Food estate management strategy in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra Province

Food Estate is the concept of developing agricultural production on a wide scale, as an effort to create national food security by extensifying land as a form of large-scale agriculture that relies on the agricultural industry. Data were obtained from questionnaires through the Purposive sampling method, identification of internal and external factors can be carried out so that a food estate management strategy can be formulated using a SWOT analyst. Based on internal factors, the most important strength is the commitment of off-takers (cooperation, use of certified seeds, production targets, demplot, farm business analysis, and drip irrigation systems) with a score of 0.43, and the use of technology and increasing public knowledge about the horticultural system with a score of 0.43. While the variable that has the highest weakness is that land cannot be traded with a score of 0.42. The results of an external analysis obtained the opportunity variable with the highest value, namely the production cost borne by the off taker, and the agreed crop price between the off taker and farmers with a score of 0.44, and then external variables in the form of threats, namely pests and high rainfall with a score value of 0.42.


Introduction
Activity pThe program to increase national food supply through the development of integrated areas based on national strategic project programs has received support and various facilities based on [1].As Districts selected as locations for national strategic projects in development as food granary is Humbang Hasundutan Regency.In this area food estate has started its implementation since August 2020.In 2020, the development of an area of 225 hectares has been carried out, consisting of 215 hectares in one stretch in Ria-Ria Village, that is production shallots 105 acres, garlic 55 acres and potatoes 55 acres), as well as 10 hectares (onions 3 hectares, garlic 3 acres, and potatoes 4 hectares) in the R&D Experimental Garden Agriculture, Gur-Gur Toba Samosir Regency.
The Area of Interest (AoI) of North Sumatra food estate development is targeted to reach 60,961 hectares with 12,790 hectares of land ready for use with the status of Convertible Production Forest (HPK), covering 4 (four) districts, namely Pakpak Bharat, Humbang Hasundutan, North Tapanuli, and Central Tapanuli.The year 2021 will focus on completing the development of an area of 1,000 hectares in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, of which 785 hectares will be managed by private investors/ or IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1302/1/012103 2 businesses.The status of land in the 1,000-hectare area is Other Use Areas (APL) that are customarily owned by local communities [2].
Food issues are one of the priorities in terms of access, provision, and smooth food supply chain from upstream to downstream.Population growth drives increased food demand, accelerated production and price stability as well as food availability.This is related to food stabilization and the carrying capacity of the agricultural sector [3].Other things that affect food security are food availability, stability and access [4].The problem of food crisis still occurs in Indonesia, this becomes very contradictory considering Indonesia as the largest agricultural country in Southeast Asia [5].In 2021, Indonesia has a Global Hunger Index ranked 73rd out of 116 countries, with a population experiencing food shortages of 22.9 million and a prevalence rate of undernutrition of 8.49% of the population [6].In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on food security, including nutritional adequacy [7].In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on food security, including nutritional adequacy [8].
The basic concept of Food Estate is the fulfillment of food and nutrition needs for the community as a prerequisite for achievinga level of health and welfare.Asan important matter of the quality of human resources [9].Prevent and treat stunting [10].Morefocused on formulating strategies for the development and management of national food commodities [11].The food can be allocated and processed to meet the actual intake [12].The purpose of Food Estate is to build an integrated agri-food area in North Sumatra Province as a national food granary.The aim of Food Estate is to build an integrated food farming area in North Sumatra Province as a national food barn.
The factor causing the failure of the food estate program is the lack of planning.This can be seen from the allocation of food estate land which is not calculated in detail, so that the harvest is not as expected.The use of converted forest areas as food estate land also raises environmental problems.Nor does it pay attention to the socio-economic aspects of the local community.In the end, it causes conflicts, especially regarding land rights and land rights.The factor causing the failure of the food estate program is lack of proper planning.This can be seen from the allocation of food estate land which is not taken into account in detail, so that the harvest results are not as expected.The use of converted forest areas as food estate land also causes environmental problems.It also does not pay attention to the socioeconomic aspects of the local community.In the end, this causes conflict, especially regarding land rights and rights to natural resources.The factor causing the failure of the food estate program is lack of proper planning.This can be seen from the allocation of food estate land which is not taken into account in detail, so that the harvest results are not as expected.The use of converted forest areas as food estate land also causes environmental problems.It also does not pay attention to the socio-economic aspects of the local community.In the end, this causes conflict, especially regarding land rights and rights to natural resources.
Cooperation is needed between the central government, local governments, and with the private sector and mass media as an effort to support food security [13].Thisis a step in maintaining the availability and stability of food prices, so that production facilities can be maintained until consumption runs well [14].Because, populationgrowth as the main reason for increasing food needs [15].
Answering these problems, it is necessary to formulate a policy strategy in the context of food estate management.In supporting this research, the SWOT strategy analysis method is used in the aspect of food estate management.

Time and location of research.
Implementationfrom September to October 2021.Located in the village of Ria-Ria.

Data collection techniques and data types.
Community farmers who participated in managing the food estate project and from government representatives representing related agencies as respondents.Ampelous is taken intentionally (purposive sampling).It is taken by survey method through questionnaires and in-depth interviews with respondents which will later be analyzedby SWOT.

Data analysis.
The use of a SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats [16].From each of the components already known, it can be used to draw up strategies and management methods.The final result of analysis in the form of this strategywill later determine the sustainability of food estate management in Humbang Hasundutan.

Identification of internal and external factors
SWOT, as a useful strategic analysis to increase and maintain strength also expands opportunities.In addition, the results of the analysis can also be used to reduce weaknesses and also reduce threats that are being and will be faced.Based on the results of interviews with food estate farmers in Ria-ria village and representatives of agencies involved in the food estate management program, several internal variables were obtained as shown in Table 1.Based on internal measurements, strength indicators come from within the environment itself.Variable internal strength with the highest score value is the commitment of off taker (cooperation, use of certified seeds, analysis of farming, and drip irrigation system), and the use oftechnology and increase public knowledge about horticultural systems, which is 0.43.Meanwhile, there is assistance in each farmer group, which is 0.29.The results of the evaluation of internal variables of weakness such as land cannot be traded have the highest score value of 0.42.The lowest score is the variable of limited capital and access of 0.25.From Table 2, the relative odds that have the highest score are the production borne by the off taker, and the agreed crop price between the off taker and the farmer with a score of 0.44.  2 as a negative external factor, threats are conditions that tend to threaten the sustainability of food estate management.The external threat variables that had the highest scores were hama variables and high rainfall of 0.42.The external threat variable that has the lowest value is the use of food commodities which is increasing by 0.26.

SWOT diagram
Based on the difference in the number of internal element values, namely 1.975904 -1.650596 = 0.325308, and the difference in the number of external element values is 2.1052 -1.52606 = 0.57914, it can be determined the SWOT diagram arrangement as presented in Figure 1.From the d iagram, it is known that the management of this food estate is in quadrant 1.The position in quadrant 1 occupies the SO strategy, which gives the understanding that food estate management is in a favorable situation or is in an aggressive position.This shows that the food estate management program, although facing various threats, and weaknesses, has a huge opportunity, namely by utilizing existing strengths for long-term management.

SWOT matrix
The SWOT matrix explains ini detail how its strengths anda weaknesses in food estate management can be adjusted to oppurtunities and threats.Based on the SWOT diagram, the results of the food estate management position were obtained is located in Kwadran 1, show in Table 3.
Strategy (SO) this can be obtained through: 1) The support and role of the government and the commitment of off takers, and 2) increasing production targets.Government support in food estate management by seeing that this program is included as a national strategic project.The government/food estate manager has the obligation to provide permits (lingkungan and KKPR), land mapping, and certification of farmers' land; first season land clearing (for new openings at 750 Ha); irrigation and agricultural access roads; agricultural tools and machinery (alsintan) / mechanization, farmer assistance, and digitalization.Meanwhile, off takers have the obligation to provide assistance / counseling for farmers at least 1 person for every area of 20 hectares; operational procedures and cultivation standards according to GAF and cultivation-post-harvest timeline; provision of quality seeds and paid by farmers after harvest (minimum 50 Ha); buying/absorbing crops with a forward / contract scheme.
WO Strategy.The ability to overcome weaknesses by taking advantage of opportunities.This can be generated through: 1) Coaching food estate management techniques; 2) increase the number of soilcertifications; 3) Quality human resources.The purpose of developing food estate management techniques is to improve the quality, quantity, and sustainability of food estate results.Increase the number of land certifications by encouraging land-owning farmers to apply for certification gratis to the National Land Agency, provided that it is not transferable but can be inherited by their descendants; land use status for agriculture only; land must be cultivated immediately within the stipulated period; Mandatory cooperation with offtakers appointed by the government.Quality human resources become the basic capital of food estate management can be done through training, comparative studies and so on.In addition, there are land cases with details: core/management agency (20%) and plasma/landowner farmers (80%).ST Strategy.The ability to avoid or mitigate threats with the power that food estate managers have.This can be done, among others: 1) expansion of food estate land; 2) increasing and utilizing the use of food technology; 3) mastery of pest control techniques.Land conditions that have been harvested several times (more fertile), require relatively lower cultivation costs.In addition, the harvest obtained can reach 1-2 kg / plant or at least 24 tons / Ha assuming at least 1 Ha planted with 24,000 potato plants.Expansion of food estate land through the acceleration of the land development process up to 1,000 Ha to optimize cultivation in 2021 with the partnership of Farmers and Investors / Off-takers.In addition, land clearing will only be carried out if there is an offtaker who enters with the plasma core scheme.Efforts to increase and utilize the use of food technology, the need for support from the domestic Alsintan industry, the most significant such as tractors and spare parts to workshop equipment, drip irrigation devices, and harvesting equipment that can streamline cultivation costs by a total of 20-30%, as well as post-harvest.In addition, mastery of pest control technology through research and University by developing superior local seeds; development of Alsintan (agricultural system tools); post-harvest technology for the agricultural processed industry; development of farmer human resources / Capacity building.
WT Strategy.The ability to survive by reducing the level of weakness and the ability to avoid threats.Its application can be done through the application of post-harvest management techniques for the agricultural processed products industry and as an added value and diversification of yields.

Sustainability of food estate program
The Food Estate program built in North Sumatra Province is not the first Food Estate program built in Indonesia because there have been similar programs inKalimantan and Papua.This program has also involved various stakeholders ranging from the central government to local governments as an integrated Food Estate program involving private parties (off takers) as investors [17].Problems that arise in the field and become one of the important activities are thedevelopment of irrigation systems, which were originally designed by making irrigation systems.But because of the bumpy condition of the land contour so that a redesign was carried out by making a pipanization system that spread to farmers' lands.It is expected that the predictivity of food crops can increase with the improvement of the irrigation system.
Post-harvest activities from onion and potato commodities carried out by farmers have no shelter, resulting in a decrease in quality.Therefore, off takers build warehouses to store farmers' crops by placing them in several blocks of planting areas.Off taker's commitment in helping farmers by providing superior seeds, fertilizers, machinery, and agricultural equipment so as to improve the quality and quantity of production and farmer knowledge.This is important because farmers still use traditional methods in their farming.Therefore, the contribution of the agricultural and extension system approach is the development of food estate development strategies in supporting farmers.From the experience of food estate development, there are many problems faced such as climate change, socio-economic problems, environmental problemsdue to the use of forest areas as food esate land and other possible threats.All of these threats can be mitigated if integrated and sustainable planning and programs are made by involving all stakeholders involved.Food estate development is expected to contribute to the challenges of Indonesia's food needs in facing future food crises [18].

Conclusions
Food estate management in Ria-Ria village is influenced by internal and external elements.Fmain actors, internal elements of strength are off-taker commitment (cooperation, use of certified seeds, farm business analysis, and drip irrigation systems), and the use of technology and increase public knowledge about horticultural systems with a score of 0.43; And the main factor of internal weakness is that land cannot be traded by 0.42.The main factors of the external element of opportunity are the production borne by the off taker, and the agreed price of the crop between the off taker and the farmer is 0.44; and the main factor of the external element of the threat is hama and high rainfall of 0.42.The most suitable strategy for food estate management in Ria-Ria village is the SO (Strangth-Opprotunity) strategy, which is by using: 1) The support and role of the government and the commitment of off takers, and 2) increasing production targets.Some problems that have caused food estate failure in the past and recur in the present, namely related to tenure problems, immature planning, site conditions that are in accordance with crops, technology and relations between government and farmers.

References
target of high yield production has the lowest score of 0.41.Based on the data in Table

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.SWOT diagram of food estate management.

Table 1 .
Matrik IFAS (internal factor analysis summary) on food estate management.
Source: primary data processed in 2021

Table 2 .
EFAS (external factor analysis summary) material on food estate.
Source: Primary Data processed in 20213.2.Food estate management strategy

Table 3 .
SWOT matrix on food estate management.
[1] President of the Republik Indonesia 2020 Presidential Regulation Third Amendement to Presidential Regulation Concerning the Acceleration of Implementation of National Strategic Projects 109 available from: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id [2] Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republic Indonesia [DPR-RI] 2021 Report on Specific Working Visit of Commission IV of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia in the Framework