Effect of block feed supplementation based on palm oil sludge for Bengkulu local cattle (Kaur Cattle) on the dry matter and organic matter digestibility of rations

The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility of the ration supplemented with block feed made from palm oil sludge (solid) to Kaur cattle. Palm oil sludge was substitute for rice bran in the commercial block feed fomula namely “Sakura Block”. Four treatments were arranged in Latin Square Design that were the solid level in block feed. The treatments consisted of P0 = “Sakura” block feed (28% bran), P1 = block feed (14% bran + 14% solid), P2 = block feed (7% bran + 21% solid), P3 = block feed (28% solid). The results showed that there were no difference on OM consumption and production of fecal DM and OM among treatments. For DM consumption and DM digestibility, P1 showed the lowest (P<0.05) but among P0, P2 and P3 were no diferrence (P>0.05). For the OM digestibility, there was no a significant difference (P>0.05) among treatment. Block feed P3 (28% solid) can increase the consumption and the DM digestibility of rations.


Introduction
Kaur cattle are one of the local cattle that have been reared by indigenous people in Kaur regency, Bengkulu [1].This cattle is a wealth of livestock genetic resources (SDG-T) that need to be preserved and utilized to increase livestock production.Intensive maintenance by providing good and quality feed needs to be done.
In Indonesia, oil palm plantations are currently the primadonna, from year to year there is a fairly high increase in area including Bengkulu Province.The increase in the area of oil palm plantations has an impact on waste-production, one of which is palm oil decanter or another name is "solid".Palm oil sludge is a by-product obtained in the extraction phase of processing for palm oil [2].So far, palm oil decanter has not been used efficiently by factories, apart from being used as fertilizer, palm oil decanter is simply thrown away so that it can pollute the environment.The nutritional content of solid showed its potential as animal feed [3].Mayulu et al. [4] reported that nutrients content of palm oil sludge were 81.56%dry matter (DM), 12.63% crude protein (CP), 9.98% crude fiber (CF), 7.12% Ether Extract (EE), 0.03% calcium, 0.003% phosphor and 154 kal/100 g energy.Besides, its availability were abundant and not competing with other needs.The palm oil sludge as ruminant feedstock can overcome feed problem to support ruminant productivity [5].
Block feed is feed that is shaped like blocks which functions as supplement feed which is rich in nutritional content such as protein, energy and minerals.One of them is UMMB (Urea Molasses Multinutrient Block) and Sakura block that have been commercial sale.Sakura block is an abbreviation of sago urea arenga block which is the modification of UMMB formula with local raw materials that can replace molasses, namely using leftover palm sugar [6].Jarmuji et al. [7] supplementation of Sakura block increased the digestibility of nutrient (dry matter, organic matter and crude protein), drinking water consumption and Bali cattle weight gain.
Production block feed based on palm oil sludge (solid) in this study was an attempt to modify the components of the Sakura block feed by using palm oil sludge as a substitute for rice bran.Palm oil decanter (solid) has a crude protein content that is almost the same as rice bran [8].Replacing the bran component with palm oil sludge (solid) will not reduce the digestibility of the ration.

Tools and material required
The tools used in were cages and its equipment, buckets for drinking and feeding blocks, digital scales, scales for weighing cattle live weight, scales for weighing feed, sickles, sacks, shovels, broom sticks, plastic, block feed molding tools, pans, stoves, spatulas, ovens, furnaces and stationery.
The materials used were four Kaur cattles with initial body weight of 120-180 kilogram and 1.5 years old.Feed consisted of natural grasses, concentrate consisting of cassava flour, bran, palm kernel meal.Block feed is made from palm oil sludge (solid), palm sugar, bran, sago flour, corn flour, urea, salt, TSP, mineral mix, top mix and water.
The production of block feed adopts the technique of Jarmuji et al. [7], namely as follows, all the ingredients used are weighed according to the formula that has been determined according to Table 3. Brown sugar mixed with 20% water is heated to boiling.Block feed ingredients that have been weighed are mixed with heated brown sugar.Block feed is printed using a press, after which it is dried directly in the sun and then wrapped in plastic wrap ready for storage.Each treatment was given for 21 days per period experiment.Daily feed intake and fecal production were recorded and weigh to measure the digestibility during the last five days of each period experiment.Feed offer and refusal were recorded to calculate the feed intake in the morning at 08.00 before being given new feed.Stool production was measured by weighing the amount of feces produced for one day starting at 06.30 until 06.30 the following day.The feces excreted by cattle are collected and weighed at 250 grams.The faecal samples were then dried in the sun and composited, then the dried faecal samples were finely ground and put in plastic for preparation of DM and OM analysis.
Samples were analyzed DM using an oven at a temperature of 105 o C for 8 hours of heating, while organic material measurements were carried out using a furnace at a temperature of 600 o C for 6 hours of burning.

Data analysis
The data were subjected to ANOVA analyzes for Latin Square 4x4.The detailed test then proceed with the Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) [9].

Consumption of ration
Consumption is one of the determining factors for the success of a livestock business.Table 4 showed that the dry matter intake of cattle supplemented block feed P0, P2 and P3 were similar (P>0.05) and P1 showed the lowest DM consumption (P<0.05).The average DM consumption of ranged from 5.08-6.97kg/head/day.The highest average value was found in P3 as much as 6.97 kg/head/day.The average DM consumption met the standard DM requirements for for cattle namely in the range of 2.7% -5.8%.According to Kearl [10], the standard nutritional requirement for dry matter rations for bulls with a body weight of 150-200 kg is in the range of 2.5-3.0%.
According There was not a significant difference (P>0.05) on OM consumption among treatments.The average yield of ration OM consumption was 4.53-4.95kg /head/day.The P2 was the highest which was 4.95 kg/head/day.The lowest OM consumption of organic matter was P0, which was 4.53 kg/head/day.The consumption of organic matter should be in line with the rations dry matter consumption.Sutardi [13] stated that organic matter was in line to dry matter.According to Tahuk et al. [14] OM consumption was effected by DM consumption.

Feces Production
Feces evaluation may provide valuable information regarding the digestion and fermentation of consumed feeds [15].There was no different on the amount of fecal dry matter and fecal organic matter among treatment (P>0.05).The production of dry matter in feces is greatly influenced by the feed consumption.The average amount of dry matter feces were2.63-2.78kg/head/day.For fecal organic matter, were 1.32-1.53kg/head/day.The highest DM and OM mean production of feces was at P0 (10% sakura block feed treatment) at 2.78 kg and 1,53 kg /head/day respectively.
The lowest production of DM and fecal OM was in treatment P1 with an average of 2.63 ± 0.23 and 1.32 kg/head/day respectively.The insignificant dry matter and organic matter of fecal production data suggests that supplementation of palm oil sludge (solid)-based block feed did not have a negative impact on the digestive process.According to Orellana et al [16] fecal chemical characteristics could predict ruminant nutritional status. .
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1297/1/012035 The average DM digestibility of block feed rations was 52.08-58.58%while the organic matter digestibility ranged from 66.27-73.21%.The digestibility value obtained from this study can be said to be quite good because it is above > 50%.Syafrudin et al. [17] stated that the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter is low if <50%.
The highest average of DM and OM digestibility were found in the P3 treatment (0% bran + 28% palm oil sludge), namely 58.58% and 73.21%.Meanwhile, the lowest digestibility values were found in P1 (14% bran + 14% palm oil sludge), at 52.08% for DM and 66.27%OM.Hambadoku and Ina [18] stated that high organic matter digestibility will result in high TDN values.This is because the higher the organic matter digestibility value, the more feed nutrient content that can be digested.Regarding to the digestibility value, supplementation of blocks feed derived from palm oil sludge (solid) can be carried out because it does not have a negative impact on the digestibility of the ration.

Conclusions
Providing P3 block feed supplement (28% palm oil sludge/solid) can increase consumption and dry matter digestibility of rations in Kaur cattle.

Table 4 .
to Puspitasari et al.[11]palatability and the balance of macro and micro nutrients in the ration influenced consumption.Apart from that, high levels of livestock consumption can be influenced by several things, namely body weight, gender, genetic factors, age, feed and Dry matter consumption, organic matter consumption, fecal production and digestibility