Analysis of livestock resources potential for the dairy cattle farming development in Plaosan district, Magetan regency

This study aimed to determine the supporting resources and identify the base sector (LQ) for dairy cattle farming development in Plaosan Subdistrict, Magetan Regency. The experiment was conducted from May to July 2023, and Plaosan Subdistrict was selected as the location due to its reputation as the “Kampung Susu Lawu” (Lawu Milk Village), a well-known tourist destination. A total of 45 dairy cattle farmers who were members of livestock groups, participated as respondents. The primary data were collected from farmers, while secondary data were obtained from relevant government agencies and institutions. The analysis was carried out using both descriptive and Location Quotient (LQ) analyses, as well as the estimation of the potential and capacity of the region for dairy cattle farming development in the Plaosan Subdistrict. The results indicated that “Kampung Susu Lawu” possessed human resources among farmers that were relatively good for dairy cattle farming development. Farmers in the area tended to be in their productive age, with an average education level of junior and senior high school, and average ownership of 3 cows with less than 10 years of farming experience. The LQ analysis showed an LQ value of 3.59, signifying it as a base region, with growth share values were 7.1 and 42.1. In conclusion, the Plaosan Subdistrict in Magetan Regency has the potential for dairy cattle farming development


Introduction
Domestic milk production in Indonesia is still below the national demand.According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the average milk production in East Java reached 23 liters per cow per day in 2021, but decreased by 6.54% compared to the previous year, contrasting with the national trend [1].Despite this decline, dairy cattle farms are expected to increase their productivity.This presents a significant opportunity to develop dairy cattle farming, as national milk production only meets 22% of the demand, providing a 78% prospect for local farmers.The dairy cattle farming development needs to consider the regional potential to support increased livestock productivity.
Regional potential analysis is a scientific assessment of all physical and non-physical resources within a particular area or region that can be further developed into specific strengths.This assessment includes socioeconomic and physical aspects such as relative and absolute location, area size, landform, topographic conditions, slope conditions, soil conditions, climate conditions, hydrological conditions, geological conditions, land use, as well as other physical conditions.
The capacity to support the development of ruminant livestock such as dairy and beef cattle plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity and achieving optimal results [2].Sumarjono et al. [3] stated that the development of cattle was accomplished by improving land potential, human resources, feed, and feeding patterns.In Rembang, Mukson et al. [4] found that factors influencing the development of beef cattle production were land area, the availability of livestock feed, labor, and capital, accounting for 92.3% of the variance.
Plaosan Subdistrict is a part of Magetan Regency and includes Singolangu, which is known for its dairy cattle production.In addition to livestock farming, the area has been developed as an ecoeducational tourist destination recognized as "Kampung Susu Lawu" (Lawu Milk Village).Consequently, the study aimed to assess the supporting resources and identify the basis sector (LQ) for dairy cattle farming development in Plaosan Subdistrict, Magetan Regency.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted in "Kampung Susu Lawu" (KSL), Plaosan Subdistrict, Magetan Regency.The data were collected from May to July 2023 and the Plaosan Subdistrict was selected as the location due to its largest livestock population in East Java, and the majority of the residents also practice dairy cattle farming.Research involving human research participants in this report has been performed based on the Declaration of Helsinki.The secondary data were obtained from relevant government institutions.The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive, Location Quotient (LQ), and Growth Share analyses.The LQ analysis formula, according to Daryanto and Hafizrianda [5], is as follows:

Growth Share Analysis
The Growth Share Analysis is used to determine the potential of a particular region [6].This approach incorporates two components, namely the growth method, which is used to identify the growth of each sector in a specific region [7], while the share analysis is employed to examine the characteristics of the economic structure [7].The share calculation is used to show the economic characteristics of a region and the variables included in the analysis are related to the population of beef cattle.In this study, the calculation method for growth share followed the procedure of Bappeda [7].

Results and discussion
The characteristics of the respondents are related to the potential of human resources, which is the primary asset for business development.In this study, the observed characteristics of the respondents included the age of farmers, gender, education level, family size, occupation, farming experience, and the population of dairy cattle owned.Age significantly plays a crucial role in determining the ability of a person to work, as there are specific limits that categorize individuals into productive and non-productive age groups.According to the Ministry of Health [8], the productive age of the Indonesian population is between 15-64 years.In this study, the majority of respondents were within the productive age range of 15-64, accounting for 98%.Based on the Indonesian Language Center, the productive age is the period at which an individual is still capable of working and producing.
The education level of individuals significantly influences the quality of their human resources, indicating the highest level of education achieved by farmers.Generally, education has a positive impact on the acceleration of regional development as it is related to the knowledge and mindset of the community.In this study, the average education level of dairy cattle farmers was junior and senior high school, categorized as a secondary education level.A sufficient level of education would facilitate farmers in acquiring skills, methods, and knowledge in their business activities.
Family responsibilities are one of the factors that affect the work motivation of an individual.Situngkir et al. [9] suggested that these often drive responsibilities household members to participate in helping the head of the family in their pursuit of income.According to Hanum [10], the greater the number of family dependents, the more effective the allocated work time, which is beneficial for business development, particularly in dairy cattle farming.The majority of the dairy cattle farmers in the Plaosan Subdistrict have a small number of family dependents, which is less than 5 people.Ahmadi and Uhbiyati [11] reported that a small family burden is when the number of dependents is <5 people, constituting 51% of the total respondents.The primary occupation is the main job that takes up the most time (BPS), providing the highest income for the worker.Rural communities often engage in secondary jobs to supplement their income.In Plaosan Subdistrict, farming served as the primary occupation for the majority of respondents, with a percentage of 69%, because the area has significant potential in the agricultural sector.Furthermore, it was identified as the main livelihood, where farmer-cattle farmers engaged in mixed farming with livestock as a branch of their business [12].Based on time allocation, livestock farming, particularly dairy cattle farming, is only accomplished before or after working in the fields.
Farming experience refers to the number of years a person has been practicing livestock farming, which is closely related to skills and abilities.Sufficient experience will make farmers more knowledgeable in selecting livestock, handling diseases, and caring for animals.Age and farming experience also influence the ability to manage livestock business effectively [13].Based on the results, 80% of respondents had less than 10 years of farming experience, which was consistent with Iskandar and Ar'fai [12], where farmers were more cautious due to their accumulated knowledge and experience.
The ownership status of livestock is divided into two categories, such as personal and communal.According to Indrayani and Andri [14], communal ownership status can affect the income of beef cattle farming, as profits are shared between the livestock owner and the caretaker based on their initial agreement.In this study, it was discovered that the majority of farmers own their livestock.Indrayani and Andri [14] suggested that personal ownership of livestock allowed for the potential to earn more profit, possessing more flexibility in terms of development.

Analysis of livestock potential
The analysis of regional potential is conducted to determine the specific capacity of a region in a particular sector, often used as the basis for regional development planning.According to Sumanto and Juarini [15], the analysis of regional livestock potential is an essential step in providing fundamental information for conceptual and future-oriented planning.

Location quontient analysis
Economic base analysis is used to determine the influence of the dairy cattle population on the economic growth of the region.The value in the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis is obtained by comparing the production value in the Plaosan Subdistrict with the Magetan Regency.The results and calculations of LQ for dairy cattle farming in the Plaosan Subdistrict are as follows.Based on the LQ calculation, dairy cattle were categorized as the base sector, as indicated by an LQ value of 3.59.The population of dairy cattle in the Plaosan Subdistrict significantly contributed to beef cattle in the Magetan Regency.A high population of dairy cattle indicated the substantial potential of the Plaosan Subdistrict.

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According to Sabana [16], an LQ value greater than 1 allows the sector to specialize in its products, creating opportunities for trade with surrounding areas.This indicates that dairy cattle are a flagship product of the Plaosan Subdistrict, serving as an initial asset for further development efforts.

Growth Share Analysis
Growth Share Analysis is used to determine the potential of a region [3].This approach incorporates two components, namely the growth method, which is used to understand the growth of each sector in a specific region [7], while share analysis is employed to examine the characteristics of the economic structure [7].In this study, the data used for this analysis consisted of the population of dairy cattle in the Plaosan Subdistrict from one year to another.The data for Growth Share analysis is presented in Table 3.  Kurniawan [6] stated that the contribution of a sector can be considered significant when the share value is more than 2. Generally, share values between 1<x<2 are considered to have a low contribution.The position of the potential beef cattle business in the Plaosan Subdistrict is presented in Figure 1.Based on the results of the Growth Share analysis using data from 2019-2020, it was discovered that the contribution of beef cattle farming in the Plaosan Subdistrict was substantial, with values of 7.1 and 42.1.According to Sukirno [17], dairy cattle commodities were considered flagship commodities due to their positive Growth Share values, indicating that both high growth potential and significant contribution.
A characteristic of flagship commodities includes the ability to drive the economy for the community, thereby increasing production, income, and expenditure.According to Siswanto et al. [18], flagship X 100 X 100 = 42,1 commodities are strategically positioned for development in a region, based on various considerations.In this study, following expert opinions, beef cattle farming in the Plaosan Subdistrict is considered suitable for further development.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study showed that dairy cattle farmers in the Plaosan Subdistrict fell within the productive age group, had a moderate level of education, and the majority owned their dairy cattle.Based on the LQ, Growth, and Share analyses, dairy cattle farming was found to be a superior sector in Plaosan Subdistrict, indicating its potential for further development.
dairy cattle in year n Tn-1 : Population of dairy cattle one year before year n NP 1 : Population value of dairy cattle in the subdistrict area NP 2 : Population value of dairy cattle in the regency area

Table 1 .
Characteristics of dairy cattle farmers in Plaosan Subdistrict, Magetan Regency

Table 2 .
Data on the population of dairy cattle and ruminant livestock in Plaosan Subdistrict Source: BPS Regency magetan, 2022

Table 3 .
Data analysis growth Share