Growth and yield of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) due to different concentration of AB Mix nutrient and foliar fertilizer in the floating hydroponic system

Nutrient solution is one of the most essential factors in influencing the production, yield and quality of plants hydroponically. This study aimed to obtain the best concentration of AB Mix nutrients and foliar fertilizer, as well as their combination on the growth and yield of pakcoy in the Floating Hydroponic System. This research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh from February to March 2023. This study used a 3 x 3 factorial RCBD with two factors. The first factor was the AB Mix concentration (800, 1000, and 1200 ppm), and the second factor was foliar fertilizer concentration (0, 250 and 500 ppm). The AB Mix concentration had a very significant effect on the total and consumption part wet weight, and also it had a significant effect on the number, length and width of leaf at 4 WAP. The foliar fertilizer concentration had a very significant effect on total and consumption part wet weight, had a significant effect on plant height at 4 WAP. The best growth and yield of pakcoy plants was obtained with the combination of 1200 ppm AB Mix nutrient concentrations and 250 ppm foliar fertilizer concentration.


Introduction
Pakcoy is very promising and has good prospects because it preferred to consume by the community [1], because it is a good source of vitamins, essential minerals and fiber for the digestive process and cancer prevention [2].Increasing pakcoy crop production requires more land for production.In this era, the availability of agricultural land in Indonesia has narrowed because it has changed its function to development that uses many rice fields [3].
One of the innovations that can overcome the narrow land problem is the hydroponic method [4].Hydroponics is the right choice and can be applied to grow crops in limited land conditions because hydroponic cultivation does not require large land areas [5], besides that, hydroponic cultivation has an important role as a future agriculture system because it allows for planting throughout the year [6].
A commonly used hydroponic system is the Floating Hydroponic System [7].In this system, the nutrient solution is one of the most essential factors in influencing the production, yield and quality of plants.[8].The nutrients provided to plants must have an appropriate composition.If it is lacking or in excess, it will interfere the plant growth to be less than optimal [9].
The AB Mix nutrient is a common nutrient used in hydroponics system in Indonesia.Moreover, plant growth can also be encouraged by using another inorganic fertilizer complementary to the AB Mix nutrient.Sidagreen is a Liquid Complementary Fertilizer produced by Petrosida Gresik.Sida Green was applied as foliar fertilizer.Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the combination of AB Mix nutrient and foliar fertilizer as nutrients for Pakcoy plants grown hydroponically.This shows that the concentration of AB Mix nutrients has a very significant effect on leaf width, total wet weight, and wet weight consumption, and a significant effect on the number of leaves at the age of 28 Days After Planting (DAP) and leaf length, but no significant effect on plant height at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAP, the number of leaves at 7, 14, and 21 DAP, root length and the ratio of consumption part weight.
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1297/1/0120313 There was no significant interaction between AB Mix and foliar fertilizer concentration on plant height at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAP, the number of leaves at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAP, leaf length, leaf width, root length, total wet weight, wet weight consumption and wet weight ratio of consumption part.
The coefficient of variation values obtained was between 2.86% to 11.11%.The coefficient of variation is a quantity used to measure how much accuracy and a good index of research conducted.The lower the value of the coefficient of variation indicates that the accuracy of the research experiment is getting higher [10].

Growth of Pakcoy Plants due to Differences in AB Mix and Foliar Fertilizer Nutrient Concentrations
Based on the results of test F, the AB Mix nutrient concentration treatment had no significant effect on pakcoy plant height from 7 to 28 DAP, whereas the FF nutrient concentration had a significant effect on plant height only at 28 DAP.The average height of pakcoy plants treated with AB Mix and FF concentration can be seen in Table 2. Based on Table 2, the average height of pakcoy plants at the ages of 7 and 14 DAP tended to be higher in the 1000 ppm AB Mix concentration, which was statistically not significantly different from the other treatments.The average height of pakcoy plants at 21 and 28 DAP tended to be higher at 1200 ppm AB Mix concentrations of which differ not significantly from the other treatments.The growth of pakcoy plants tended to be higher at 1200 ppm AB Mix nutrient concentration although not significantly different on the average growth of plant height at all ages.[11] stated that the reason for this was that the concentration of AB Mix nutrients used was still too low so that it would inhibit plant height growth.[12] stated that the concentration of AB Mix that is most capable of producing good growth in pakcoy plant height was 1800 ppm.
Based on Table 2, high concentrations of pakcoy plants at the age of 7 DAP tended to be higher in the treatment with FF concentrations of 250 ppm, which was statistically not significant different from other treatments.The average height of pakcoy plants at the ages of 14 and 21 DAP showed that the control FF concentration treatment tended to be higher, but statistically different from other treatments.Pakcoy plants at the age of 28 DAP were higher obtained in the treatment of FF concentrations of 250 ppm which were statistically not significant different from controls, but significantly different from FF concentrations of 500 ppm.
The highest pakcoy plants were obtained in the treatment of FF concentration of 250 ppm with an average plant height of 22.33 cm, according to [13] foliar fertilizer can be absorbed easily by plants, besides that FF also has a potassium element content of 3% where according to [14] potassium elements can play a role in triggering height, and lack of potassium elements in plants can cause dwarfism in plants.
Based on the F-Test, AB Mix concentration has no significant effect on the number of leaves at 7, 14, and 21 DAP but had a significant effect on the number of leaves at of 28 DAP.FF treatment had no significant effect on the number of plant leaves at the age of 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAP.The average number of pakcoy leaves at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAP can be seen in Table 3.Based on Table 3, the average leaves number of pakcoy plants at the age of 7 and 14 DAP tends to be more in the treatment of AB Mix concentration of 1000 ppm which is statistically not significantly different from other treatments.The average number of leaves of pakcoy plants at the age of 21 DAP tends to be higher at AB Mix concentrations of 1200 ppm which are statistically different from other treatments.The average number of leaves of pakcoy plants at the age of 28 DAP was more obtained in the treatment of different AB Mix 1200 ppm nutrient concentrations against concentrations of 800 and 1000 ppm.
Based on Table 3, the average number of leaves of pakcoy plants at the age of 7 DAP tended to be higher in the control FF concentration treatment and 500 ppm but statistically different from the FF concentration treatment of 250 ppm.The average number of leaves of pakcoy plants at 14 DAP tended to be higher in the control treatment which was statistically not significantly different from other treatments.The average number of leaves of pakcoy plants at the age of 21, and 28 DAP tended to be higher in the treatment of FF concentrations of 250 ppm, but the difference was not significant compared to other FF concentration treatments.According to research [15], the number of leaves will affect the high and low values of wet weight plants, because in leafy vegetable plants, the greater the number of leaves will cause the moisture content in the plant to increase, so that the fresh weight of the plant will increase.

Pakcoy Plant Yield due to Differences in AB Mix and FF Concentrations
Based on the results of the F test, AB Mix nutrient treatment has a very significant effect on leaf width, a significant effect on leaf length and a not significant effect on root length.FF concentration has no significant effect on leaf length, leaf width and root length.The average leaf length, leaf width and root length of pakcoy plants at the age of 28 DAP can be seen in Table 4. Based on Table 4, the AB Mix concentration treatment resulted in the longest leaves at the 1200 ppm concentration treatment, which was significantly different from the 800 ppm concentration treatment but was not significantly different from the 1000 ppm concentration treatment, wider leaves were obtained at a concentration of 1200 ppm which was significantly different from the 800 ppm concentration and differed insignificantly from the 1000 ppm concentration.In root length parameters, treatment concentrations of 1200 ppm tend to be longer than other treatments but statistically differ not significantly from other concentrations.
Based on Table 4, leaf length and width tend to be longer in FF concentration treatment of 250 ppm which is statistically not significantly different from other treatments.The average root length of pakcoy plants tended to be higher in the control FF concentration treatment which was statistically not significantly different from other treatments.[16] states that plants will grow optimally if all the nutrients needed by plants are sufficient and balanced.In the parameters of number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width, AB Mix 1200 ppm nutrient concentration treatment has a better average yield of pakcoy plants than others.This is in line with the opinion [17] which states that the higher the concentration of nutrient solution, the more nutrients contained in it and will meet the needs of plants to grow in the vegetative phase, reinforced by [18] which states that the provision of adequate macro and micro nutrients can affect the number of leaf blades.This is in accordance with the statement [19] which states that the nutritional content of AB Mix has a good influence on the growth of the width of the leaves of pakcoy plants Based on the results of the F test, the nutritional treatment of AB Mix and FF had a very significant effect on the total wet weight and wet weight of plant consumption, but had no significant effect on the ratio of consumption weight.The average wet weight and wet weight of pakcoy plant consumption at 28 DAP can be seen in Table 5.
Based on Table 5, the best AB Mix nutrient concentration treatment for the total wet weight and consumption wet weight parameters was obtained at a concentration of 1200 ppm, which was not significantly different from the concentration of 1000 ppm, but significantly different from the concentration of 800 ppm.The average wet weight ratio tended to be higher obtained in the AB Mix 1200 ppm nutrient concentration treatment with a ratio of 87.40%, which was not significantly different from other concentration treatments.In the parameters of total wet weight and wet weight of pakcoy plant consumption, the best treatment was found at a concentration of 1200 ppm.This is in line with [20] which states that the provision of AB-mix nutrition can increase the average growth of wet weight of mustard pakcoy plants and reinforced by [21] which states that in general the concentration of AB Mix nutrients is directly proportional to the growth of mustard pakcoy plants, the higher the concentration given, the higher the growth of mustard plants.According to [22] a good fresh weight indicates good nutrient absorption, because the higher the weight, the more nutrients are absorbed by plants.1297  Based on Table 5, the best FF concentration treatment for total weight and consumption wet weight parameters was obtained at control FF concentrations that were statistically significantly different from FF concentrations of 500 ppm but not significantly different from FF concentration treatments of 250 ppm.The average wet weight ratio of consumption tends to be higher obtained in the FF concentration treatment of 250 ppm which is statistically not significantly different from other treatments.The treatment of 500 ppm FF concentration causes low growth of pakcoy plants because the nutrients provided are not in sufficient with their needs, causing pakcoy plants grow unproperly.
To obtain optimal nutrient efficiency, nutrients must be provided in sufficient quantities for plants.According to [23], the cause of this is that providing high levels of nutrients can risk burning hydroponic plants.If the nutrients given are above the threshold, then the leaves of the plant will turn brown, reinforced by [24] which states that if plants are given too much nutrients can cause poisoning and reduced vegetative development for plants.[25] and [26] added that plants will be less able to absorb nutrients properly if the dose or concentration is too high, so this will cause plant growth and development is not optimal and can cause death in plants.In addition to nutritional factors, [27] states that the growth of hydroponic plants is also influenced by external factors such as light intensity, temperature, CO2 and humidity received by plants.

Conclusion
AB Mix nutrient concentration has a very significant effect on total wet weight and wet weight consumption, has a significant effect on leaf width, leaf length and number of leaves at 28 DAP.The best growth and yield of pakcoy plants were obtained at 1200 ppm AB Mix nutrient concentration.Foliar fertilizer concentration has a very significant effect on total wet weight and wet weight consumption, has a significant effect on plant height at 28 DAP.The best pakcoy plant growth was obtained at 250 ppm Foliar fertilizer concentration.The best growth and yield of pakcoy plants is in the combination treatment of 1200 ppm AB Mix nutrient concentration and 250 ppm foliar fertilizer concentration.

Table 1 .
Recapitulation of the results of the analysis of variety (calculated F value) of plant growth and yield pakcoy due to differences in nutrient concentrations AB Mix and Foliar Fertilizer (FF)

Table 2 .
Average height of pakcoy plants at the age of 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAP due to differences in AB Mix and FF concentrations Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column not significantly difference at 5% level (DNMRT Test 0.05)

Table 3 .
Average number of pakcoy leaves at the age of 7, 14, 21 and 28 DAP due to differences in AB Mix and FF concentrations Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column not significantly difference at 5% level (DNMRT Test 0.05)

Table 4 .
Average leaf length, leaf width and root length of the plant pakcoy due to differences in AB Mix and FF concentrations

Table 5 .
Total and consumption part wet weight, and consumption part wet weight ratio at 28 DAP due to Differences in AB Mix and FF Concentrations Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column intangible difference at 5% level (DNMRT Test 0.05)