The application analysis of the eco-interior concept to My Dormy Hostel UMM as an effort to achieve environmental sustainability

Public awareness about environmental sustainability is increasing. Various approaches are being taken to address environmental issues, including in the field of interior design. One of the approaches that highlight environmental awareness and sustainability is known as eco-interior. My Dormy Hostel UMM is a pioneering hostel in Malang that utilizes repurposed containers as its primary building material. This study aims to observe the application of the eco-interior concept at My Dormy Hostel UMM, with diagnostic evaluation analysis based on the concept of eco-interior. The eco-interior concept is divided into four levels of classification: ideal situation, substantial and mild effort, and general application. The finding shows that falls under the third level of the eco-interior concept, “substantial effort”. The application of the concept is commendable but not yet considered ideal or optimal. Specifically, the ventilation system meets the standards for an ideal situation, while the space organization, material selection, and lighting systems meet the criteria for a substantial effort. Electromagnetic emissions only reach the level of mild effort, whereas water sanitation, indoor pollution, and indoor waste management are categorized as general applications. This research is expected to be a reference for evaluating the application of the eco-interior concept in the hospitality industry.


Introduction
Based on the 2022 SDG Index and Dashboard, Indonesia is ranked 82 out of 163 countries, with a score of 69.2 [1].The Sustainable Development Report (SDG Index and Dashboard) is a platform that displays global assessment data on the progress of each country in attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs).Through Presidential Decree No. 59/2017, Indonesia has committed to mainstream the SDGs into the national context, National Long-term Development Plan (RPJPN), 2005-2025: Steady law and political institution, increasing wealth and prosperity, more advanced and sustainable economic structure, and biodiversity preservation [2].The Indonesian government regrouped the 17 objectives into four pillars to facilitate implementation and monitoring, namely Social Development, Economic Development, Environmental Development, and Legal and Governance Development [3].In Environmental Development, the government has established several indicators of environmental development achievement.Some of these indicators include the percentage of regions with sustainable, resilient, and locally sourced building regulations, as well as indicators related to the amount of recycled waste generation, among others.This research becomes a part of the effort to achieve environmental 1302 (2024) 012071 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1302/1/012071 2 sustainability that contributes to Infrastructure and Sustainability as one of the main topics of SDGs in the environmental pillar.
In Lei research, Indonesia as one of nine countries in South and Southeast Asia that being observed about the environmental issue.In this research, Indonesia failed to abject the different types of environmental pollution for decades.Therefore, it is of utmost importance for Indonesia to identify the environmental sustainability-promoting mechanisms [4].Furthermore, the environmental issue in Indonesia is getting worse after the pandemic of Covid 19 [5].Moreover, Indonesia has a tropical climate directly affected by climate change.In Indonesia, climate change adaptation has placed high priority on issue such as sea level rise, extreme weather events, and threats to ecosystems.Indonesia is developed according to need and are rarely planned.As a result, high-rise buildings and a lack of vegetation characterize the unplanned urban configuration, raising outdoor temperatures [6].Therefore, Indonesia needs to have building and interior that well-planned which can contribute to solve the climate change issue, and my dormy hostel as one effort in this issue.
In this research, this building also contributed to the target of the sustainability of the company in Indonesia.As mentioned by Jati, a company must be able to meet the Triple P button, namely Profit, People, and Planet that can be found in the sustainability report.The sustainability performance in company recently being assessed using the PROPER scale which is generally not optimal (gold category).Now it is in the blue category (two levels below the gold category).Then, he recommends that The Indonesian government must support, facilitate, and encourage companies to achieve the gold category in the PROPER scale and promote higher disclosure of sustainability reports to contribute to sustainable development [7].In this case, My Dormy Hostel UMM is indicated to supporting the sustainability performance because it uses a container as a main material building.Therefore, this research analyzed whether the interior of this hotel have already met the criteria of eco-interior.
According to the Ministry of Environment (1990), envelopment that primarily emphasizes economic aspects can be assessed based on three criteria: (1) the prudent use and conservation of natural resources, (2) the avoidance of pollution and other environmental impacts, and (3) activities that contribute to the enhancement or replacement of resources [8].One of the strategies to promote the augmentation of usable resources is through the adoption of the 3R concept, which includes the concept of reuse.In the domain of architecture, one practical application of the reuse concept is utilizing waste materials, such as repurposed containers, as building materials.This approach contributes to reducing waste and lessening the burden on the environment.Moreover, Norris also said that the use of shipping container has several advantages include robust structure, inexpensive, earthquake resistant, flexible, and waste reduction [9].
Used container materials have been utilized in urban architecture since the early 20th century [10].As mentioned on deezen.com,several notable examples of structures constructed from recycled shipping containers include the Urban Rigger by BIG in Denmark, Wye River holiday home by Studio Edwards in Australia, Parking Attendant Tower by Jonathan Barnes Architecture and Design in the USA, Carroll House by LOT-EK in the USA, Hughes Hall Porters' Lodge by Neubau in the UK, and the recently completed Stadium 974 by Fenwick Iribarren Architects in Qatar, which made its debut at the FIFA 2022 World Cup [11].Indeed, the extension of the small-space dwelling idea for more adaptable, mobile space for business uses is container building [12].Therefore, the popularity of container buildings is raised up recently, especially in Indonesia.
Numerous experts have delved into the subject of container buildings through various studies.For instance, Nadia and Laurentia Carissa conducted a study titled "Effect of the Application of Modular Container Structures on the Quality of Rooms and Corridors at Chara Hotel" in 2019 [13].Similarly, Mohammad Sahid Indraswara conducted a study entitled "Study of the Application of Modern Architecture to Container Buildings, in Converso, Semarang" [14].Furthermore, Sulistiawan et al. conducted a study titled "GBCI Greenship Assessment in the Application of Re-Use Material at Café Day N Nite Bandung" [15].
My Dormy Hostel UMM stands as one among numerous structures in Indonesia that have been constructed using recycled materials from shipping containers.Situated within the integrated campus of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM), it holds the distinction of being the first hotel in Malang City to adopt the use of recycled shipping containers for its construction.The utilization of recycled materials in the majority of the room's components contributes to its aesthetically pleasing architectural design, as it exemplifies the principles of recycling and reusing used containers.Hence, this building is important to educate people about sustainable habits.As stated in the Alimin that it sustainable building or interior can influence sustainable habit people who live there.Indeed, through interior design, it will make people familiar with the sustainable concept.It is because everyone who uses it, will sees it every day, is accustomed with it, has made it a habit, and considers it to be fundamental [16].The application of the eco-interior concept is therefore essential to raising public awareness of climate change.It is mentioned in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) that the need of each segment of society playing a part in educating and raising public awareness about climate change is mentioned in UNFCCC mandate, particularly in Article 6 [17].Therefore, spreading awareness and enhancing climate change literacy are two actions that can be made to lessen the effects of climate change.Even educating people about this is a crucial goal for conducting [18].
Since it is the commercial place, when it attracts a lot of people to come, it will indirectly teach them to care about the environment.Hence, recently My Dormy Hostel UMM is popular among young people, therefore it would be possible to spread and influence sustainable habit to them.Since having a good literacy on climate change issues, they may be more motivated to participate and play an important role in efforts to reduce the impact of climate change [19].Because, the younger generation, or millennials, have been growing in number in Indonesia.They are crucial to the success of initiatives to protect the environment on social media and in the fight against climate change [20].Therefore, it will impact a lot when they just sharing photo or video to social media about this container building.
This research was measured the percentage of the ecological concept in the building.Hence, there is currently no research examining the sustainability application of My Dormy Hostel UMM concerning interior design.Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to assess whether My Dormy Hostel complies with sustainability standards, with particular emphasis on the eco-interior requirements.The intention is to enhance public awareness about the implementation of the eco-interior concept and gain insights into how this concept is specifically employed at My Dormy Hostel.

Materials and methods
This descriptive qualitative employed evaluation analysis (diagnostic) based on the concept of ecointerior [21].Data were collected through Field observation and documentation from January to July 2023.The observation activities involved observing and describing the implementation of the ecointerior concept (space organization, material selection, lighting system, ventilation system, water sanitation, indoor pollution, electromagnetic emission, and indoor waste management) in the interior design of My Dormy Hostel UMM (took several rooms that represented the entire space of My Dormy Hostel UMM include the lobby, Container Cafe, and spectrum double rooms).Furthermore, documentation was carried out by photographing every internal space of My Dormy Hostel UMM using a camera to accurately depict the field conditions.To ensure data accuracy, interviews were conducted with the hostel manager and supplemented with literary analysis [21].

Analysis of the application of the eco-interior concept at My Dormy Hostel UMM
3.1.1.Space organization.At My Dormy Hostel UMM, there are four designated zones: the public, semi-private, private, and service spaces.The public space of My Dormy Hostel consists of the reception lobby, café container, and semi-outdoor space.Specifically, the lobby functions as the semi-private area, while the visitor rooms, offices, and multipurpose rooms are categorized as private spaces.The spatial organization employed by My Dormy Hostel UMM follows a linear style, where containers are stacked parallel to one another to optimize the arrangement of the space.
My Dormy Hostel UMM is located on a downhill road, oriented in a north-south direction as per observation.The My Dormy Hostel UMM structure faces in line with the openings and the direction of the sun and air circulation.The primary entrance of the building faces south.Notably, the distinctive feature of the space has been adapted to ensure smooth traffic flow, enhance accessibility, and align with the path of the sun's circulation.

Material selection.
At My Dormy Hostel UMM, nearly every building component utilizes used shipping containers as the primary material.In addition to repurposed containers, other materials such as glass, iron, wood, and locally sourced materials are also employed.The flooring consists of vinyl, homogenous tile, and ceramic materials.The walls predominantly consist of repurposed container material, while in certain rooms, glass elements have been integrated to serve as ventilation.For the ceiling, construction materials derived from recycled shipping containers are covered with gypsum board.Furthermore, the hostel's furniture and various other items are crafted using local resources, including MDF (Medium-Density Fiberboard), iron, and wood.3.1.4.Ventilation system.Both natural and artificial ventilation were utilized in the lobby room.A living window made of glass and aluminium was strategically positioned on the west wall of the container building.The Container Café area, being semi-outdoor, benefited from excellent air circulation.Moving on to the Spectrum Double room area, both natural and artificial air conditioning technologies were implemented.The natural ventilation system incorporated living window vents made of aluminium and glass on the side of the container building wall.Additionally, artificial ventilation in the form of air conditioning was also available to ensure optimal comfort for guests.
3.1.5.Water sanitation.At My Dormy Hostel UMM, artesian wells provided pure water.The clean water from these wells was stored in tanks and then distributed through a plumbing system to locations requiring clean water.However, no water-saving measures, such as rainwater collection for future use in creating clean water, were implemented at My Dormy Hostel UMM.As for wastewater disposal, a bio septic tank with six filter tanks was employed as the disposal system at My Dormy Hostel UMM.Thanks to the utilization of this bio septic tank, the hostel's wastewater complied with the standards for a WWTP (Wastewater Treatment Plant).
3.1.6.Indoor pollution.In the lobby area, My Dormy Hostel UMM utilized ecologically friendly materials, such as timber furniture and furnishings, to mitigate indoor pollution.Furthermore, the implementation of a natural ventilation system in the area was an endeavor to preempt indoor pollutants.This system made use of fresh air from multiple window vents, enabling direct exchange with new air without contamination.As a result of the excellent natural air circulation in the Café Container area, concerns regarding indoor air pollution from activities such as cigarette smoke were not an issue.To prevent indoor pollution, strict non-smoking regulations were enforced in the room area.However, guests were permitted to smoke on balconies in rooms that had them.3.1.7.Electromagnetic emission.My Dormy Hostel UMM took measures to reduce electromagnetic emissions by installing multiple electrical safety devices.In the lobby area, safety or electrical cable coverings were employed.Additionally, an MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) box was situated near the sink in the lobby, serving as part of the electrical safety system.Moreover, this safety system, in the form of an MCB box, was not only present in the lobby area but also in the spectrum double type room.By utilizing natural lighting and natural air conditioning in the lobby area and Container Café, My Dormy Hostel effectively curtailed its electrical energy consumption.
3.1.8.Indoor waste management.At My Dormy Hostel, three areas that generate daily waste are the hostel rooms, the Container Café, and the lobby.The types of waste produced include preparation waste from the kitchen, guests' leftover dishes, and general waste from hotel room bins.Notably, the waste is not sorted into organic and inorganic categories.Instead, there is only one trash can provided for each room.Subsequently, the collected waste from these areas is transported, disposed of, and sorted at the UMM TPS (Waste Disposal Site).

Conclusion
My Dormy Hostel UMM has made efforts to incorporate the concept of eco-interior as part of the environmental sustainability.The endeavours could be categorized into four levels: ideal situation, substantial effort, micro efforts, and general application.The air conditioning system is considered at the ideal situation level.Meanwhile, space organization, material selection, and lighting systems are at the substantial effort level.Electromagnetic emission is at the micro effort level while water sanitation, indoor pollution, and indoor waste management are at the general application level.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Sun path diagram analysis of My Dormy Hostel.

Figure 4 .Figure 5 .
Figure 4. Garbage bins at My Dormy Hostel UMM.The classification of eco-interior design concept application in My Dormy Hostel UMM

Table 1 .
General analysis of eco-interior at My Dormy Hostel UMM.