].The Indonesian government has made great efforts in regulating the prices of daily necessities including grain to the farmer level to benefit farmers and prevent price games by middlemen.
According to [3] price is an attribute attached to an item that allows the good to meet needs, wants, and consumer satisfaction.Price is a customer's assessment in emotional form related to whether the costs offered by a company and the comparison of costs with other companies are acceptable [4].The price set is basically in accordance with the expectations of the maker, besides that the price also usually reflects the quality of the product that accompanies it, such as the concept used, unique design, and special feelings when owning the product.
According to [5] there are basically a wide variety of pricing objectives, namely: Serdang Bedagai as one of the regencys with the largest population in Sumatera Utara Province is also not spared from this problem.Serdang Bedagai is the 6th regency with the largest population in Sumatera Utara with a population of 667,998 people.According to BPS Sumatera Utara census data (2022), the number of generations in the age range of up to 25 years in Serdang Bedagai Regency reaches 20% of the total population.However, employment data at that age has no accurate information.In addition, data on the distribution of agricultural land, especially rice fields in Serdang Bedagai regency, was last published by Government Institutions in 2018, as follows: There was a very significant shrinkage of agricultural land in the Serdang Bedagai regency until 2018.The amount of depreciation may be much greater because until now there has been no latest update on the depreciation data of paddy fields in Serdang Bedagai regency.In establishing a business or entrepreneurship, especially agriculture, it is certainly necessary to have the availability of capital used in carrying out business activities.The shrinking of agricultural land causes the price of renting land or buying land for beginners is also getting higher so that the capital needed for farming is also not small.These factors are temporary allegations that cause Gen Z to no longer have the desire to become farmers in almost all regions of Indonesia.
According to [6], business capital is a sum of money used for the operational activities of a business or business.Business capital is not only related to the things described above, but the scope of business capital is very broad by paying attention to what is needed in building a business.According to [7], several indicators need to be considered in obtaining working capital or capital availability, which are as follows: 1.Capital structure.2. Application of extra capital.3. Obstacles to acquiring external funding.4. Business status following investment.
The easier it is to get the availability of capital for farming will make someone have an interest in entrepreneurship because the ease of getting capital will make it easier for someone to open a business, but on the contrary, if you don't have capital, it will be more difficult for someone to channel entrepreneurial ideas or open a business.When viewed in terms of capital for beginners, sources of capital such as loan capital from banks are also very difficult to access, especially for business pioneers, especially startups in agriculture that are at high risk.Meanwhile, business capital plays a crucial role in interesting aspect of gen-z in farmer entrepreneurship in the Serdang Bedagai regency.As stated by [8], own capital influences many entrepreneurial decisions to start a small (micro) business, which aims to get optimal profits and influence entrepreneurs in making decisions to initiate a new enterprise or enhance an established company.
Interest in entrepreneurship as an encouragement and desire to try or run a business [9].While according to [10] interest is an innate inclination or attraction towards something or an activity without external prompting or instruction.The interest in entrepreneurship is evident through the individual's dedication and diligence in striving for business success, their readiness to assume various risks associated with their business endeavours, their willingness to explore new avenues and approaches, their inclination to live modestly, and their eagerness to acquire new knowledge and skills.
The determinants that impact interest in entrepreneurship as per Bhandari in [11] are as follows: 1. Self-worth. 2. Individual challenge.

Aspiration for leadership.
Research that combines grain price stability and capital availability in the context of entrepreneurial interest is still limited, so it is hoped that later this research can provide a better understanding of how grain price stability and capital availability affect Gen-Z's interest in entrepreneurship, especially farming.Researchers are intrigued by the description provided above.understanding and knowing more about the effect of grain price stability and capital availability on the interest of gen-z in farmer entrepreneurship within the Serdang Bedagai regency.

Methods
The methodology employed in this research is characterized as quantitative research employing an associative approach.The research was carried out in the Serdang Bedagai regency, located in the Sumatera Utara province.through the distribution of research questionnaires directly to gen-Z.In this study, researchers made gen-Z of Serdang Bedagai regency as the study population, the number of the study population is unknown.The researchers selected a sample of 96 participants through the application of the Rao Purba formula and used purposive sampling as the sampling technique.The sample criteria in this study are as follows 18 -26 years old and domiciled in Serdang Bedagai regency.
After collecting all data from respondents, according to [12], Data analysis involves the systematic collection, categorization, examination, and presentation of data in a comprehensible format.Researchers utilize various approaches to multiple linear regression analysis to determine the impact of independent variables on a singular dependent variable.To validate a hypothesis in this study, it is essential to perform preliminary tests such as the T-test for partial examination and the F-test for simultaneous examination, ensuring the credibility of the hypothesis.

Multiple linear regression analysis
The regression test findings indicate that the model utilized in this research may be constructed as a multiple linear regression analysis.Y = 3,821 + 0,335X1 + 0,295X2 Based on the results of the multiple linear regression test presented in the above table, the corresponding equation for multiple linear regression can be articulated as follows: 1.The coefficient for the constant term of 3.821 indicates that when the independent variables, price stability (X1) and capital availability (X2), are both set to zero, the value of entrepreneurial interest (Y) equals 3.821.2. The regression coefficient for pricing stability (X1) stands at 0.335, signifying that with each 1unit increment in X1, the entrepreneurial interest (Y) variable is expected to rise by 0.335.The positive coefficient implies a direct association between the pricing stability variable (X1) and entrepreneurial motivation (Y).As X1 increases, Y is also anticipated to increase.3. The regression coefficient for capital availability (X2) is 0.295, indicating that for every 1-unit increase in X2, the entrepreneurial interest (Y) variable is projected to increase by 0.295.A positive coefficient suggests a direct relationship between the capital availability variable (X2) and the entrepreneurial aspiration variable (Y).As X2 increases, the value of Y is also expected to increase.The conclusions drawn from the T-test results in the aforementioned table are as follows: 1.In the comparison between the pricing stability variable (X1) and entrepreneurial interest (Y), a tvalue of 4.677 was obtained, exceeding the critical value of 1.985.The significance level of 0.000 is below the threshold of 0.05, indicating a statistically significant relationship.Furthermore, the regression coefficient value is 0.335.These results suggest that the pricing stability (X1) variable has a statistically significant and positive influence on the entrepreneurial interest (Y) variable.
Based on these findings, Ha1 is affirmed.2. The capital availability variable (X2) significantly impacts entrepreneurial interest (Y), as evidenced by a t-value of 6.292, surpassing the critical value of 1.985 at a significance level of 0.000, which is less than the threshold of 0.05.The regression coefficient value for this association is 0.295.These results indicate that the variable representing the availability of funds (X2) has a positive and statistically significant effect on the variable representing entrepreneurial interest (Y).
Based on these findings, Ha2 is validated.

Simultaneous test (test F).
The calculation of the f-table value depends on specific conditions, which include: Numerator Degrees = k -1 = 3 -1 = 2, Denominator Degrees = n -k = 96 -3 = 93.The f-table value derived from these conditions is 3.09.The outcomes of simultaneous tests (F-test) conducted using Statistical Software will be displayed in the subsequent table: Based on the data processing outcomes presented in the above table, it is apparent that the obtained F-value is 33.503, surpassing the threshold of 3.09.Moreover, the significance value of 0.000 is below 0.05.These results suggest that the independent factors, namely price stability (X1) and capital availability (X2), have a concurrent impact on the dependent variable, especially entrepreneurial desire (Y).These data indicate that Ha3 is approved.

Test coefficient of determination (test R2). The study below reveals that:
1.There is a strong correlation (R = 0.647) between price stability (X1) and the availability of capital (X2) about entrepreneurial interest (Y).This indicates that these variables are closely related, with a 64.7% association level.2. With an Adjusted R Square value of 0.406, it signifies that 40.6% of the variability in entrepreneurial interest (Y) can be elucidated by the variables of pricing stability (X1) and capital availability (X2).The remaining 59.4% of the variation is influenced by factors not considered in this research model.

Discussion
This shows that the price set by brokers for grain sold by farmers affects the instability of grain prices.In addition, imports, which are interpreted as the entry of similar commodities from abroad, make farmers' grain prices cheaper and not by production prices, to affect Gen-Z's interest in farmer entrepreneurship.In addition, the quality of grain produced by farmers is ultimately not by the expected price, because for the planting process, Farmers need to invest a significant amount of funds in purchase fertilizers to harvest wages but the selling price does not match the total cost of planting.Based on the data obtained, as many as 45% of respondents agreed that they were not interested in becoming farmers, because the quality of grain did not match the selling price.This shows that Gen Z feels it is not worth selling grain at a low price while the production price is quite high.This indicates that the variable Grain Price Stability (X1) exerts a positive and noteworthy impact on the variable of Farmer Entrepreneurial Interest (Y).The predominant indication in this research is the capital structure with respondents' answers about having enough own capital to start a business with a percentage strongly agreeing with 51.5% and agreeing with 27.3% and a statement stating that feeling that using borrowed capital can help to run a business better with a percentage agreeing with 51.3% even 30.3%strongly agreeing with the statement submitted.The percentage of gen-Z answers indicates that capital structure is the most powerful factor in helping to start an agricultural business.This is due to the high cost of renting land or buying land, as well as the uncertainty of fix costs and variable costs from planting to harvesting.This indicates that the Capital Availability variable (X2) exerts a positive and noteworthy impact on the Farmer Entrepreneurial Interest variable (Y).
The concurrent hypothesis tests resulted in a correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.647, signifying a robust connection among the variables Grain Price Stability (X1), Capital Availability (X2), and Farmer Entrepreneurship Interest (Y).This relationship is characterized as strong, with a correlation of 64.7%.The Adjusted R Square value of 0.406 indicates that 40.6% of the variability in Farmer Entrepreneurial Interest (Y) can be accounted for by the variables Price Stability (X1) and Capital Availability (X2).The remaining 59.4% is influenced by factors not considered in this research model.
The effect of grain price stability and capital availability on Generation Z's interest in entrepreneurship as a farmer in Serdang Bedagai Regency can be seen from several aspects.Grain price stability affects Generation Z's interest in entrepreneurship, whereas low grain prices can reduce Generation Z's interest in farming.In addition, the availability of capital also plays a vital role in increasing Generation Z's interest in entrepreneurship because farming capital and skill development are essential factors that can attract Generation Z's interest in agriculture.In addition, agricultural digitalization is also essential in increasing agricultural productivity and can attract young people, including Generation Z, to engage in the agricultural sector.Therefore, initiatives to enhance the

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Why Gen-Z doesn't want to be farmers.

3. 1 .
Classical assumption test 3.1.1.Normality test.The examination produced a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test result of 0.200.To establish normal distribution, the value should surpass the specified threshold of 0.05, as per the criteria.The data acquired in this research demonstrate a normal distribution and meet the prerequisites of the normality test.

3. 1 . 3 .
Heteroskesdasticity test.The study's findings indicate that the data points are widely dispersed and lack a discernible pattern.The data points are distributed above and below the zero values, indicating a random scattering pattern.There are no signs of heteroscedasticity in the regression model employed in this study.

Table 1 .
Normality test.According to the study, in Table2below, the Tolerance value for the price stability and capital availability variables is 0.993, indicating a value larger than 0.10.The VIF value is 1.007, indicating a value less than 10.00.These results indicate the absence of multicollinearity, and the regression model is deemed viable and suitable for regression equations.
a. Dependent Variable: Entrepreneurial Interest

Table 3 .
Multiple linear regression analysis.
a. Dependent Variable: Entrepreneurial Interest