Reduce the conversion of paddy fields to strengthen food security in Dabun Gelang sub-district

This study aimed to determine how much rice field land is converted and how much rice is needed in Dabun Gelang Sub-District, Gayo Lues Regency, Aceh Province. Use ArcGIS apps and 2011 and 2019 Land Use Maps. To see the change in the conversion of rice fields to non-rice fields using the overlay technique between the two maps to obtain a map of changes in rice fields and the extent of changes. Furthermore, the rice demand in Dabun Gelang District was produced by comparing the projected number of residents in 2023, 2025, 2030, and 2033. The results showed that during the period between 2011 and 2019, there was a conversion of rice fields to settlements covering an area of 41.80 Ha (5.06%), rice fields to thickets covering an area of 0.0003 Ha (0.00%), rice fields to plantation forests covering an area of 32.25 Ha (3.91%) and rice fields to dryland agriculture covering an area of 0.001 Ha (0.00%). The projected rice demand in Dabun Gelang District in 2023 is 2,256,320 kg/person/year. In 2025, it is 2,326,400 kg/person/year. In 2030, it will be 2,501,120 kg/person/year; in 2033, it will be 2,606,080 kg/person/year.


Introduction
Almost part of the Indonesian population works as farmers.Indonesia is also an agricultural country [1,2].The total population of Indonesia working in the agricultural sector is 38,703,996 people [2].Agricultural land statistics data states that the rice fields in Indonesia in 2019 were 7,463,948 Ha [3], while the rice fields in Gayo Lues Regency were 4855 Ha spread across 11 Districts [4].The rice fields in Dabun Gelang District cover an area of 920 Ha with a yield of 3,193.7 Ha/ton [5].Paddy fields also have significant cultural and social values, especially in agricultural societies where agriculture is still essential to daily life.Traditions and knowledge about rice field management are often passed down from generation to generation.Rice fields have unique characteristics that are different from dryland farming.Water management and soil moisture are essential aspects of rice farming in rice fields.In addition, rice cultivation in paddy fields also affects local ecosystems and biodiversity.Productive rice fields will produce Rice, one of the world's most important staple crops today, where rice can feed more than a third of the human population [6].
2 However, the existence of rice paddies is alarming, and data shows that the number of land use needs in the country is increasing as technology advances.The increasing demand for land in Indonesian cities is inevitable as the population increases [7], resulting in a decrease in rice fields [8].Almost every human activity has to do with land use.Due to increasing quantity and human activities, the earth is rapidly becoming a scarce resource, so land use and land cover change (LULCC), or as earth change is called, is inevitable due to increasing numbers of people and meeting the demand for land use [9].
This research is needed because the threat of loss of rice fields will impact food needs in the future.In addition, the loss of rice fields will lead to famine that plagues the country.In addition, it will also affect the quality of human life [10].A 2015 United Nations report stated that sustainable agriculture is an effort to fulfill SDG 2, namely ending hunger [11].Research by Chappell, 2013 and Schipanski, 2016 also argues that access to food is the root cause of food insecurity that influences government policies to eradicate hunger [12,13].Therefore, this study aims to strengthen and ensure food security in the subdistrict.

Materials and methods
This research was conducted in Dabun Gelang District, Gayo Lues Regency, Aceh Province.This study used the quantitative description method-data collection techniques in the form of primary and secondary data and journals that support this study.Primary data includes direct observation of the location and secondary data from related agencies, such as BPS, the Agriculture Office, and BAPPEDA.Data  To obtain a map of rice field conversion in Dabun Gelang sub-district, use the 2011 and 2019 Land Use Maps.These land use maps are overlapped using the intersect menu in ArcGIS 10.8 applications.After the intersection is complete, the maps are merged.Furthermore, a new field was added by naming the land change type Text.Land use change was generated after using the Field Calculator by inserting " be " between Land Use in 2011 and Land Use in 2019.

Population projections
In the development planning process, especially the development of the agricultural sector, the future population is one of the considerations in the analysis.Population projection, including agricultural development, is the minimum requirement for the development planning process.One calculation method to estimate the population can use the arithmetic method, with the following formula:

Projections of rice demand
They have projected rice demand as essential in agricultural planning and food policy.This helps the government and other stakeholders take appropriate measures to manage the rice supply and ensure sufficient food availability.Projected rice demand estimates the amount of rice a population or country requires in a certain period.These projections are essential for agricultural planning, trade, and rice distribution, as well as ensuring sufficient rice availability to meet community needs.To calculate rice needs in Dabun Gelang District, Gayo Lues Regency must first know the minimum food needs of each 3 individual/year.The minimum food requirement of an individual is 320 kg/person/year.This number is the minimum standard of living usually [14].

Result and discussion
Dabun Gelang District is one of the 11 sub-districts in Gayo Lues Regency.Dabun Gelang District has an area of 444.71 km2, or 8.01% of the total area of Gayo Lues Regency [15].The percentage and area of each sub-district can be seen in Table 1.Source: [15] Land use in Dabun Gelang sub-district consists of built-up and undeveloped land.Built-up land includes settlements, while undeveloped land includes plantations, forests, dryland agriculture, rice fields, settlements, savannas, open land, and scrub, as shown in Figure 1    Overlapping land use maps in 2011 (Figure 1) and 2019 (Figure 2) using ArcGIS applications [16] resulted in a change in paddy field area to non-paddy fields.Conversion to settlements became the most significant part of 41.80 Ha (5.06%), and rice fields were converted into plantation forests covering an area of 32.25 Ha (3.91%).The rest is still under 1% for dryland and scrub farming conversion.The map of changing paddy fields to non-paddy fields can be seen in Figure 3.The distribution of rice field conversion occurs in all villages in the sub-district, and the trend of conversion patterns occurs for settlements.Badak Village occupies the top position with an area of 14.52 ha, followed by Pangur Village, which covers an area of 8.28 ha.The distribution of land use change can be seen in Table 2a and Table 2b.The conversion of rice fields also meets the needs of housing/settlements, which are increasing.This was also conveyed by Lapatandau et al. [17].Dabun Gelang District is also one of the closest subdistricts to downtown Blangkejeren, so there is a tendency to have housing in Dabun Gelang District.The development of Blangkejeren City and the strong interaction between these areas made Dabun Gelang District the target of residential development by residents [18,19].
Irawan, 2016 revealed the extent of conversion of rice fields into non-rice fields due to 3 (three) factors, namely, the development of non-agricultural activities such as housing complexes, shops, offices, and industrial areas is easier to do on paddy fields that are flatter than dry land, due to past development focused on efforts to increase rice production, economic infrastructure is more available in rice fields than dryland areas, and rice fields, in general, are closer to consumer areas or urban areas that are relatively densely populated than dry land areas which are primarily found in hilly and mountainous areas [20].

Projected population and rice needs in Dabun Gelang sub-district
BPS data states that the population of Dabun Gelang District in 2023 reached 7,051 people spread across 11 villages [21].To determine future population projections, you must first know the percentage of population growth.Referring to these data, the population growth of Dabun Gelang District is 1.55% [21].So, there will be a projection of the population for 2025 as many as 7,270 people, in 2030 7,816 people, and in 2033 as many as 8,144 people.See Table 3 below.Source: [14] Table 3 above also displays the rice needed for Dabun District to meet its people's food needs.In 2025, 2,326,400 kg of rice is needed.In 2030, it will be 2,501,120 kg, and in 2033, it will be 2,606,080 kg.Based on data on the amount of rice demand in the future obtained by considering population projections, the total land area is 920 Ha, and dry rice yield is 3,193.7 kg/ha, resulting in rice as much as 2,938,191 kg.The amount is converted to a variable constant of 0.632 produced rice, as much as 1,856,936.62kg.The status is a deficit, meaning that the amount of rice produced is insufficient to meet the food needs of the people of Dabun Gelang District.We all know that the demand for rice is increasing every year [22][23][24].
Reflecting on the situation above, extra work is needed to meet food needs in the area, which aligns with the sustainable development goal (SDG 2), namely eliminating hunger (zero hunger).There needs to be a comprehensive effort from policymakers to produce implemented solutions.Food insecurity is caused by demanding access to food [12].Talking about food security to eliminate hunger, we must look at the whole picture, such as soil fertility factors, agroecosystems, diversity, and landscape [25,26].Jennifer Blesh et al.'s research says an interdisciplinary approach is essential for sustainable agriculture and food security, as specified in SDG 2 [27].
The fundamental objectives of SDG 2 also include environmental issues (biodiversity, agricultural productivity, sustainable production systems and resilience, climate change adaptation), health, and socioeconomic factors.Sustainable development goal SDG 2 bridges disciplines with the goal of "End hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition and sustainable agriculture [27].Thus, the efforts made are to open or print new rice fields and rehabilitate degraded land [28] to support various SDGs [29].To achieve food security to support the sustainable development goals (zero hunger), also pay attention to the contribution of biodiversity [30], then also pay attention to social and institutional factors, including land ownership, infrastructure, and landscapes, so that they can more effectively support food security, environmental sustainability and decent living [31].In addition, increasing agricultural production is vital to reducing food insecurity and poverty [32].

Conclusion and suggestions
This is the first research conducted in the area, so it has not clearly illustrated the existing conditions.This study also uses spatial analysis using several map variables.Furthermore, to complete this study, it is necessary to conduct further research, such as an analysis of land suitability for rice field development and the impact of economic and social valuations of the community.This further research will produce comprehensive policies to support food security within the scope of sustainable development goals.
and Figure 2 below for 2011 and 2019.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Map of rice field conversion.

Table 1 .
Percentage and area of sub-district in Gayo Lues regency.

Table 2a .
Distribution of conversion of rice fields to non-rice fields in Dabun Gelang district in 2011 -2019.

Table 2b .
Distribution of conversion of rice fields to non-rice fields in Dabun Gelang district in 2011 -2019 (continued).