Exterior characteristics of male Sakub sheep in the different ages and types

This study aims to determine the exterior characteristics of male Sakub sheep with different ages and types. The study was conducted on Sakub sheep contest in the Pandansari village, Brebes. A total of 134 heads of male Sakub sheep with horns (SSWH: 95 heads) and Sakub sheep without horns (SSNH; 39 heads) were collected. Both consist of two categories of rams (aged 12 month-36 months) and young rams (aged 0-11 months). Four exterior characters (skin color-SC; horn shape-HS; tail shape-TS; face shape-FS) and 3 quantitative characteristics of the shape (body weight-BW; body length-BL; and height shoulder-HS) were scored. The descriptive analysis was used to examine the data. The result showed that ram SSWH has BW=67.23 ± 15.59 kg; BL= 75.75± 6.23 cm; HS= 75.22 ± 5.17cm. The Ram SSNH has BW =62.72 ± 14.50kg; BL = 76.11 ± 5.91cm; HS= 72.39 ± 4.54cm. Qualitative results such as CS, SH, ST and SF both of them have specifications for each other. Additionally, ram Sakub sheep with horns (SSWH) has higher score compare to SSNH for height shoulder. In young ram HS, BW and BL showing not different each other’s. The correlation value between body weight with the other measurements has a positive correlation. Qualitative results explained for us SSWH and SSNH have dominant trait. They are color of skin is white, big horn and back curved, shape of face is convex and shape of tail is long and hang straight. In conclusion, the exterior characteristics of Sakub Sheep with horn and without horn have different performances in both quantitative and qualitative traits.


Introduction
Sakub sheep is one of the sheep in Brebes Regency, Indonesia.Sakub Sheep is a new local strain of sheep which located and developed in Paguyangan, Brebes.They are certified by Indonesian Agricultural Ministry with No: 882/ KPTS/ PK.010/M/12/2022.The population Sakub sheep in 2022 are 16484 heads [1].Sakub sheep have a specific characteristic of exterior, especially about quantitative and qualitative performance.It has a unique character and a new strain of sheep.Genetic resources are substances contained in individuals of the livestock breed population that are genetically unique and can be utilized and developed to form superior breeds or strains [2].The description of a sheep character can vary significantly from one sheep breed to another.Quantitative characteristics in animals can be IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1292/1/012008 2 approached with measurement.[3] said production performance is influence between genetic factors and environment factor.Genetic factor in animal is difficult to analysis, so it must be estimated depend on result of quantitative performance [4,5].[6] said quantitative was controlled by a pair of genes with large number and expression it limited by environment.Body Weight (BW), Body Length (BL) and Height Shoulder (HS) are important measurements from the animal.It used to approach the characteristic of specific from a sheep.
Qualitative characteristics are important to know about specific characteristic a breed of sheep.It controlled a little or without influence from environment [7].A qualitative characteristic is an attribute that cannot be measured but can be easily distinguished.They are example colour of skin, shape of horn, shape of tail and shape of face.Sakub Sheep with Horns (SSWH) and Sakub Sheep Non-Horns (SSNH) are both male traits found in the Sakub sheep breed.Their differences make it crucial to conduct an investigation.The results of this study can serve as fundamental data for the development of a new strain of this sheep and provide valuable recommendations for the government.This research compare about exterior characteristic of male Sakub Sheep which Sakub Sheep With Horn (SSWH) and Sakub Sheep Non Horn (SSNH).This research is very important to know differentiation exterior characteristic of this sheep with the other sheep.Data will be basic for government to develop it.

Ethical approval
The research has followed the ethical clearance rule base on ethical clearance certificate No. 089/EC-FKH/Eks/2022 from Animal Veterinary Faculty UGM.

Quantitative characteristics
It held on Sakub sheep contest in Pandansari Village, Brebes.A total of 134 heads of male Sakub sheep with horns (SSWH: 95 heads) and without horns (SSNH; 39 heads) were collected.Both of them consist of two category ram (aged 12-36 months) and young rams (aged 0-11 months).In breeding area of sakub sheep, many sheep with the different age, so the researcher want to know about their measurement The research employs digital weighing, a measuring tape, a measuring stick, and a digital camera as equipment.The survey method is utilized, and data is collected through purposive sampling.The study focuses on quantitative traits in Sakub sheep, which include body weight (BW), body length (BL), and shoulder height (HS).Body weight is determined by measuring the sheep's body weight with digital scales.Shoulder Height (HS), is the highest distance from the shoulder to the ground, measured using a measuring stick with units of cm.Body Length (BL), is the straight-line distance from the processes spinous bone of the highest thoracal vertebrae to the thoracic to the highest bone lump tapis (sitting bone), measured by using a measuring tape in cm.Body measurement corelation with age, it is positive corelation.Quantitative data was analysis by T-Test analysis [8][9][10].

Qualitative characteristics
A total of 127 heads of male Sakub sheep with horns (SSWH: 90 heads) and Sakub sheep without horns (SSNH; 37 heads) were collected.Both of them consist of two category ram (aged 12 month-36 month) and young rams (aged 0-11 month).Digital camera used for direct observation in the field.Qualitative variable are included four exterior characters (skin colour-SC; horn shape-HS; tail shape-TS; face shape-FS).Analysis data by descriptive analysis (percentage).  1 showing results for body weight and height of SSWH rams showed greater value than SSNH rams.The results of statistical analysis for quantitative traits such as height shoulder between SSWH and SSNH rams showed significant different (P<0.05).This phenomenon might affected by genetic factor, as the sheep inherit genes from Merino sheep known for having horns and high shoulders.Additionally, [1] provides information regarding the male Sakub sheep's ancestors, which include Dormer sheep, Dormas sheep, and Sufas sheep, all of which lack horns.Thus gives an indication that SSNH are descended from them.The body weight of male Sakub sheep SSWH (67.23 ± 15.56) kg and SSNH (62.72 ± 14.50) kg was higher than Javanese thin tailed sheep 26.39 kg and Javanese fat tailed sheep 36.10 kg [11].The shoulder height of ram SSWH sheep (75.23 ± 5.17) is higher than the standard for Garut sheep (74.34) cm [11].The body length of sheep plays a role in determining carcass quality.The body length comprises the front part from the shoulder to the back of the Scapula Os, the middle part includes the chest and ribs, and the back encompasses the waist to the thigh.Ram SSWH demonstrates a high survival capability due to its engagement in activities such as running and fighting with other rams [12].This results in a shorter body length but a more compact body structure.In this study both ram SSWH (75.75 ± 6.23) cm and ram SSNH (76.1 ± 5.92) have a higher body length than the standard for Garut sheep which is 63.41 cm.The comparison of shoulder height, body weight, body length between young rams, SSWH and SSNH, did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05).This could be because, at the age of under 12 months, bone growth may not have reached its maximum potential, resulting in both having similar heights.The correlation values between BW-BL, BW-HS, and BL-HS in adult ram SSWH are 0.77, 0.71, and 0.75, respectively.For adult ram SSNH, the corresponding correlation values for BW-BL, BW-HS, and BL-HS are 0.83, 0.72, and 0.71.Both groups show high correlation values, similar to the findings in [11], where body weight and body measurements like body length and high shoulder exhibit higher positive correlations.In young ram SSWH, the correlation values between BW-BL, BW-HS, and BL-1292 (2024) 012008 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1292/1/0120084 HS are 0.61, 0.69, and 0.71, respectively.As for young ram SSNH, the corresponding correlation values for BW-BL, BW-HS, and BL-HS are 0.83, 0.64, and 0.79.The regression models are important in regression analysis.This Research use it to prediction BW male Sakub sheep with BL and HS.The regression model for BW-BL and BW-HS in adult ram SSWH are represented as Y = -78.157+ 1.919X and Y = -93.779+ 2.140X, respectively.For adult ram SSNH, the regression models for BW-BL and BW-HS are Y = -80.557+ 1.883X and Y = -102.595+ 2.284X, respectively.As for young ram SSWH, the regression models for BW-BL and BW-HS are Y = -23.808+ 0.954X and Y = -31.086+ 1.058X, respectively.For young ram SSNH, the regression models for BW-BL and BW-HS are Y = -45.212+ 1.250X and Y = -37.112+ 1.137X, respectively.These regression models can be used to estimate body weight and body measurements in small ruminants, as stated in [10].  2 reveals that all the sheep in the study have white skin color.Among them, 47.7% of ram SSWH, 52.2% of young ram SSWH, 47.1% of ram SSNH, and 55% of young ram SSNH have this white coloration.The dominant horn shape in ram SSWH is large and back-curved, accounting for 100% of adult rams and 93.5% of young rams.Both ram SSWH and young ram SSWH have a convex face shape in 100% and 95.7% of cases, respectively.For all SSNH sheep, the face shape is convex in 100% of the cases.As for the shape of the tail, it is uniformly long and hangs straight for all individuals in the study (100%).The qualitative trait described in both SSWH and SSNH sheep is dominant.This includes white skin colour, large and back-curved horns, a convex face shape, and a long, straight-hanging tail.Exterior body characteristics represent qualitative phenotypic traits that aid in classifying livestock into distinct groups [7].Alongside these qualitative traits, it is essential to investigate the genetic characteristics of a breed.These traits can be influenced by various factors, including genetics, environment, and management practices [7,13,14].Skin colour in Sakub sheep showing qualitative performance, with the different colour we know influence the parents The performance of sakub sheep is actually a Dorset sheep from America or maybe there has been mixing with Dorset sheep from Australia which has a fur performance that has a black colour on its neck.From crosses that may occur, it can also be seen from the colour of the fur whether the dominant dorser sheep or the dominant Dorper that other genetic factors or mechanisms (additional uncharacterized ASIP alleles, other loci, or epistatic interaction with other genes) might be involved in affecting coat colours (white vs dark) and different spotted patterns in sheep.This study could represent an example of exploitation of native genetic resources to identify and verify association between DNA markers and phenotypic traits [6].So, before doing polymorphism, its important to know condition morphology about this sheep

Conclusion
Among the Sakub sheep categories, those with horns (SSWH) obtain higher scores than SSNH for shoulder height.The comparison of shoulder height, body weight, body length between young rams, SSWH and SSNH, did not reveal any different the age of under 12 months because bone growth may not have reached its maximum potential.The correlation values between body weight and other measurements are positively correlated.Regarding the qualitative results, both SSWH and SSNH sheep exhibit dominant traits, which include white skin colour, large and back-curved horns, a convex face shape, and a long, straight-hanging tail.In conclusion, the performance of Sakub Sheep with and without horns differs in both quantitative and qualitative traits related to their exterior characteristics.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Male Sakub sheep: ram SSWH (a), ram SSNH (b), young ram SSWH (c), young ram SSNH (d) Male Sakub sheep base on the age consists of ram and young ram.The value of qualitative characteristic in the age of ram divides two type, they are SSWH and SSNH.It same happens with young ram too.It consists two type: SSWH and SSNH.Sakub sheep possesses distinctive physical attributes.Table 1 presents a comparison between SSWH and SSNH.Table

Table 1 .
Quantitative characteristics of male Sakub sheep.

Table 2 .
Qualitative characteristics of male Sakub sheep Male Sakub sheep base on the age consists of ram and young ram.The value of qualitative characteristic in the age of ram divides two type, they are SSWH and SSNH.It same happens with young ram too.It consist two type: SSWH and SSNH.Comparation qualitative characteristic between SSWH and SSNH using percentage in all traits, Qualitative Characteristic of Male Sakub Sheep showing in Table 2. Table