Distribution of Active Urban Parks in Semarang City by Utilizing GIS

Active Urban Parks are part of public green open spaces that play a role for a city, especially for the citizens. Because this active urban park can be a place for people to socialize. This study aims to identify the distribution of active urban parks located in the city of Semarang, which is depicted on the map of urban park distribution. The approach used is qualitative inductive strategy. The method used is a spatial descriptive method using GIS. Based on the results of the analysis, in general the distribution of active urban parks in Semarang City was not evenly distributed. This can be seen from 16 Subdistrict in the City of Semarang, almost all subdistricts have, the distribution of active urban parks that have not yet reached the entire area in each of these subdistricts. From the 16 subdistricts, there are only 3 subdistrict that have a fairly even distribution of active urban parks, i.a. Semarang Timur subdistrict, Semarang Utara subdistrict and Banyumanik subdistrict. These findings will be able to provide information related to the location of active urban parks in Semarang City and their distribution, which is presented in the form of a distribution map so that it becomes more interesting and communicative.


Introduction
Population growth in urban areas that is increasingly growing, this of course will have an impact on the development of the city itself.In addition, the rise of urban development will indirectly affect existing land use patterns, including green open space.Where the compact city development process, can pose a threat to urban green space.Because the consolidation of land, especially private land that is done is not balanced by the addition of green space in public spaces [1].Green open space is one of the important components of the city in supporting the sustainability of the city itself and its people.Because green open space is currently focused on having an active function in the sense of social space, specifically.as a place for community interaction, sports facilities, and recreation areas [2].Urban Parks are part of green open spaces, especially those that are public and active.The existence of urban parks in urban areas certainly aims to be utilized by the wider community.Discussions related to urban parks, usually only discuss about public and green open spaces.However, little is studied how the urban park should be distributed geographically [3,4].Although urban parks are widely recognized to provide many social and ecological benefits, they are often distributed unevenly across all socio-economic and ethnic groups [5].This is in line with [6] which explains that there are differences between socioeconomic status and ethnicity in the community in accessing urban green spaces.Where people who have low economic status and as minority people, tend to have low access to urban parks, both in terms of quality, 1264 (2023) 012046 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1264/1/012046 2 maintenance and security [7].In addition, the distance between the park and the user will also influence the different types of user characteristics [8].This shows that there are variations in people's values towards green spaces, as well as differences in how people respond to green environments, one of which is based on distance [9].So, there is a need for research that discusses the distribution of green space, especially urban parks in an urban area, in order to determine the distribution of the reach of urban parks to users.This aims to make it easier for users to access urban parks because they are in accordance with their location.
The purpose of this study is to identify the distribution of active urban parks, with the Semarang City as study area, which is depicted on the map of active urban park distribution.In addition, supported by secondary data, the extent of each active urban park will also be applied to the distribution map.So that secondary data in the form of an inventory document active urban park of Semarang can be presented in the form of a distribution map, so that it can be more easily understood and can be used as input in conducting further research.Research similar about green open space to the Semarang City study area has been carried out before by [10], but the research focuses more on calculating the fulfilment of green open space, which is spelled out in terms of area and type.The results of this study will be able to provide information regarding the location of active urban parks in Semarang and their distribution, which is presented in the form of a distribution map so that it becomes more interesting and communicative.

Data & Methods
The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach with an inductive strategy.While the method used is a spatial descriptive method.This is because the findings of this study are at the end of the study and in identifying the distribution of urban park distribution in the Semarang City, using reference data obtained from the Dinas Perumahan dan Permukiman Kota Semarang, where the location of its existence is applied to maps that have been processed using spatial methods using GIS (more detail seen Figure 1. and Figure 2.) Other similar research has been carried out by [11], who examined green spaces using the RS mapping method to determine the type of vegetation cover spatially.Besides that, [12] has also researched urban green spaces used a method combining multidimensional landscape mapping with questionnaire surveys to find out how people use and assess urban green spaces, especially urban parks.So, from the analysis map that has been processed, it can be seen how the distribution of urban parks spread in 16 (sixteen) subdistricts in Semarang City.While the method of data collection is done by studying documents, that is data on urban park inventory in the Semarang City housing and settlement department.In addition, data collection is also done by accessing Google Street View, to find out the location of each park.This data is useful for knowing the exact location of urban parks, thereby producing valid mapping.Meanwhile, the used of Google Street View as a data collection method makes it easier to inventory data related to the existence of (secondary) urban parks.

Result and Analysis
The existence of active urban parks, especially in Semarang City, is a component that supports the sustainability of the city.Because with the existence of an active urban park that can reach the entire community, it can become a forum for people to carry out social activities or socialize with one another.Distribution of active urban parks in Semarang City can be known by identifying the existence of urban parks that are scattered in various subdistricts in Semarang City, which consists of 16 subdistricts.

Semarang Tengah Subdistrict
Based on a list of urban park inventory in Semarang City in 2017, in Semarang Tengah subdistrict there are 3 active urban parks, specifically Bubakan Park, Beringin Park and park of Balaikota Semarang area.In Figure .2. It can be seen that the distribution of active urban parks in Semarang Tengah Subdistrict has not been evenly distributed.The distribution tends to be located in the centres of activity only, while its presence in residential areas is not yet available.However, the three parks in this subdistrict have a sizeable area, Bubakan Park at 1,800 m2, Banyan Park at 2,875 m2, and park of Balaikota Semarang area at 1,312.80 m2.So that people whose areas have not been served, can access these three parks, where in addition to the strategic location, and the design also has quite an interesting design.More detail seen Figure.3a

Candisari Sub-districts
Based on an inventory of urban parks in Semarang City in 2017, in Candisari Subdistrict there are 2 active urban parks, specifically Cinde Park and Siranda Flower Path.In Figure .3., it can be seen that 1264 (2023) 012046 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1264/1/0120464 the distribution of active urban parks in Candisari Subdistrict has not been spread evenly.This is because the number of parks is minimal and the locations are far apart.In addition, although one of the parks has a fairly extensive area, specifically Siranda Flower Path of 3,000 m2, but the shape of this park extends bordered by a traffic lane, so that the function is not optimal.More detail seen Figure.

Gajahmungkur Subdistrict
Based on an inventory of urban parks in Semarang City in 2017, in Gajahmungkur Subdistrict there are 3 active urban parks, specifically Sudirman Park, Diponegoro Park, and Sampangan Park.In Figure .4. it can be seen that the distribution of active urban parks in Gajahmungkur Subdistrict has not been evenly distributed.Because the three parks located in this district are relatively close together, so they have not been able to reach all the sector in Gajahmungkur Subdistrict.However, the area of the three parks is quite wide, Sudirman Park is 2,779 m2, Diponegoro Park is 6,006 m2, and Sampangan Park is 2,000 m2.More detail seen Figure.4a

Semarang Utara Subdistrict
Based on the list of urban park inventory in Semarang City in 2017, in the Semarang Utara Subdistrict there are quite a lot of active urban parks, specifically as many as 10 urban parks.This is because Semarang Subdistrict is located in the Old City area of Semarang.So that there are several urban parks in this subdistrict, some of which are relics of the Dutch era.The ten ( 10   Although it has 30 active parks, the location of the parks is still centered to the west of Pedurungan subdistrict.This is because the area is a dense residential area.So that the existence of these parks aims to meet the population's need for socializing containers and is located as if approaching an area that has high population density.More detail seen Figure .5b.

Gayamsari Subdistrict
Based on the list of urban park inventory in Semarang City in 2017, in Gayamsari Subdistrict there are only 2 active urban parks, specifically Makro Park and Satwa Park.In Figure . 5c., it can be seen that the distribution of urban parks in Gayamsari Subdistrict has not been evenly distributed.This is because the number of parks is limited and the location has not yet reached all parts of this subdistrict, especially in the North which has not been served by active urban parks.However, there is one park that has a fairly large area, i.a.Satwa Park which has an area of 5695.8 m2.So that residents who have not been served by the park can use this Satwa Park to recreation or socializing.More detail seen Figure .5c.Mijen Gayamsari Subdistrict (Author, 2023)

Mijen Subdistrict
Based on an inventory of urban parks in Semarang City in 2017, in Mijen Subdistrict there are only 2 active urban parks, i.a.Mijen Urban Forest Park and Jatisari Park.Mijen subdistrict is a subdistrict that borders directly with Ngaliyan sub-districts.In Figure .5d. it can be seen that the distribution of parks in this subdistrict has not been evenly distributed.Because there are only 2 active urban parks and the location has not yet reached all areas in this Mijen subdistrict.However, similar to Ngaliyan subdistrict, even though it only has two parks, there is one active urban park that has a large area, i.a.Mijen Urban Forest Park with an area of 30,000 m2.So that residents who have not been served by parks in the area, can access this park to socializing.More detail seen Figure .5d.  .6a. it can be seen that the distribution of active urban parks in Ngaliyan subdistrict has not been evenly distributed.This is because of the limited availability of parks, which only amount to 2 parks and are located far apart.So that many areas in this subdistrict that have not been served by the park as a facility of socializing the population.However, one of the active urban parks in this Subdistrict has a sizeable area, which is the Rear Garden of the Ngaliyan subdistrict with an area of 16,472 m2, which is located behind the Ngaliyan subdistrict.So that residents whose areas have not been served by the park, can access this park.More detail seen Figure .6a.

Tugu Subdistrict
Based on an inventory of urban parks in Semarang City in 2017, there is no active urban park in Tugu Subdistrict yet.But for passive urban parks, there are already 1 (one) park in this subdistrict, i.a.Mangkang Park.

Semarang Selatan Subdistrict
Based on the list of urban park inventory in Semarang City in 2017, in Semarang Selatan subdistrict there are 11 active urban parks, which is the second highest number after Pedurungan subdistrict.This is because the Semarang Selatan Subdistrict covers the downtown area, Semarang City.One of the famous active urban parks located in this Subdistrict is the Pancasila Simpang Lima Field.Whereas the other 10 active urban parks are Pandanaran Park, Menteri Supeno Park, Imam Barjo Median Park, Sompok Park, Magga Park, Belimbing Park, Nanas Park, Erlangga I Park, Erlangga II Park and Park next to the Taman Makam Pahlawan.In Figure .6b.It can be seen that the distribution of active urban parks is fairly evenly distributed.In addition to the quite large number of 10 parks, in this subdistrict there are 2 famous active urban parks, specifically Simpang Lima Field with an area of 28,000 m2 and Menteri Supeno Park or now better known as Taman Indonesia Kaya with an area of 9,520 m2.So that some underserved areas can access this park, because it has easy and interesting access to visit.More detail seen Figure .6b.

Gunungpati Subdistrict
Based on the list of urban park inventory in Semarang City in 2017, in Gunungpati Subdistrict there are only 2 active urban parks, i.a.Sumurejo Park and Karanggeneng Campgrounds.In Figure .8a., can be seen that the availability of active urban parks in Gunungpati Subdistrict is limited, there are only 2 parks which are located quite far apart.The campsite is located in the southern part of Gunungpati subdistrict, while Sumurejo Park is located in the western part.So that residents who live in the eastern and northern parts of Gunungpati subdistrict, find it difficult to access the park.However, one of the parks, specifically Karanggeneng Campgrounds has a very large area of 50,000 m2.So that

Genuk Subdistrict
Based on the list of urban park inventory in Semarang City in 2017, in Genuk subdistrict there is only 1 (one) active urban park, i.a.Bangetayu Park.In Figure .8b., it can be seen that the availability of active urban parks in the Genuk subdistrict is very minimal, there is only 1 (one) park whose area is not too large.Besides that, it is located in a rural area, making it difficult for local subdistrict residents to access the park.More detail seen Figure .8b.

Conclusion
Urban parks are part of the public green open space whose existence is needed by humans.Because urban parks can be a place for socializing and recreation.Especially active urban parks, because people can directly access and use these urban parks freely.The distribution of active urban parks in Semarang City is identified per subdistricts.In general, the distribution of active urban parks in Semarang City has not been evenly distributed.This can be seen from 16 subdistricts in the city of Semarang, almost all districts of active urban park distribution are not evenly distributed.The distribution of Semarang Tengah subdistrict is not evenly distributed, but each park has a large area and is strategically located.Likewise, the distribution of Candisari subdistrict is not evenly distributed.Gajahmungkur subdistrict has an uneven distribution of parks, but the three parks in these subdistricts are strategic locations so that they are easily accessed.Distribution in Semarang Utara subdistrict is also not evenly distributed, but there is the famous and historic Park, that is Srigunting Park.While the Semarang Timur subdistrict has a fairly even distribution of urban parks.Although Pedurungan subdistrict has the most urban parks, its distribution is also not evenly distributed.
Similarly, the Gayamsari subdistrict has not been evenly distributed.The availability of parks in Mijen District and Ngaliyan District is also not evenly distributed, but there is a urban Forest Park covering an area of 30,000 m2 in Mijen District.While the Tugu District does not yet have an active urban park.South Semarang Subdistrict has a fairly even distribution of parks, besides that there is also a park which is a landmark of the City of Semarang in this district, i.a.Simpang Lima Square.Banyumanik District has a fairly even distribution of parks and there is a well-known park in this district, i.a.Tirto Agung Park.Semarang Barat Subdistrict and Gunungpati Subdistrict have uneven distribution of parks, but in Gunungpati Subdistrict there is a very large Campground which covers an area of 50,000 m2.While the Genuk subdistrict and Tembalang District the distribution of the park is also not evenly distributed, because there is only one park in each of these districts.The distribution of urban parks that are not yet well distributed will certainly influence user characteristics and the types of user activities in utilizing the parks [8].Because they tend to access parks only if they feel it is necessary/urgent, not because they fulfill the social needs, as is one of the goals of urban parks.This is because to reach the park, people are required to access a park that is further away from where they live, because there are no parks available near where they live (in 1 sub-district).So, this can raise people's perceptions of the existence of urban parks and how they respond to the surrounding environment.This is in line with [9] which explains that distance is one of the factors that can influence people's assessment of green spaces and how they respond to them.
It is expected that the development of green open spaces, especially urban parks in the future, can involve various parties.This is in line with [13] which states that good urban park management must involve all stakeholders.Not only the government but can also involve the community.Because green space is managed directly by the local community, it can spatially dominate the city [14].And supported by the existence of good maintenance of urban parks from the City Government, so that the community can be used as a facility for historical education as well as a public area for sports and recreation [15] [16].

Acknowledgements `
The author acknowledges receipt the financial support for the research, authorship and / or publication of this article.This research has been supported by superior research and strategic research for lecturer development funding from Vocational Scholl, Diponegoro University under grant number 20/UN7.M2/HK/II/2023.

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Haaland C and van Den Bosch C K 2015 Challenges and strategies for urban green-space planning in cities undergoing densification: A review Urban For Urban Green

3. 5
Semarang Timur Subdistrict Based on the list of urban park inventory in Semarang City in 2017, in Semarang Timur Subdistrict there are 9 active urban parks, specifically Progo Park, Sedane I Park, Rejosari Park, Rejomulyo Park, Nias II Park, Maluku I Park, Halmahera Park, Halmahera I Park, and Taman Ex-Rejomulyo Market.More detail seen Figure.5a.

Figure. 5 .
Figure. 5. Distribution of Urban Parks in (a) Semarang Timur; (b) Pedurungan; (c) Gayamsari; and (d) Mijen Gayamsari Subdistrict (Author, 2023) Subdistrict Based on the list of urban park inventory in Semarang City in 2017, in Ngaliyan Subdistrict there are only 2 active urban parks, i.a.Ngaliyan Park and the backyard of the Ngaliyan Subdistrict Office [12].In Figure

Figure. 6 .
Figure. 6. Distribution of Urban Parks in (a) Ngaliyan and (b) Semarang Selatan Subdistrict (Author, 2023) Subdistrict Banyumanik subdistrict is one of the subdistricts located in the Upper Semarang area, where the land use is dominated by settlements.Based on an inventory of urban parks in Semarang City in 2017, Banyumanik subdistrict has 8 active urban parks, specifically Rasamala Park, Kruing Park, Ulin Park, North Gaharu Park, East Gaharu Park, Tirto Agung Park, Wilis Park, and Bumirejo Park.In Figure.7a., It can be seen that the distribution of active urban parks in Banyumanik District is quite evenly distributed.But of the eight existing parks, which have a wide enough area there are only 4 parks, i.a.Rasamala Park with an area of 1,202 m2, Tirto Agung Park with an area of 6,000 m2, Wilis Park with an area of 1,055.64 m2, and the widest is Bumirejo Park which is an area of 16,825 m2.More detail seen Figure.7a.

Figure. 8 .Figure. 9 .
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