Monitoring of relationships between indicators of food security of the states

The conceptual foundations of monitoring the state’s food security system under the conditions of global turbulence have been deepened. It was determined that the set of indicators of the state of food security used in national practice is imperfect. It is emphasized that the totality of indicators cannot objectively contribute to identifying potential threats to sustainable development and adopting effective management decisions. Attention is focused on the need to consider the impact of other components, including the issues of the accessibility, availability, quality, and safety of food products, as well as their resilience and adaptability. The hypothesis regarding the direct relationship between the degree of compliance of agricultural production in the country with sustainable development principles and the overall level of economic accessibility of food has been proved. The established and mathematically proven direct relationship between the indicators made it possible to emphasize the need to raise the population’s living standards. This is necessary to reduce the negative impact of the production of agricultural products on the environment, which results from the understanding by consumers of the need to satisfy not only basic needs but also to preserve natural resources for future generations. It is mathematically proven that in countries with a high level of economic accessibility of food, the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles has a high level and is strongly correlated with economic factors. In countries with medium and low indicators of economic accessibility of food, such a relationship does not have statistical significance. The conclusions drawn are useful for practical use in conditions of global economic turbulence.


Introduction
In the conditions of an increase in the world population, climate change and full-scale hostilities in Ukraine, ensuring sustainable and economically affordable access to products is one of the important and acute problems of our time.Agriculture is a major economic sector in many countries.Achieving sustainable development in agriculture is the basis for preserving natural resources, ensuring ecological balance and production efficiency.Understanding the relationship between the level of economic accessibility of food and the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles is important to develop agricultural management strategies that will contribute to ensuring food security.In addition, changes in global trade conditions, climate change and economic fluctuations may affect the production and availability of products in different world regions.Therefore, 1269 (2023) 012001 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1269/1/012001 2 the subject matter of this research will reveal these relationships and understand the possible consequences of global change.
In the conditions of global economic turbulence, studying the relationships between the level of economic accessibility of food and the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles is an essential and relevant line of research for the scientific community.The relevance of the chosen scientific issues is justified by the fact that the results of such studies are useful for decision-making in agriculture and ensuring food security at various levels -from local to global.It will increase the effectiveness of management decisions aimed at guaranteeing food security in conditions of economic instability.

Related works
The use of the Vosviewer and Google Analytics tools made it possible to conduct a bibliometric analysis regarding the researched problem.
The paper [1] emphasizes that modern food systems are suffering from failures, their number will increase in the future, according to forecasts.This article identifies key elements of food system resilience: system thinking; redundancy of activities and networks; buffering strategies; diversity of products.The author [2] draws attention to the fact that at a time when global stocks are running short, Russia's military aggression in Ukraine is a shock to the whole world.In the paper [3], it was concluded that the measures of geopolitical risk reduce food prices.In addition, the authors emphasize the existence of a tendency to increase food prices.However, this cannot be confidently asserted that the obtained conclusions can be used in the future when the conditions of foreign policy change.
The authors of the article [4] analyzed military aggression against Ukraine.It was revealed that the conflict would lead to a reduction in the volume of trade and an acute shortage of food.The paper [5] proposes directions for strengthening the financial security, but these conclusions require adjustments in connection with global economic turbulence.In the paper [6], consideration of low profitability of most agricultural enterprises was begun.Given the significant changes in the operating conditions of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, the conclusions should be revised and supplemented.Research work [7] is devoted to the analysis of changes in food security; hot and cold zones of food safety were identified.However, the authors neglected the analysis of factors for different groups of countries, divided depending on the level of economic accessibility of food.Consequently, doubts remain about how the main results of this study can be applied to those countries that differ in their level of food accessibility from the country of research.
The purpose of [8] is to develop a comprehensive approach for monitoring the impact of an innovative component on the security of households, which can also be used in the process of assessing the relationships between various indicators.Article [9] presents a comprehensive literature review of food security indicators.This study offers the aspects and components of food security.It clarifies the purpose, the analysis features, used for measuring food security.The authors emphasize that the indicator of calorie sufficiency at the household level is most often (22%).Whereas dietary diversity indicators, food utilization and resilience were infrequently considered when measuring food security.Agreeing with this conclusion, we also draw attention to the rather limited list of indicators [12] for assessing food security.The authors of the work [10] note that the development of the potential can become the basis for strengthening economic security, part of which is state food security.
Individual aspects of the impact of certain factors are considered in the study [13].However, the interrelationship between these factors and their combined impact has not been addressed by researchers.
The study [14] started the work on the adjustment of the state of economic and food security of the state.This work should continue, considering the non-standard existing challenges.The authors of the study [17] investigated factors affecting food security.The study uses second-generation econometric methods based on data sets from 2000 to 2020.However, all countries are divided into only two groups depending on the income level.Such consolidated distribution may lead to the formation of conclusions that will not fully consider certain countries' peculiarities.
The article [18] noted that eliminating hunger remained one of the tasks, and the problem of evaluating these processes is still acute.While we agree with the conclusion that diverse approaches and data infrastructures are needed, we believe it is essential both to generalize indicators of food insecurity and assess the relationships between them.The authors of the article [19] when considering the multifaceted nature of poverty put the focus on the problems of food poverty and lack of security.The study would have received a higher level of completeness if the analyzed indicators of the state of food security were also considered concerning and considering the characteristics of different regions.The researchers [20,21] concluded that the ability of the ELCSA to distinguish between all levels of food insecurity is weak.But the authors did not consider alternative options for classifying food security levels.
Commending the above studies of scientists, we believe that in economic turbulence, the problem of assessing the relationships between various indicators of food security needs further consideration by the scientific community.

Purpose, tasks and research methods
The purpose of this research to provide justification for the relationship between the level of economic accessibility of food and the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles.
The resulting findings will enable considering scientifically supported relationships in the decisionmaking process in agriculture and ensuring food security at different levels -from local to global.It will improve the effectiveness of management decisions aimed at securing food security in conditions of economic instability.
The following tasks were identified to accomplish the set goal: -to generalize the conceptual bases; -to test the hypothesis regarding the existence of a direct relationship between the degree of compliance of agricultural production with the sustainable development principles and the general degree of economic food accessibility in a specific country; -to assess the strength of relationships between the level of economic accessibility of food and the degree of compliance of agricultural production with the sustainable development principles for different groups of countries.
This research is based on two main hypotheses: -the existence of a relationship between the degree of compliance of agricultural production with the sustainable development principles and the general degree of economic accessibility of food in a specific country; -in countries with high economic accessibility of food, there is a stronger relationship of compliance of agricultural production with the sustainable development principles compared to countries with low economic accessibility of food.
Systematization of research groups that have significant results in the field of substantiation of relationships between the level of economic accessibility of food and the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles was carried out with the help of bibliographic analysis.Bibliographic analysis was conducted using the capabilities of Google Analytics and Vosviewer.The application of Vosviewer v.1.6.19 made it possible to create bibliometric networks and generalize the work of scientists in the field of the problem under investigation.The formation of bibliometric networks took place considering bibliographic connections and citations, which allowed generalizing the information that became the basis of the conducted research.
The research tasks were solved using the method of system-structural analysis and synthesis.The need to use this method is justified by the expediency of finding out how the level of economic accessibility of food in the country affects the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles.Correlation analysis was used in the study to prove the proposed hypothesis regarding the existence of a relationship between the degree of compliance of agricultural production in the country with sustainable development principles and the general level of economic accessibility of food.Correlation analysis was applied by using data from 113 countries of the world contained in the Global Food Security Index database to test the existing hypothesis.A multiple regression equation was drawn up, highlighting the relationship between the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles in the country and the level of economic accessibility of food.The relevance of the built models was checked using the JASP software product, which is released under the GNU Affero GPL v3 license.The abstract-logical method was applied at all successive stages of justifying the relationship between the level of economic accessibility of food and the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles: from the description of the main hypotheses to the formation of generalizations and conclusions of this study.The possible presence of multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity of the correlation model may contribute to some distortion of its accuracy, as well as the rest of the unaccounted factors that were not taken into account when determining the relationship between the level of general security of food stability and the propensity of countries to practical implementation of the principles of sustainable development in the process of agricultural production.

Results
As per the Methodological Recommendations No. 1277 that is dated 29.10.2013.[12] food security is a significant element of the state's economic security.Following the methodology, a list of key indicators and ranges of characteristic values are determined (including food security).The set of these data is the basis for the integral indicator of each subsystem.
According [12], Ukraine's food security is characterized by 11 indicators, which should be highlighted in the form of a vector.When assessing the state of food security, indicators (Table 1) are calculated and analyzed -basic quantitative indicators of the conditions under which the state's food security is guaranteed.

Indicator essence
Weighting factor Grain production per person per year, tons 0,0893 10 The level of grain reserves, % consumption 0,0351 11 The share of sales through the trade network of enterprises of imported food products, % 0,0948 Source: summarized by the authors according to the method [12] Indicators of the state of food security in Ukraine are multidirectional and, accordingly, have different dimensions, which is why after direct calculation (Table 2), the generated results are reduced to a single dimension of interpretation through the normalization of indicators, that is, their conversion into dimensionless values.
The Global Food Security Index examines the accessibility, availability, quality and safety of food, as well as resilience and adaptation in different countries.This indicator is based on 68 unique indicators.Its weight in the calculation is 30%.The economic accessibility of food contains indicators of the following groups: change in the average cost of food; the specific weight of the population in a state of global poverty (living on an amount less than 3.2 US dollars/1 day); individual income adjusted for the level of inequality; peculiarities of agricultural trade; food security programs [14].[12] and data [11] According to the evaluations of the component of the Global Food Security Index, which signals the economic accessibility of food, in 2022, Ukraine ranks 65th in the world and last among European countries.Based on the latest analysis, this component's score of 66.6 indicates a decline of 9.6 points compared to 2021 [15].Ukraine's low rates in this component are mainly due to low scores on the indicator of changes in the average cost of food products as well as insufficient development of food safety programmers.According to these indicators, Ukraine is in the range of 40-54.9, which is identified as "weak".According to the indicator of average food costs changes, Ukraine's position in 2021-2022 decreased by 40 points.In Ukraine, the economic accessibility of food is considered as the ratio of the average salary level in the country to the grocery basket price.It is worth mentioning that before the outbreak of full-scale hostilities in Ukraine, a person with an average salary in Ukraine could buy several food baskets equivalent to 12.4 months' worth of food.The methodology used to assess the economic accessibility of food is based on the analysis of regional prices for 21 food products in Ukraine.According to data from the Center for Food and Land Use Research, since the beginning of the war, the indicator of economic accessibility of food in Ukraine has decreased by 15-43% [16].This difference in estimates is explained by different income scenarios, as official data on changes in wages in Ukraine is limited, while data on commodity prices is regular and available.
Compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles is considered as part of the fourth component of the Global Food Security Index.Its weight in the calculation is 22.5% [15].The fourth component of the Index, "Resilience and Adaptation", is the weakest in Ukraine.Thus, according to the 2022 results, Ukraine ranks 94th in the world and penultimate among European countries.Despite improved scores on "Disaster Risk Management" and "Political Commitment to Adaptation", Ukraine is in the "weak" range (40-54.9)for "Political Commitment to Adaptation", "Oceans, Rivers and Lakes", and "Disaster Risk Management".In addition, the country has a "too weak" rating (0-39.9)for the indicator "Water".According to the results of the Index, during 2012-2022 it was recorded an improvement in safety, stability and adaptation in Ukraine.However, a component of the index, which demonstrates the state of economic sufficiency of food, has decreased by 10.3 points.The indicator "Food Safety Program" fell by 25.6 points and the indicator "Change in average costs of food" decreased by 21 points.According to these indicators, the country is in the "weak" range (40-54.9),which is related to the military position in the country.
To test the hypothesis regarding the existence of a direct relationship between the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles and the general level of economic accessibility of food in a specific country, a correlation was found between the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles and the general level of economic accessibility of food.The analysis was carried out using data from 113 countries that appear in the Global Food Security Index database [15].We identified the variables of the econometric model for the complete sample: -Y is a vector representing the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles, formed according to the data of the Global Index (113 countries).This vector is an outcome, dependent and endogenous variable; -X is a vector representing the economic accessibility of food, formed according to the data of the Global Index (113 countries).This vector is a factorial, independent, exogenous variable; -U is a vector of residuals.This vector is the stochastic component.By substituting the estimated values into the system of normal equations and calculating the system of equations for the unknown estimates of parameters 01 ,  , the following values were obtained:

 
The multiple regression equation, which comprehensively characterizes the dependence of agricultural production on the principles of sustainable development and the economic accessibility of food, is given by: The regression coefficients signal how much the indicator of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles will change when the indicator of economic accessibility of food changes in the country.Thus, shows that an increase in the index of economic accessibility of food by one unit will entail an increase in the indicator of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles of the country by 0.225.
We present the results of this study through the regression equation and the trend line in Figure 1.
To establish the degree of relationship between the indicators under investigation, a correlation coefficient of 0.510 was determined.This confirms the relationship between the compliance of agricultural production in the country with sustainable development principles and the economic accessibility of food.
The determination coefficient is equal to the square of the correlation coefficient (25.97%).The value of the coefficient of determination means that almost 26% of the variation in the compliance of agricultural production in the country with sustainable development principles depends on changes in the economic accessibility of food.Source: built by the authors based on data from the Global Food Security Index sample [15] Other fluctuations in the indicator of agricultural production compliance with sustainable development principles are due to other factors that were not taken into consideration in the model.The value of Fisher's test according to the model (F=38.9) is greater than the tabular value (Ftabl=3.927),which confirms the statistical significance of the relationship based on the econometric model.Calculated using the method of least squares, coincide with the results of testing the linear econometric model by the JASP software product.The hypothesis about the statistical significance of the calculated coefficients has scientific evidence.The correlation matrix formed during the research shows a direct statistically significant relationship between the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles and the general economic accessibility of food (r=0.510;R 2 =0.2597).
It is hypothesized that in countries with high economic accessibility of food, there is more correlation of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles compared to countries with low economic accessibility of food.To test this hypothesis, a correlation between the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles and the general economic accessibility of food was calculated.The assessment of this correlation is based on an example: 19 countries from the first and second quintile groups according to the level of economic accessibility of food products (1); 50 countries from the third and fourth quintile groups (2); 44 countries from the fifth quintile group according to the level of economic accessibility of food products (3), that are included in the Global Food Security Index database [15].For this purpose, we identified variable econometric models was carried out: -Y1,2,3 -vectors representing compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles in different quintile groups (1), ( 2), (3).The basis of the study is the data from the Global Food Security Index.These vectors are outcome, dependent, and endogenous variables; -X1,2,3 -vectors representing indicators of economic accessibility of food in different quintile groups.The basis of the study is the data from the Global Food Security Index.These vectors are factorial, independent, and exogenous variables; -U is a vector of residuals.This vector is the stochastic component.
Substituting the estimated values for 19 countries from the first and second quintile groups into the system of normal equations and solving the system of equations for the unknown estimates of parameter 01 ,  , we obtain the following values: 01 50,8; 0,166.

   
Fisher's test according to this model (F=0.509)compared to the tabular value (Ftabl=4.451) is smaller, therefore, the significance of this econometric model is not validated.A similar conclusion was made for the countries of the third and fourth quintile groups.Calculated values were substituted into the system of normal equations, and a system of equations was solved for unknown estimates of parameters using the example of 44 countries from the fifth quintile group.The following values were obtained: 01 54, 4; 1, 287.

   
So, the multiple regression equation for 44 countries from the fifth quintile group according to the level of economic accessibility of food products is given by: 54, 4 1, 287 .
The regression coefficients mean the change in compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles of 44 countries of the fifth quintile group when the economic accessibility of food changes by one unit.Thus, it shows that an increase in the economic accessibility of food by one unit will contribute to an increase in the country's compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles by 1.287.
To establish the degree of relationship between the indicators under investigation, a correlation coefficient of 0.510 was determined.This confirms the relationship between the compliance of agricultural production in the country with sustainable development principles and the economic accessibility of food.The determination coefficient is equal to the square of the correlation coefficient (25.97%).The value of the coefficient of determination means that almost 26% of the variation in the compliance of agricultural production in the country with sustainable development principles depends on changes in the economic accessibility of food.Other fluctuations in the indicator of agricultural production compliance with sustainable development principles are due to other factors that were not taken into consideration in the model.The value of Fisher's test according to the model (F=38.9) is greater than the tabular value (Ftabl=3.927),which confirms the statistical significance of the relationship based on the econometric model ( 2) for 44 countries from the fifth quintile group.
Calculated using the method of least squares, coincide with the results of testing the linear econometric model by the JASP software product.The correlation matrix formed during the research shows a direct statistically significant relationship between the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles and the general economic accessibility of food.This conclusion was made for 44 countries of the fifth quintile group by the level of economic accessibility of food products (r=0.502;R2=0.252).The established significant relationship proves the proposed hypothesis that the significance of the relationship between the studied factors depends on the material well-being of a specific country.Thus, in countries with a high level of economic accessibility of food products, there is a high level of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles, and the connection with economic factors is significant.At that time, in countries with an average and low level of economic accessibility of food, a similar relationship cannot be considered statistically significant.

Discussion
The full-scale military invasion of Ukraine caused a strengthening of Ukraine's role in guaranteeing global food security.Export restrictions and constant threats to sowing campaigns led to a rise in prices on the world market.It creates as risks for the agricultural sector and the national economy as the prerequisites for global hunger for millions of people.It is also proved by the conclusions of the article [1], which emphasizes that the number of failures and shocks in modern food systems will increase in the future.The authors of the study [2] also draw attention to the fact that the military aggression against Ukraine is a shock at the heart of the breadbasket of Europe in conditions where the world's reserves are running out.
Over the past two decades, Ukraine has made significant progress in the global agricultural market.If earlier the export of Ukrainian grain satisfied the needs of 40 million people, today this volume has increased to more than 400 million.During 2019-2021, Ukraine accounted for 10% of global wheat exports, about 50% of sunflower oil exports, and 15% of barley and corn exports.These indicators confirm the existence of a threat to global food security, which is also noted by the authors of the article [4], who tried to analyze the potential impact of military aggression against Ukraine on food production.
Agriculture provides about 20% of Ukraine's GDP, as well as more than 40% of total export revenues.This sector is also an important source of employment, employing about 15% of the population.Agricultural producers provide the country's population with almost 100% of the consumption of the main crops and vegetables and at least 80% of the meat consumption.Despite the significant potential of agriculture, the war seriously affected Ukraine's global and domestic food security.
It was found that in Ukraine, following the basic methodology for assessing and monitoring the state of economic and food security of the state, a list of key indicators and ranges of characteristic values is determined for each of its components (including food).The set of these data is the basis for calculating the integral indicator of each subsystem of the state's economic security.It was analyzed that the food security of Ukraine is characterized by a set of 11 indicators -basic quantitative indicators of the conditions under which the food security of the state is guaranteed.It has been proven that the national set of indicators of the state of food security (Table 1) contains a limited number of indicators.We agree with the scientific position of the authors of the work [9], who emphasizes that the indicator of calorie sufficiency at the household level is most often used as the only indicator of food security.We also draw attention to the rather limited list of indicators proposed in the methodological recommendations of Ukraine [12] for assessing food security.
These indicators as a whole cannot objectively help identify potential threats and make effective management decisions.This conclusion signals the existence of problems in the national methodology for assessing the state of food security, which is especially dangerous in the conditions of global economic turbulence.Thus, in the system of food security indicators of Ukraine (Table 1), there are no 1269 (2023) 012001 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1269/1/01200110 indicators at all in the areas of economic accessibility of food, food safety, resilience and adaptation, etc.The aggregate subindex of food security of Ukraine, calculated according to the national methodology, decreased from 90.06% in 2010 to 87.49% in 2021 (Table 2), but the real situation in the field of food security may be worse.
In the Global Food Security Ranking, Ukraine ranks 71st in the world and last among European countries.Relatively high indicators of quality and safety (71.3) are explained by indicators of food safety and protein quality.However, in the section "Resilience and adaptation" Ukraine has a rather weak position (score 43.5).Indeed, efforts are needed to implement a policy of protection and adaptation of its natural resources, especially sources of agricultural water.Over the past decade, Ukraine has seen improvements in political commitment to adaptation, but there is potential for improvement.Despite the sufficient amount of food in Ukraine, the accessibility indicator is low due to military aggression against Ukraine, weak infrastructure of the supply chain, a corruption component, and weak mechanisms for implementing the food security strategy.
The research papers of the authors [3,8,13,18] were continued in terms of finding relationships between certain indicators of the state of food security and factors influencing its level.A hypothesis is put forward regarding the existence of a direct relationship between the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles and the general level of economic accessibility of food in a specific country.To prove the hypothesis, a correlation between these indicators was found using data from 113 countries appearing in the Global Food Security Index database [15].The multiple regression equation ( 1) was obtained, which characterizes the degree of dependence of agricultural production in the country on sustainable development principles and general economic accessibility of food.The regression equation and the trend line are presented in Fig. 1.The calculated correlation coefficient (0.510) indicates the presence of an average relationship between the indicators.The coefficient of determination (25.97%) shows that almost 26% of the variation in the indicator of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles depends on changes in the economic accessibility of food.The relevance of the built model (1) was checked using the JASP software product.Therefore, the relationship between the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles and the general economic accessibility of food as a whole for 113 countries of the Global Food Security Index database has been recorded.The presence of a scientifically proven relationship means the expediency of systematically raising the living standards of the population.This will help reduce the negative impact of agricultural production on the environment, which is determined by a deep awareness of not only the basic needs of consumers but also the need to preserve natural resources for future generations.
In the study [7], a thorough analysis of dynamic spatiotemporal changes in food security was carried out, but the authors neglected the analysis of factors for different groups of countries, distributed depending on the level of economic accessibility of food.The authors of the study [17] in the process of analysis divide all countries into two groups depending on the level of income.Such consolidated distribution may lead to the formation of conclusions that will not take into account the all peculiarities of certain countries.Continuing these developments, the hypothesis was put forward that in countries with high economic accessibility of food, a stronger connection is formed between the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles than in countries with low economic accessibility of food.113 countries included in the Global Food Security Index database [15] were divided into five quintile groups according to the level of economic accessibility of food products.
It has been proven that more than 25% of the variation in the indicator of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles of the countries of the fifth quintile group is caused by changes in the economic accessibility of food.The rest of the fluctuations in the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles in 44 countries of the fifth quintile group in terms of the level of economic accessibility of food products is due to factors not taken into consideration in the study.The Fisher test of the formed model (F=14.2) is greater than the tabular value (Ftabl=4.073),so the hypothesis regarding the statistical significance of the relationship based on the econometric model (2) for 44 countries from the fifth quintile group is confirmed.

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The established significant relationship confirms the hypothesis that the significance of the relationship between the factors under study varies depending on the material well-being of the countries.In countries with a high level of economic accessibility of food products, the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles is high, and the connection with economic factors is significant.At the same time, in countries with medium and low economic accessibility of food, such a relationship cannot be considered statistically significant.
At the same time, this study has certain limitations.In particular, the global economic turbulence caused by the long-term pressure of COVID-19, political and military instability in the world is difficult to predict.Therefore, the recorded relationships between the level of economic accessibility of food and the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles may change under the influence of unstable external factors.Confirmed and evaluated relationships between the level of economic accessibility of food and the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles are available for practical application by all interested parties.

Conclusion
In the process of summarizing the conceptual bases of evaluating the state's food security system in conditions of global turbulence, the national and world practice in terms of monitoring the state of food security was analyzed.
It was found that the structure of indicators of food security of the state following national practice is not complete.Among the 11 indicators of the state of food security, there are no indicators in the areas of economic accessibility of food, food security, resilience and adaptation, etc.That is why the set of these indicators as a whole cannot objectively help identify potential threats and make effective management decisions.This conclusion signals the existence of problems in the national methodology for assessing the state of food security, which is especially dangerous in the conditions of global economic turbulence.The aggregate subindex of food security of Ukraine, calculated according to the national methodology, decreased from 90.06% in 2010 to 87.49% in 2021, but the real situation in the field of food security may be worse.
It was found that the global index of food security considers a much wider list of components, including issues of accessibility, availability, quality and safety of food products, resilience and adaptation.This indicator is a dynamic model of quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis based on 68 unique indicators.During 2012-2022, based on the results of the Global Index of Food Security, improvements in the quality of food, resilience and adaptation were recorded in Ukraine.However, the component which highlights the state of the country in the field of economic food sufficiency decreased by 10.3 points.This is explained by a decrease of 25.6 points in the evaluation of the indicator "Food safety programs" and by 21 points in the indicator "Change in average costs of food".According to these indicators, the country is in the "weak" range (40-54.9),which includes connected with the state of war in the country.
The hypothesis regarding the existence of a relationship between the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles and the general level of economic accessibility of food in a specific country was tested.The calculation of the correlation between these indicators for 113 countries appearing in the Global Food Security Index database allowed the construction of a multiple regression equation.The relevance of the built model is checked and proven.It was found that an increase in the economic accessibility of food in the country per unit would contribute to an increase in the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles by 0.225.The established and mathematically proven direct connection between indicators allows us to emphasize the need to raise the population's living standards.This is necessary to reduce the negative impact of the production of agricultural products on the environment, which results from the understanding by consumers of the need to satisfy not only basic needs but also to preserve natural resources for future generations.
The strength of the relationship between the level of economic accessibility of food and the degree of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles in different groups of countries, divided depending on the level of economic accessibility of food, was evaluated.The countries included in the Global Food Security Index research base were divided into five quintile groups according to the level of economic accessibility of food products.The calculation of correlations between the investigated indicators allowed us to confirm the proposed hypothesis that the strength of the connection between the factors depends on the material well-being of the countries.In countries with a high level of economic accessibility of food, the compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles is high, and the connection with economic factors is significant.At the same time, in countries with a low level of economic accessibility of food, such a relationship cannot be considered statistically significant.
Therefore, ensuring food security in the world becomes a priority and requires a comprehensive approach for its implementation.Thus, in our opinion, it is important to ensure the strengthening of food security through three main approaches: physical (by planning and implementing programs for the production and distribution of food volumes necessary to ensure adequate nutrition of people in various regions of the world; promoting food independence of the most vulnerable countries), economic (by governmental monitoring of food prices with the aim of harmonizing them with the subsistence minimum and guaranteeing the availability of a set of food products necessary to ensure the life and health of the population) and political (by initiating and implementing legislative initiatives that establish state standards of food security, which will form the basis of the development of consistent vectors of development and reforms in the social sphere).

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Correlation of compliance of agricultural production with sustainable development principles and the indicator of economic accessibility of food, 2021 (113 countries)Source: built by the authors based on data from the Global Food Security Index sample[15]

Table 2 .
Dynamics of food security indicators of Ukraine in the system of its economic security