The formulation of community empowerment model based on dairy cattle business in Plaosan district, Magetan regency

This study aimed to formulate community empowerment model based on dairy cattle business as an effort to support the development of village milk tourism in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency. A survey method was used in this study along with quantitative descriptive analysis. Furthermore, the location and samples used were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were then collected using interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study. Primary data were derived from interviews with dairy farmers, while secondary datasets were obtained from related agencies. The data obtained were evaluated using descriptive analysis and needs analysis. The results showed that the formulation of community empowerment model aimed to improve the ability of farmers. This was achieved through counseling and training activities based on dairy cattle business and the existence of support from financial and supporting institutions. These concerted efforts were carried out to support the development of village milk tourism in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency.


Introduction
Magetan is one of district in East Java, which has a relatively high population of dairy cows.According to previous reports, the number of dairy cows within district in 2020 was 751 heads, followed by an increase to 753 heads and 1,056 heads in 2021 and 2022, respectively [1].This steady growth is indicative of the promising prospects for the industry.The favorable natural conditions of the highlands, particularly in Sarangan Village within Plaosan District, provide a conducive environment for the development of the daily cattle business in Magetan.This upward trend has the potential to increase the income of the society and optimize the standard of living.
Empowering community through engagement in dairy cattle business represents an essential initiative aimed at enhancing community's self-reliance, and fostering knowledge, attitudes, and skills within the industry.[2] stated that community empowerment was an effort to improve the quality of human resources (HR), specifically in shaping and changing people's behavior to achieve a better life and a higher quality standard of living.This empowerment strategy depends on the level of participation in development activities, including planning, implementation, and evaluation [3,4].
Community empowerment focusing on dairy farming has been extensively carried out in Magetan Regency.However, there is a pressing for further refinement to optimize these initiatives.Empowerment method comprises various facets, including coaching, training, and mentoring dairy farmers to increase their knowledge, attitudes, and skills.The success of these initiatives depends on a comprehensive assessment of community's resources in terms of physical, human, and social capital.These dimensions along with careful consideration of the inhibiting and supporting factors as well as needs play a major role.Physical capital comprises the tangible assets within the study area, including buildings, pens, animal markets, roads, and information facilities.Human capital is in the form of abilities possessed by community, such as skills, health, and the capacity to solve problems.Furthermore, the social aspect consists of the interactions occurring within the society [5].The analysis of need identification, physical, human, and social capital, as well as inhibiting and supporting factors is needed to formulate empowerment model in line with the potential of community.
Sarangan Village is one of the largest milk producers in Magetan Regency, which is known as Kampung Susu Lawu (KSL).KSL is located in Singolangu Hamlet on the slopes of Mount Lawu, leading to the designation of Singolangu as a tourist village by the Magetan Regency Government.The majority of the residents are farmers due to the large population of dairy cows that produce fresh milk.Based on the potential of Singolangu Hamlet, the government through the Magetan Regency Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Service (Disnakan) has made breakthroughs by developing and promoting KSL as an Agroedutourism Village.Therefore, this study aims to formulate community empowerment model in Sarangan Village, Plaosan District, Magetan Regency in dairy cattle business, which is incorporated in KSL Singolangu.The formulation of this model can be used as a recommendation for the development of KSL Singolangu as an Agroedutourism Village.This is expected to improve people's living standards and contribute to improving the economy of community.

Materials and methods
This study was carried out in Sarangan Village, Plaosan District, Magetan Regency from May 15-July 31, 2023.The purposive sampling method was used to determine the location and respondents, with the consideration that the location had a relatively high population of dairy cattle and was the largest producer of fresh milk in regency.The selection of the sampling method was based on certain considerations in line with the study objectives [6].
The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis and needs identification analysis.Furthermore, the quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted by collecting information, classifying data, and analyzing them by solving problems [7].The needs identification analysis was the process of identifying important needs.This assessment identified the needs of community based on dairy farming by identifying physical, social, and human capital, as well as community empowerment, thereby analyzing the supporting and inhibiting factors.Empowerment model could be determined in line with the potential of community.The analysis used a Likert scale with several categories, including good, medium, and low [8].

Characteristics of respondents
The characteristics of the respondents in this study included age, level of education, gender, and number of livestock owned.
Based on Table 1, the majority of the participants were aged 36-45 years, with a total of 14 farmers (35%).According to previous studies, the age of the respondents was included within the productive group.This was in line with a previous study by [9], which provided a range of 15-65 years.A person's age could affect the physical and mental abilities, as well as work performance.Younger farmers tended to have stronger physical and mental abilities, and were dynamic in spirit, leading to the quick adoption of new technologies compared to older farmers [10].
The education level of the majority of the participants was elementary school, with a total of 16 farmers (40%).According to [9] and [11], the dominant education levels were elementary school and junior high schools.A previous study showed that this parameter had a significant influence on the level of ability and way of thinking.Participants with a low level of education had narrow thinking power, thereby limiting their ability to adopt innovations and lowering the insight to progress, compared to others with higher education.Based on the results, most of the participants were males, totaling 37 people (92.5%).The rearing of dairy cattle was often carried out by males due to the high physical strength required.According to [12], proper handling and placement of the right work increased effectiveness and productivity as a trigger for the success of business.The majority of dairy cattle owners ranged from 1-3 with a total of 18 farmers (45%).Farmers had a relatively low number of dairy cattle due to limited capital owned by the participants.[13] stated that the number of cattle owned varied depending on the economic conditions and the ability of the participants.

Need Factor
Community needs factors in this study are presented in Table 2.The results showed that the availability of public production facilities in dairy cattle business was in the medium category.Furthermore, the availability of production facilities included the area of the stable, the number of dairy cattle, the number of other livestock, as well as access to feed and livestock equipment.
The availability and ease of access to public education facilities were included in the medium category.The availability and ease of access to educational facilities comprised the existence of school buildings and the distance to the Elementary, Junior High, and Senior High School buildings.According to [14], the provision of educational facilities could support the learning process.Ease of access to educational facilities led to the accessibility of proper and quality education.
The available communication and transportation facilities were placed in the medium category.The means of communication owned by community included ownership of a TV, cell phone/telephone, and radio.Communication tools make it easier for the public to obtain information related to dairy cow business, leading to the provision of broader insights.[15] stated that communication media was a means often used as an intermediary to communicate with one another.Advances in technology could facilitate communication with other people through telephone/cellphone and search for information using the internet.The availability of transportation facilities included road feasibility, and ownership of four and two wheels.Road feasibility in Sarangan Village, Plaosan District, Magetan Regency was relatively good but caution was needed due to the challenges associated with the road terrain.[16] stated that transportation facilities were used for the distribution of goods, livestock, or livestock products from one area to another.The education level of the respondents was included in the medium category, with junior and senior high school education.Some respondents had a low level of education, namely elementary school, and this could hinder the development of farmer empowerment through dairy cattle business in Sarangan Village, Plaosan District.According to [10], the educational level often affected the adoption of new technology, and highly educated breeders were more likely to succeed in livestock business.
The engagement in the activities of the respondent's organization was in the unfavorable category.This included the number of organizations joined, participation in decision-making at social organizations, attendance at organizational meetings, participation in summits (livestock farmer groups), and active participation in summit activities.Dairy cattle farmers in Sarangan Village were members of the Sumber Rejeki Group.Some respondents were less active in following and participating in group activities and sometimes attended group activities.According to [17], participation in groups could increase social networks.This was because thoughts, knowledge, and experiences could be exchanged through group discussions thereby providing insights.
The results of this study showed that the respondents' skills were in the good category.These skills included always being precise in identifying needs in the maintenance of dairy cattle, analyzing the threat of dairy cattle disease due to natural phenomena, using information and business opportunities for dairy cattle, sustainably meeting the needs by raising dairy cattle, and optimally using business results of dairy cattle for the future.[18] stated that counseling was an important element in improving the agricultural/livestock business.Use of information sources through counseling was believed to provide benefits in solving problems encountered.This indicated that livestock extension support was needed to support business activities.Furthermore, this was expected to have implications for changes in breeder behavior through increased knowledge, attitudes, and skills.
The imperative for community empowerment within the context of dairy cattle business development was primarily from the need for increased engagement in organizational activities.These factors were in the unfavorable category, indicating that improvements must be made to support community empowerment by motivating farmers to actively participate in organizational activities.This was expected to help them obtain useful information for the development of dairy cattle business.According to [19], motivation served as a driving force that encouraged people to work hard and enthusiastically achieve optimal results.Other factors were the availability of production facilities, availability and ease of access to educational facilities, communication and transportation facilities, and level of education and skills.These factors have a substantial impact on the overall empowerment of community.Therefore, it is important to further enhance these aspects to ensure that community empowerment was seamlessly in line with community's inherent potential.

Community empowerment model
Community empowerment model in developing dairy cattle business was determined through Focus Group Discussion (FGD).FGD was attended by representatives from the Animal Husbandry Service, group leaders, group administrators, and academics.The implementation of the FGD took into account several factors, including the demographic characteristics of farmers, supporting factors, inhibiting factors, community empowerment, and community needs.

Farmers
Based on the needs analysis, several supporting factors and community empowerment were obtained in the medium, good, and moderate categories.Furthermore, the inhibiting factors were in the moderate and poor categories, indicating that an appropriate solution was needed to answer these problems.The possible solutions included outreach, training, mentoring, and community development activities carried out by related institutions to provide support.[18] stated that counseling was a way to change a person's behavior to enhance the willingness and ability to manage business professionally and optimally.The behavioral changes often occurred through the educational process, leading to increased productivity (better farming), income (better business), and welfare (better living).According to [20] it was necessary to develop agricultural/livestock business by fostering livestock farmer groups and increasing the role of agricultural institutions in a sustainable manner.It was also important to develop the sector by optimizing the role of counseling for breeder groups.Community empowerment model is presented in Figure 1.
Based on Figure 1, community empowerment based on dairy cattle business in its development efforts produced several supporting and inhibiting factors, as well as community empowerment.These three factors were analyzed using needs analysis factors.The need identification factors in this study were in the medium, low, and good categories, namely the availability of public production facilities in dairy cattle business, the availability and ease of access to public education facilities, the availability of communication and transportation facilities, the education level of the respondents, engagement in organizational activities, and skills of respondents.
These factors were then subjected to problem-solving in the needs identification analysis.The first solution given comprised giving extension, training, mentoring, and coaching to community in dairy cattle business to improve the quality of human resources, technology, and production patterns.The second solution was to build a network with financing and supporting institutions to develop dairy cattle business in Sarangan Village, Plaosan District, Magetan Regency.These two solutions could facilitate the smooth running of community empowerment and improve dairy cattle business in Sarangan Village.

Conclusion
In conclusion, community empowerment model used in dairy cattle business development efforts comprised a comprehensive method.Furthermore, this method included providing counseling, training, mentoring, and coaching to farmers, coupled with crucial support from financial institutions and supporting organizations.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.The flow of the empowerment model in developing a dairy cattle business Information : SF : Supporting factors, IF : Inhibiting Factors, CE : Community empowerment

Table 1 .
Characteristics of respondents

Table 2 .
Factors of community needs in dairy cattle business