Traditionally Originated Modern Technology Motivated Passive Downdraft Cooling System: An Eco-friendly Triple Harvest Solution

With rising heat waves and climate change, the big cities are meshing up with the buildings woven in urban fabric that are becoming power-guzzling air-conditioning machines that increase energy demand multi-fold. This has the side effect of heating up the environment because the return heat from air conditioners mixes with the surrounding air. This dents the microclimate and makes the micro and macro systems worse, as this process is continuous without break. So it will be a disaster for the environment in the future. To mitigate the problem, the paper borrows traditional wisdom to merge with smart technology and create comfortable built spaces in hot-dry and hot-humid weather conditions, based on the principles of evaporative cooling, the venturi effect, and the faraday law of electromagnetic induction. The output of adopting these principles creates comfort conditions for air ventilation with improved air quality and a natural air-conditioning system, ensuring the luxury of contact-free cool air in habitable spaces. The process is based on interoperability, which is built into the system to self-generate and consume renewable energy. The integration of information into the system is a spontaneous cycle of production and consumption of energy. This ensures its self-sufficiency, which bridges the research gap in the design of an upgraded passive downdraft cooling system with three self-sufficient and effective benefits in a single system.


Introduction
Modern cities are becoming concrete jungles, which have growing energy demands to cool down builtup spaces.In the process, the return heat from air conditioners mixes with the surrounding air and damages the microclimate.As a result, the micro and macro systems are getting worse day by day.As this process is continuous without breaks, it could be a disaster to the environment in the future.Consequently, this has an extremely bad effect on human health as well as environmental health in the long run.
To mitigate these conditions, combining traditional techniques with modern technology in the passive downdraft system offers a sustainable, eco-friendly triple harvest solution to the prevailing problems.The system concept is based on the principles of evaporative cooling, the venturi effect, and the faraday law of electromagnetic induction.The output of adopting these principles is to create comfortable conditions for air ventilation in the built spaces, and that too with improved air quality as well as contact-free.The system combines the comforts of air conditioning with the luxury of improved air quality.The system also produces renewable energy, which is expensive to run.This self-generating and consuming of renewable energy is a spontaneous cycle of production and consumption of energy that ensures its self-sufficiency, which is conceptualized in the design of an upgraded passive downdraft cooling system with three effective benefits in a single system, which is functioning on interoperability 1285 (2024) 012011 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1285/1/012011 2 that is built in the system to produce renewable energy and consume the same energy to run the system.The integration of information is designed for the system to function as a spontaneous, self-sustaining system.
This technical paper is in the form of eight paragraphs, which explain the following: Paragraph 1 is an introduction to the proposal with comprehensive documentation of the paper.Paragraph 2: Explain tangible technicality, which is based on the technicalities involved in functioning the system in the subsection of tangible functionality.Paragraph 3 shows the comprehensive methodology with the help of a flow chart in Figure 1 that is supported by Figures 2-6 and is followed by a working model of the system in the subsection.Paragraph 4 explains the comparative analysis in Table 1, and the discussion is based on the literature review with respect to the recommended proposal.Paragraph 5 discusses mathematical analysis.Paragraph 6 highlights the results and discussions.Paragraph 7 covers the conclusion of the paper.Paragraph 8 suggests the future scope and recommendations for researchers.

Tangible Technicality
The system concept is based on the principles of evaporative cooling, the venturi effect, and the faraday law of electromagnetic induction.The idea of traditional wisdom was borrowed by using the traditional techniques of evaporative cooling with the venturi effect, which contributes to the production of cool air and cool water.The cool air carries through ducts in built-up spaces and creates comfort conditions, whereas cool water is effective in a natural air-conditioning system that ensures the luxury of contactfree cool air in habitable spaces.
The entire system functions on electricity, so to make it self-sufficient, renewable energy is produced within the system with the help of the principles of the faraday law of electromagnetic induction, which will consume energy within the system to run the system.The production and consumption of energy are a spontaneous cycle that is imbibed within the system design to ensure its self-sufficiency while enhancing comfort conditions in built-up spaces without harming the environment.

Tangible functionality
The system is conceptualized as self-sufficient to produce a triple harvest system to ensure three essential benefits.
The first benefit begins with turning on the propeller, which starts sucking wind through the wind catcher of the master shaft, enters the shaft, and starts kissing on the water-filled seven terracotta pots (mutka), which cool down due to evaporative cooling.The propeller throws the throw on the water, sprinkling vertical and horizontal terracotta stacking arrangements, as in figures 3 and 6.The terracotta stacking will have an additional cooling effect due to the principles of venturi effect and evaporative cooling.This is carried through independent shafts or ducts to different nodes and creates comfortable air ventilation in the habitable spaces with contact-free, improved air quality, as shown in figure 5.
The second benefit is primarily based on the traditional wisdom used in seven water-filled terracotta pots that attain coolness due to the principles of venturi effect and evaporative cooling.
The terracotta pot supplies water to the subsequent one after attaining the coolness of the previous one.The cycle of supply continues until the coolest water reaches the seventh one, which is flowing water to showers to sprinkle on horizontal and vertical terracotta stacking.The cool water drips down at the master shaft tank and carries through insulated copper pipes to make a coil loop in front of the blower to blow the comforts of air conditioning in the built-up spaces in a natural way, as shown in figure 3.This maintains microclimate and does not harm the environment with the backflow of heat, nor does it mix heat with air to dent micro and macro systems.
The third benefit is exemplary, as it produces renewable energy and consumes it to run the entire system, which functions to produce and consume it.This is a spontaneous production-consumption cycle built into the process, which starts with turning on the electric motor to rotate the propeller.This electric motor with a large rotating wheel is connected to the motor via a conveyer belt through a small rotating wheel with a shaft of higher rpm to produce renewable energy due to the faraday law of electromagnetic induction.The energy stored in the battery is consumed to run the system, as shown in figure 2.
This process completes the cycle to harvest the triple benefits of creating comfortable evaporative cooling, the luxury of natural air conditioning, and generating renewable energy at the same time.It also demonstrates a traditionally assisted smart technology-motivated passive downdraft cooling system that can be fixed in an existing building with minor alterations and can be designed in the proposed building as an integral part of the building.

Methodology
Figure 1 explains the comprehensive functioning of the system with a flow chart, supported with the help of figures 2 to 6, and is followed by a working model of the system.

Working model of system
The single electric switch, fixed in a convenient place, has a triple function when it switches on the power supply to the system.First, it starts an electric motor to rotate the propeller that runs an electromagnetic motor.Second, it also starts a servo motor to open up the windows of the wind-catcher.Third, it activates a sensor to open up the tap to fill the terracotta pot with water.
The electric motor has dual functions when switched on.First, it is fixed with a large wheel connected to a small wheel through a conveyer belt to produce a higher rpm in the electromagnetic motor to produce renewable energy to be stored in the battery to reuse and run the system cycle, as shown in figure 2.
Second, it is connected to the propeller through a rotating rod to rotate while switching on the electric motor.
The seven hanging terracotta pots are connected to each other through a PVC pipe fixed from the lower to the upper part of the subsequent pot so as to supply cool water to the subsequent one down to the top, which ensures the flow of water getting cool from the first filled pot to the second, getting cooler from the second to the third one, and so on, to reach the coolest water in the seventh one, as in figure 4.This starts showering down on horizontal and vertical terracotta stacking and gets further cooled down.The ceiling fan starts throwing air on the showering water through horizontal and vertical terracotta stacking, increasing the coolness of the air and water due to the venturi effect and evaporative cooling principles, as in figures 3 and 6.
The cool air is supplied through a plurality of ducts to built-up spaces to create comfort conditions, as shown in figure 5.The cool water is dripped down to a water tank, which can be carried through insulated copper pipes to a natural air conditioner to enhance the luxury of natural air conditioning.The overflow pipe flows water to an underground tank for reuse, as shown in figure 3.

Comparative analysis and discussion
Table 1 lists the comparative analysis of reviewed papers and patents from literature studies with respect to the recommended proposal is reviewing the analysis-based study.

Table 1. Comparative analysis of the literature review with the recommended proposal Comparative analysis Literature review of papers and patents
The recommended proposal This paper reports a novel test chamber for testing reduced-scale prototypes that replicates in spaces in hot-dry regions with common outdoor conditions, in which fans are used to mix the air on turning on the misters inside the chamber.For future recommendations, the chamber will modify to correct misalignments of collected data from general and specific scales to maximize the potential for multi-stage development of cooling systems [1].
The recommended proposal is traditionally assisted smart technology-motivated multi-stage downdraft cooling systems.It is also a self-sustained, selfsufficient, in-built system of production of renewable energy that consumes the same energy to run the system to ensure contact-free air ventilation and natural air conditioning in hot-dry weather conditions and in hot-humid weather conditions at the same time in various built-up spaces to enhance the comfortable conditions of space.The authors disclose a novel PDEC system for improving the air circulation of buildings.The PDEC system uses a big shaft divided into several intermediate shafts that allow cool air to move in a vertically downward direction before entering the room, and the number of intermediate shafts depends on the number of floors in that particular building.Also, each room have a separate intermediate shaft for providing fresh air, and air The recommended proposal has a master shaft divided into several intermediate ducts that allow cool air to move in a vertically downward direction, depending on the number of floors in that particular building.It is also providing natural air conditioning in various built-up spaces.The proposal functions as a spontaneous system in which the in-built system produces renewable energy and consumes the same energy to run the system.This makes the passive downdraft cooling system a self-sustained, self-flows in each shaft are independent of other shafts [8].
sufficient system to enhance the comfort conditions of built-up space.The author showcases that PDEC is a passive cooling technique that involves spraying controlled volumes of microscopic water droplets into hot, dry ambient air, thereby causing it to cool and providing thermal comfort, and its significance in energy conservation in buildings, which will be more climate-responsive, more sustainable, and more environmentally friendly buildings of tomorrow [2].
The recommended proposal is a self-sustained, selfsufficient, in-built system of production of renewable energy that consumes the same energy to run the system.The invention is a spontaneous system with the traditional wisdom of the evaporative cooling system of terracotta and the additional venturi effect through the small openings in terracotta combined with the modern technology of passive downdraft cooling systems.This ensures contact-free air ventilation and natural air conditioning at the same time in various built-up spaces to enhance the comfort of the space.A ventilation inlet in the enclosed space is designed to act as a convertible between a ventilation inlet and a ventilation outlet configuration.The fan is arranged within a duct and is configured to move air within the duct downwards or upwards towards or away from a lower air discharge opening.A single duct communicates between an elevated air inlet and a lower air discharge opening.A natural ventilation system is provided for an enclosed space with an air inlet that passes through the enclosed space, flowing from the air discharge opening to the air outlet [9].
The proposal has one master shaft that produces contact-free air ventilation and natural air conditioning at the same time and can be supplied to various built-up spaces to enhance the comfort of the space.Interoperability is built into the system to produce renewable energy and consume the same energy that runs the system to function as a spontaneous, self-sustained, self-sufficient system in which the traditional wisdom of the evaporative cooling system of terracotta and the additional venturi effect through the small openings in terracotta are combined with the modern technology of passive downdraft cooling systems.PDEC towers have the potential to achieve substantial energy savings with spray systems.The author mentions key factors like the wet-bulb depression, wind speed, and height of the tower as parameters affecting the performance.The author addressed these critical issues by performing parametric analysis with the help of a fluent model.The experimental data was validation based on the relationships between parameters and the supply of air conditioning [3].
The recommended proposal is also working on the water spray, but on terracotta and through the terracotta.The traditional wisdom of the principle of evaporative cooling and the venturi effect due to propelling wind on spray water ensure contact-free air ventilation and natural air conditioning at the same time.Moreover, the in-built system of producing renewable energy and consuming the same energy to run the system is functioning as a spontaneous system, which makes it a self-sustained, selfsufficient system.The author made a study to identify the potential performance of PDEC towers so as to understand a viable solution that can enhance the sustainability of built-up spaces.The computational modeling of the fundamentals of the evaporative cooling process using fluent has been performed so as to ensure the unique characteristics of the air distribution and flow in the effective area of the tower.This computational analysis was performed to improve the efficiency of the PDEC towers with better performance, which improved sustainability [4].
The suggested solution combines a self-sustained, self-sufficient, in-built system.This produces renewable energy that consumes the same energy to function in the system, which is a spontaneous process.The traditional wisdom of the evaporative cooling system of terracotta and the additional venturi effect through the small openings in terracotta are used with the modern technology of passive downdraft cooling systems.It ensures contact-free air ventilation and natural air conditioning at the same time in various built-up spaces to enhance the comfort conditions of the space.The author proposed energy savings to cool down buildings significantly by spraying a low-energy cooling system.The simulation results ascertain that the control of water flow in a PDEC system performs better and could successfully integrate with the cooling of buildings [5].
The recommended proposal is also working on the water spray, but on terracotta and through the terracotta.The traditional wisdom of the principle of evaporative cooling and the venturi effect due to propelling wind on spray water ensure contact-free air ventilation and natural air conditioning at the same time.Moreover, the production of renewable energy and the consumption of the same energy to run the system, which is built into the system, make it a selfsustaining, self-sufficient, and spontaneously functioning system.The author proposed a design to cool the air in two stages that enter the tower shaft.The author measured the first stage of cooling air by using sensible cooling and the second stage by using direct evaporative cooling.The results indicated that a hybrid tower functions to ensure comfort conditions in hot-dry conditions when evaporative cooling operates and also during hot-humid conditions when it is made functional without evaporative cooling [6].
The recommended proposal also functions as a multistage system.It is a self-sustained, self-sufficient, inbuilt system that works on producing renewable energy and consuming the same energy to run the system spontaneously, combining the traditional wisdom of the evaporative cooling system of terracotta and the additional venturi effect with the modern technology of passive downdraft cooling systems to enhance the comfort ability of space in hotdry and hot-humid weather conditions.
The author is intended to inform engineers and architects to contribute to the energy-saving benefits by incorporating the passive evaporative cooling system for the built-up spaces during building designs.It has environmental benefits as well, as the associated technologies cool down roof surfaces, walls, and floors and enhance comfortable conditions in buildings [7].
The proposal is designed to function as a spontaneous system, which makes it a self-sustained, selfsufficient, in-built system of production of renewable energy that consumes the same energy to run the system that ensures contact-free air ventilation and natural air conditioning at the same time in various built-up spaces.
The author intends to ensure that the spray PDEC system ensures energy-efficient evaporative cooling as it doesn't require the support of mechanical components.The result was a temperature drop of 23 °C in the office areas and the classroom areas due to spray PDEC systems.In Ahmedabad, India, the Torrent Research Centre (TRC) efficiently functions with 10-14 °C temperature drops.[10], and in other cases The author draws attention to wet bulb temperatures (WBT) that get as low as 22 °C in a PDEC tower with water spray.The external hot air passing through the water creates comfortable, cool air in the internal spaces.This is extremely effective during dry climates, as the three major components of the PDEC tower capture hot air from the wind catcher, cool down due to evaporative cooling, and supply it to habitable built-up and internal spaces to ensure comfortable conditions.The author The proposal is also designed to function on a spray PDEC system.However, the proposal has additional attributes offered by seven terracotta pots, which further cool down the air temperature at the induction of air in the chamber and further cool down while passing through the water spray on vertical and horizontal terracotta stacking, which give the additional cooling effect of the venturi effect along with the evaporative cooling that ensures contact-free air ventilation and natural air conditioning to ensure comfort conditions in various built-up spaces.Plus, it is a spontaneous system, which makes it a selfsustained, self-sufficient, in-built system of production of renewable energy that consumes the same energy to run the system.

Mathematical Analysis Stage-1:
The propeller sucks outer air through a wind catcher inside the PDEC chamber, considering the extreme climatic conditions of May and June in north India, when the dry bulb temperature is 40 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity is 30%.The air will be in contact with water-filled terracotta pots, and due to evaporative cooling, the estimated wet bulb temperature (Twb) would be: Twb=Tdb− (Tdb−Tdp)*RH Tdb = dry bulb temperature (40°C in this case).Tdp = dew point temperature (to be calculated) RH = relative humidity (expressed as a decimal, e.g., 0.3 for 30%) For unsaturated air (RH = 0.3 or 30%), the calculation becomes: The air at 35.8 °C will be forced through terracotta pipes and create a venturi effect, which further cools it down.The checked velocity of inlet air is 10 m/s and that of outlet air is 4 m/s, given a wet bulb temperature (Twb) of 35.8 degrees Celsius.
The adiabatic cooling formula is: Tout=Tin− (VIn* VIn −Vout* VOut)/ 2Cp Where: Tout = outlet air temperature (final temperature reduction after the Venturi effect).Tin = inlet air temperature (wet bulb temperature), which is 35.8 °C.VIn = inlet air velocity, which is 10 m/s.The air will be circulated to various nodes through ducts, which allows it to rise 2-3 °C, depending on the distance covered, which is within the comfort level of 20°C-27°C [12].

Results and discussions:
 This proposal is based on interoperability, which is built into the system to produce renewable energy and consume the same energy to run the system. The integration of information is designed for the system to function as a spontaneous, selfsustaining, self-sufficient system. This proposal is useful to offer comfortable living and working conditions in educational institutes, factory sheds, offices, apartments, etc.  The system cultivates an environment-friendly, contact-free air that ensures human comfort conditions in the indoor spaces. This design works on a traditionally assisted, modern technology-motivated passive downdraft cooling system that demonstrates it as an upgraded version of the passive downdraft cooling system, with its long-term socio-economic benefits along with the luxury of comfortable conditions in the built spaces. This invention can be fitted into any existing building terrace with minor alteration or can be designed for a proposed building as an integral part of the proposal, with the provision of water reservoirs.

Conclusion
The big cities are meshing with the buildings due to the growing demand for infrastructure.To ensure comfortable living and working conditions, these buildings need to cool down with power-guzzling airconditioning systems that augment energy demand multi-fold.The return heat from these cooling machines mixes up with the air, affects the microclimate adversely, and harms the environment drastically.The solution to this long-term problem lies in the eco-friendly triple harvest system.This ensures contact-free, improved air ventilation with the luxury of natural air conditioning.It also has the additional benefit of producing renewable energy and consuming energy to run the system, as described in the methodology and working model of the system.In short, the proposal focuses on interoperability with the integration of information to function as a spontaneous, self-sustained, self-sufficient in-built system that offers sustainable triple benefits, with long-term ecological and socio-economic benefits, along with improving standards of living with the luxury of healthy, comfortable conditions.

Future scope and recommendations
This eco-friendly technology proves to be an ecologically and economically sustainable system.These benefits encourage industry to be a business model and contribute to healthy development.The ecoefficient solution multiplier can contribute to the industry process and attract corporate progress.The system can be fixed in an existing building with minor alterations, or it can be designed in a proposed building as an integral part of the building.Moreover, as a recommendation, the researchers can provide a heating solution in the proposal in the future.The addition of that will minimize the environmental problems and provide a self-sufficient package of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC).
This will have the enormous potential to displace the need for conventional HVAC systems that ensure comfort conditions in all climatic conditions in a composite climate to enhance overall healthy conditions and serve humanity with a high standard of living.

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: Flow chart of the system's functioning

Figure 2 :
Figure 2: Production and consumption of renewable energy (Source author).

Figure 3 :
Figure 3: Vertical and horizontal terracotta stacking Arrangement to cool down air and water (Source author).

Figure 4 :
Figure 4: Section of a traditionally assisted smart passive downdraft cooling system, highlighting the functionality of the system (Source author).

6 Figure 5 :
Figure 5: Section-AA, arrangement of seven terracotta pots shown as; I-VII connecting with sloping pipe to flow water (Source author).

Figure 6 :
Figure 6: Section-BB shows the duct arrangement carrying cool air to habitable spaces (Source author).