Fishing industry potential as resources broiler feed’s fishmeal from bycatch in Teluk Nibung, Tanjung Balai

Tanjung Balai was the sources of fish production in north sumatera, Indonesia. Total fisheries production in Tanjung Balai City more than This study aims to describe the potential of areas on the east coast of North Sumatera. This research method used survey, descriptive analysis from quantitative data which the calculation of fish population, rendement and proximate test. Proximate tests such as protein, fiber, fat, water and ash. The results showed that Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (head), Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (offal) and mix (head and offal) have different results rendements. Protein (%) level of head; offal; mix = 45.4; 43.3; 33.0. The proximate test of Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (head), Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (offal) and mix (head+offal) can use to broiler (starter and finisher) feeds based on SNI standards. The one warehouse for 3 highest catch periods was produced 1,904 tons of Upeneus sulphurous fish, 587 tons of waste and 38 tons protein. Teluk Nibung have fishmeal potentials to broiler feed.


Introduction
Indonesia were imported fishmeal caused domestic products unable to fulfill feed.Due of its scarcity and high cost in relation to other feed ingredients, fishmeal is imported from Vietnam and Thailand.The feed business employs imported fishmeal and needs a steady supply of raw materials.This necessitates taking proactive measures to supply affordable, superior, consistently available, and non-competitive alternative animal feed.Feed industries continuous to supply imported fish meal [1].North Sumatra has a potential for optimal utilization of fish resources.The three main fishing ports in North Sumatra are Belawan, Tanjungbalai and Sibolga.
Tanjung Balai have fisheries potential and the majority of the economy supported by fisheries products.Total fisheries production in Tanjung Balai City was 40,060 tons (2019), 65,280 tons (2020) and 1,441 tons (2021) [1].Fishmeal productions were by product and fish protein sources to livestock [2].
Fish waste is used as a feedstuff.Using fishmeal as a component of chicken feed, such as for broiler chickens.This can be attributed to the high nutritional value of fishmeal.Fish waste flour has the following composition: 15.04% water, 2.98% crude fiber, 9.54% fat, 18.73% ash, and 53.62% protein.
According to SNI standards, the nutritional composition is relevant to the requirements of broiler chickens [3].
Fish captured by fisherman are offered for sale at a number of fish auctions (TPI) in Tanjungbalai City, Teluk Nibung.The fish are chosen or arranged here based on the preferences of customers.Fish that are in good physical shape will be shipped both domestically and overseas.Fish waste, such as tiny, unhealthy, and economically worthless fish, is a result of the fish selecting process.The meatball industry uses fish flesh for their products.Fish such as Upeneus sulphureus are frequently processed.Parts of the head and offal are waste products of this fish processing industry.Fishmeal plants in Tanjungbalai City and trash collectors purchase the waste.

Materials and methods
This research was conducted in Teluk Nibung, Tanjung Balai on May-July 2023 in the fish processing industry which produced wastes.Research parameter were fish population, rendement and proximate test.Rendement such as head and offal was analysed to determine the total amount of all unused fish parts that will be processed further.
Proximate analysis have to determined the nutrient such as protein, fat, fiber, water and ash.The proximate test was conducted at Medan Industrial Research and Standardization Center Laboratory.The samples were Upeneus sulphureus's fishmeal (head), Upeneus sulphureus's fishmeal (offal) and mix (head and offal).
After the samples were collected, the fish waste was ground for further testing.The process of pressing fish waste into fishmeal in this study is as follows: a. Taking fish waste.
Fish head and offal waste obtained from a fish processing business as much as 8 kg.b.Washing.
Fish waste is washed using running water to remove dirt and blood.c.Steaming.
Before steaming, the head and offal waste is weighed first to find out the fresh weight after that, it is put into a boiler that has been filled with water for 30 minutes on the stove.After cooking, the waste is drained and dried in the sun for 1 day.d.Drying.
Waste fish heads and offal are then placed on a tray and dried using an oven for 2 hours at 120°C.e. Grinding.
Before the grinding, the waste of fish heads and offal is weighed first to determine its dry weight, then ground using a blender.f.Sifting.
After the sample is blended, then sifted until smooth and the part that is not smooth is blended again and repeat this stage.g.Packaging.
Fishmeal that has been weighed is packed in plastic and then given silica gel so that it is durable and does not cause mold.

Results and discussion
The fish storage (warehouses) located in Teluk Nibung, Tanjung Balai.These warehouses were stored fish from bycatch and sorted according to consumer demand.This selection process from fish to waste which generally consists of small fish with low economic value.The fish are sent to processing to made meatballs and export product.The waste was sold as feeds and fishmeal factories in Tanjung Balai City.
The type of fish processed as raw material for fishmeal is Upeneus sulphureus, which produces the most head and offal from cutting.Teluk Nibung has 47 fish storage warehouses.These fish storage warehouses are places where fish from the sea are collected by fishermen.In this place, fish are selected or sorted according to consumer demand.Fish with good physical condition will be sent to the city and abroad to be traded.From the sorting process, it will produce fish waste, which is generally in the form of fish with poor physical condition and small fish with low economic value.

Rendement and fishmeal potential as feed compositions
Rendement is the amount of weight per part of fish obtained from each fish (head and offal) [4].The rendement results explain that fish heads and offal can utilized to fish processing at Tanjung Balai city.The highest Upeneus sulphureus bycatch in March, April and May were [1,367; 1,448; 2,897] kg and mix were 3,227 kg, 1,033 kg and 2,508 kg.The proportion of Upeneus sulphureus's parts consisted of 66.54% offal, 60.86% head and 64.90% body.The data showed that Upeneus sulphureus (head) was 66.54% of the total weight.The data from 3 period was 5,172 kg (total), ± 1,904 kg/period and 587 kg (head).Upeneus sulphureus (offal) obtained was 60.86% and 291 kg (offal) and total (head + offal) 758 kg.
The types of fish used as raw materials for fishmeal are Upeneus sulphureus and mixed fish.The fish is the meat taken for the production of fish balls while the head and offal will be processed into fishmeal.The slaughtering activity is carried out in a fish processing business located in the Bagan Asahan area, Teluk Nibung, Tanjungbalai City, which will produce fish waste (head an offal) every day.
Processing technique might have an impact on rendement.In the drying process, using high temperatures might cause more water in food to evaporate, which lowers the rendement value.The freshness of the fish raw materials utilized and the grinding procedure might both have an impact on the rendement value [5].The more advantageous an investment is from an economic perspective, the higher of rendement [6].  2 showed that ash: 39.1% (mix) higher than head and offal.The SNI standards [7] state that ash level above 30%, this indicates that the result included C criteria.Drying increased the ash level when the temperature is higher because more water is released from the material.

Proximate test
Based on SNI standards [7], the A quality category with a water level of 6 -10% and B -C quality with a water level of 10 -12%.Table 2 obtained ± 2.9% (water), this showed that the water level : A criteria [7].If the water level in fishmeal is more than 10%, it causes a decrease in the quality of fishmeal because it can increase the activity of microorganisms, especially Salmonella bacteria [8].The highest fat level was 19.1% and the lowest is in the type of head and offal of mixed fish 8.4%.In accordance with SNI standards [7], maximum fishmeal fat level A criteria was 10% and B criteria was 11%.The results were still in the C criteria category, but the data of mix (head+offal) fishmeal fat level A criteria.According to [9], the quality of fishmeal is influenced by fat level.Good fishmeal has a maximum fat content of 12%.High fat level accelerates the occurrence of rancidity in flour.
The protein level obtained from 3 types of fishmeal were 40.56%, the highest level of Upeneus sulphureus's fishmeal (head) was 45.4% and the lowest in mix (head+offal) fishmeal was 33.0%.Fishmeal industries have more variaties protein levels [3]. 3 types of fishmeal in the study have protein levels lower than the SNI standard [7].The protein level of fishmeal is influenced by various factors such as the type of fish, part of the body fish and the method of processing fish waste.
The highest crude fiber level at mix (head+offal) fishmeal which average 16.6% and the lowest at fishmeal (head) was 3.3%.The type of Upeneus sulphureus's fishmeal (head) has C criteria, the maximum limit of fishmeal crude fiber level A criteria has 1.5% and B criteria has 2.5%, the Upeneus sulphurous's fishmeal (offal) and mix (head+offal) include C criteria.Crude fiber level in fishmeal (head and offal) is lower and higher (mix) than research conducted by [3] which states that fishmeal from sorted fish waste shows that crude fiber reaches 10.10%.

Broiler feed
Protein was optimized broiler growth [10].Fishmeal in broiler rations range 10-15% or 1/3 of the total ration protein [11].The total fishmeal compound value in table 3. Upeneus sulphureus's fishmeal (head), Upeneus sulphureus's fishmeal (offal) and mix (head+offal) can use to broiler (starter and finisher) feeds based on SNI [7], this was summarized that need to add another feed ingredients about crude fiber, water and ash.Fishmeal as a source of animal protein has an important position which until now is still difficult to be replaced by other raw materials when viewed from the quality.The protein content of fishmeal is relatively high [9].Compared to broiler feed based on SNI [7], there are results in Table 4.The fishmeal proximate test from several different locations in 2020, fishmeal samples have the highest protein level 58.87%; moisture level 7.20%; and protein level 7.20%.The fishmeal protein level has 44.20% (unknown spesies) [7].Fishmeal improves broiler performance, and these benefits are most noticeable at greater inclusion levels and in the middle of the growth phase [12].

Conclusions
Tanjung Balai in one warehouse for 3 highest catch periods can produce 1,904 tons of Upeneus sulphurous fish with 587 tons of waste and 38 tons protein content.For mixed fish producing 2,256 tons with 758 tons of waste and 758 kg of protein content.Upeneus sulphureus's fishmeal (head), Upeneus

Table 2 .
Proximate test results.The proximate test at the Laboratory of Standardization and Industrial Services Center Medan to determine the nutritional quality of fishmeal[2].The samples were Upeneus sulphureus's fishmeal (head), Upeneus sulphureus's fishmeal (offal) and mix (head and offal).The result of fishmeal proximate test was presented in the Table2.Table