SWOT analysis to determine waste management strategy in Tenggilis Mejoyo District, Surabaya City

Tenggilis Mejoyo District, Surabaya City has had a population growth rate of 0,03% in the last ten years, so the amount of waste generation has also increased. Waste management in the district still applies the collect-and-dispose method which results in a large amount of waste that goes to the landfill. This study aims to examine the potential for household waste reduction that occurs in each waste source and determine strategies for improving household waste management. Waste generation data collection method with direct sampling method at the source according to SNI 19-3964-1994 as wee as interviews. The number of samples is 100 houses selected using a stratified random sampling approach which refers to the strata of population density. Interview data were analyzed using Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT) analysis to determine waste management strategies to increase waste reduction at the source. The results of this study indicate that the average household waste generation is 15.62 tons/day. Currently, household waste reduction reaches 19.3% from each waste source, namely waste banks, temporary disposal sites (TPS), Reduce Reuse Recycle waste disposal site (TPS 3R), and composting. Increasing reduction through waste utilization and increasing community participation is ideally planned to reach 28.5%. The results of the SWOT analysis show that household waste management is in the third quadrant, namely the turn-around strategy. The strategies that can be implemented consist of conducting socialization and training for the community, providing waste pick-up mechanisms by waste banks, scheduling a waste collection, and implementing technical guidance and periodic monitoring by Environmental Agency and collaborating with corporations.


Introduction
Tenggilis Mejoyo district is one of the districts in Surabaya City with an area of 5.477 km 2 .Tenggilis Mejoyo district has had a population growth rate of 0.03% in the last ten years.The rate of population growth that increases from year to year causes the amount of waste to continue to increase.Increasing waste production requires optimal waste management to reduce the amount of waste entering the landfill.However, waste management in Tenggilis Mejoyo District still applies the collect-transportdispose method because most of the waste generated goes to temporary disposal sites (TPS).More than 50% of the waste generated every day by Surabaya residents is collected at temporary disposal sites (TPS) [1].
One of the reasons for the minimum percentage of waste reduction is the low awareness and participation of the community in reducing waste at the source.The participation of the Tenggilis IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1263/1/012064 2 Mejoyo District community in sorting at the source is 37% [2].Therefore, the need for a 3R-based waste management system to reduce waste from the source hence that only residue is disposed of in the landfill [3].This study aims to examine the potential for household waste reduction that occurs in each waste source and determine strategies for improving household waste management.

Methods
There are three subdistricts were selected from the stratified random sampling method based on population density to be the location of the study, the subdistrict of Panjang Jiwo, Tenggilis Mejoyo, and Kutisari.Household waste generation rate data was collected based on SNI 19-3964-1994.Waste generation rate and composition were measured from household samples.The number of household samples was determined using the Slovin Formula.The estimated error used is 10%.The results of the Slovin Formula calculation were 100 householders.
In determining the reduction potential of household waste at each source, interviews and surveys were conducted to householders, waste banks, temporary disposal sites (TPS), and 3R waste disposal site (TPS 3R) to determine the existing household waste reduction.Thereafter, reduction calculations were carried out to determine the potential reduction through waste utilization and increasing community participation in the waste bank and composting activities.
SWOT analysis is used to analyze the results of surveys and interviews at each waste source.Interviews were conducted for 100 householders, waste bank managers, TPS managers, and TPS 3R manager.SWOT analysis will determine the factors that influence household waste management consisting of internal factors and external factors [4].These two factors have a high degree of correlation and combination to influence each other [5].The strategy for improving household waste management is based on a total score of internal and external factors, by using an Internal-External Matrix Model.

Existing household waste reduction in Tenggilis Mejoyo District
The analysis conducted in this study is an analysis of existing conditions at each waste source.An existing condition that is needed in this research includes waste generation conditions, composition, and the reduction of household waste.

3.1.1
Total generation and composition of household waste.Waste generation is the volume of waste or weight of waste generated from a type of waste source in a certain area per unit of time (Department of Public Works, 2004).The average household waste generation in Tenggilis Mejoyo District is 15.62 tons/day as shown in Table 1.The composition of waste is dominated by food waste 75.73%, the second largest plastic waste 8.71%, and the third largest paper waste 8.59%.The composition of household waste can be seen in Table 2. Existing reduction of household waste.Reduction of household waste in Tenggilis Mejoyo District has been done.The accusers of household waste reduction activities are waste generators (community), TPS 3R workers, waste collection officers, and scavengers.Waste reduction at the source by sorting the waste generated every day before being transported to temporary disposal sites (TPS), selling waste to the waste bank, and composting at home.However, most communities don't do waste reduction.Usually, the waste that has been disposed of will be sorted by scavengers who go around.Besides that, sorting is also done by waste collectors at TPS and TPS 3R workers.The more the number of waste reduction accusers, the less the amount of waste generation will be, thus it can ease the processing in the landfill.The opportunity to implement waste recycling in Indonesia is very large when looking at the characteristics of waste in Indonesia [6].Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number 21/2006 states that waste reduction is carried out as much as possible from the source.Therefore, the active role of the community is needed, especially in reducing the amount of waste generation, sorting types of waste that can be utilized, and changing people's behavior in managing waste [7].In addition, the informal sector plays an important role in recycling activities in Indonesia [8].
The existing condition of household waste reduction in Tenggilis Mejoyo District consists of reduction through waste banks, TPS, TPS 3R, and composting.Waste reduction from waste banks, TPS, and TPS 3R was obtained through the calculation of recovery factor value.Recovery Factor (RF) is the percentage of each waste component that can be reused, recovered, or recycled [9].Meanwhile, waste reduction through composting was obtained from the community questionnaire results.Based on the results, it is known that people who have reduced waste through composting are 8% or as many as 4,073 people.The existing reduction of household waste in Tenggilis Mejoyo District is summarized in Table 3.
Table 3. Existing reduction of household waste.The total participation factors in the utilization of existing waste in each waste reduction source are 19.3% of the total waste.Table 3 shows that the total waste reduction rate based on 4 sources of waste is still small.This is caused by minimal community participation in waste reduction at the source.The community in Tenggilis Mejoyo District tends to dispose of its waste directly without sorting it.
It is known that the national waste reduction is 25.23%, while the existing waste reduction in Tenggilis Mejoyo District is 19.3% [10].The difference in the value of national waste reduction and Tenggilis Mejoyo District is due to national waste reduction data coming from all regions of Indonesia, where there are areas that have done their waste reduction well hence the value is different from the waste reduction value in Tenggilis Mejoyo District.This difference can be seen in two regions in East Java, namely Malang City and Madiun City.Malang City has managed to reduce waste by 25.65% and Madiun City has also been able to reduce waste by 26.02%.

Potential reduction of household waste in Tenggilis Mejoyo District
Effective waste reduction can be done with 3R-based waste management focuses on the importance of reducing waste, reusing waste, and recycling waste [11].The potential reduction in this study was carried out through waste banks, temporary disposal sites (TPS), 3R waste disposal site (TPS 3R), and composting.

3.2.1
Potential reduction through waste banks.In existing conditions, the value of the participation factor (PF) of waste banks is obtained from the number of current waste bank customers divided by the total population in Tenggilis Mejoyo District.It is known that the number of existing customers is 261 households divided by the total number of households in Tenggilis Mejoyo District 17,262 households, hence the existing participation factor (PF) value of waste bank is 1.5%.The participation factor is still very small thus an increase in customers number is needed in ideal conditions.
The increasing rate of community participation in ideal conditions uses the value of Likert questionnaire results on the intention aspect.Based on the result, it can be seen that 50% of the community has the intention to become a waste bank customer.The reason for using community intention for determining the increase in participation factor (PF) is because this value represents the willingness of the community to become waste bank customers in the future.The calculation of participation factor (PF) rate can be calculated using equation (1).
Using equation ( 1), the increasing rate of community participation in becoming a waste bank customer for the next 5 years scenario is 9.7%.Therefore, the number of customers in ideal condition can be known by multiplying the number of households in Tenggilis Mejoyo District by the ideal PF rate (9.7%).Based on the results of calculations from 6 active waste banks, the total number of ideal customers is 1.674 householders, or equivalent to 5,022 people.
After knowing the customers under ideal conditions, the amount of waste that can be reduced by waste banks in ideal conditions can be calculated.In this calculation, the waste generation rate deposited by customers uses the existing generation rate where all waste that can be reduced is 0,028 kg/person/day.The calculation of the amount of waste reduced can be calculated using equation (2).
Using equation ( 2), if there is an increasing number of customers, then waste that can be reduced is 141.38 kg/day or 0.91% of the total household waste generated by communities in Tenggilis Mejoyo District.This percentage value increases from the existing condition which is only 0.09% of the total household waste in Tenggilis Mejoyo District.

3.2.2
Potential reduction through TPS and TPS 3R.In this study, to see the reduction potential in Tenggilis Mejoyo District, a comparison was made between the existing recovery factor (%RF) and recovery factor (%RF) from previous studies.The existing %RF itself is based on the existing waste generation in TPS and TPS 3R.The ideal %RF used in this study is the ideal %RF that's close to the existing %RF.A comparison of %RF values can be seen in Table 4.

Waste composition
Existing %RF % RF 1 [12]   % RF 2 [13]   % RF 3 [14]   % RF 4 [15]   % RF 5 [16]  Ideal % RF  4, each waste that can be utilized will be multiplied by the ideal %RF to determine the waste reduction potential at TPS and TPS 3R.The calculation results of waste reduction at TPS and TPS 3R in ideal conditions can be seen in Table 5 and Table 6.TPS is small because the residue is still high due to the type of waste in TPS being dominated by organic waste that can't be utilized in TPS.Based on Table 6, the increasing waste reduction in TPS 3R is quite high.Among 5,661.67 kg/day of waste entering TPS 3R, the potential waste reduction that can be utilized is 3,196.01kg/day and the residue is 2,456.66kg/day.Therefore, it can be seen that TPS 3R contributes to reducing waste by 20.46% of the total household waste in Tenggilis Mejoyo District.

3.2.3
Potential reduction through composting.The existing condition of waste reduction through composting is still very low.Based on the questionnaire results, only 8% of the total population of Tenggilis Mejoyo District, or equal to 4,073 people have done composting, and 92% (46,840 people) of the population don't do composting.The reasons why people don't do composting can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Reasons people don't do composting.
Increasing waste reduction through composting is done by increasing the number of people participating in composting activities using Likert questionnaire scores on the intention aspect.Based on the results, 70% of the community has the intention to manage waste with the 3R concept, one of which is by composting activities if supported by adequate facilities.This target is planned for people who don't do composting because they don't have composting equipment.The calculation results of ideal conditions for waste reduction through composting can be seen in Table 7.  7, waste reduction optimization through composting is done by increasing the number of people who participate in composting activities.The ideal number of people is obtained from the sum of people who have done composting and 70% people who don't do composting because they don't have composting equipment.The ideal compost weight can be calculated using equation (3).
Using equation ( 3), it is known that compost weight after the increasing number of people who do composting is 44.94 kg/day.Composting activities contribute to reducing waste by 0.3% of the total household waste in Tenggilis Mejoyo District.

3.2.4
Potential reduction of household waste.The potential reduction comes from the calculation of waste at each waste source.Reduction potential is expected to be a comparison and one of the planning efforts that can be made by the government and the Tenggilis Mejoyo District community in terms of waste management.The potential reduction of household waste in Tenggilis Mejoyo District can be seen in Table 8.Based on Table 8, there is an increased amount of waste that can be utilized at each waste source, the potential utilization of waste is 4,431 kg/day or 28.4% of the total household waste in Tenggilis Mejoyo District.When compared with existing waste reduction (Table 3), it's known there is an increase in waste reduction almost 2 times the existing waste reduction.

SWOT analysis of strategies for improving household waste management
The strategy for improving household waste management in Tenggilis Mejoyo District uses SWOT analysis (Strenght, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat).Analysis based on data obtained through surveys and interviews.Each factor is given a weight of importance and rating based on existing conditions of waste management.The higher the weighting value on positive factors, the greater the strength and opportunity.Otherwise, the higher the value of negative factors, the greater the weaknesses and threats.
Internal factor analysis.Internal factors consist of strengths and weaknesses.The analysis of internal factors can be seen in Table 9. Household waste management strategy.Based on the internal-external matrix, the calculation results of the difference value between internal factors and external factors are the x-axis and y-axis values (-0.79;0.11) in the SWOT quadrant.The position of household waste management in the SWOT quadrant can be seen in Figure 2. The quadrant position in Figure 2 shows the strategies that can be developed to improve household waste management.The position of household waste management is in quadrant III, hence the strategy that can be executed is the weakness-opportunity strategy or turn-around strategy, which minimizes weaknesses by taking advantage of existing opportunities [17].
Strategies preparation is executed to provide an overview of household waste management systems following the conditions needed in the field.An explanation of the strategies that can be implemented to improve household waste management in Tenggilis Mejoyo District is as follows: 1. Socialization to the community about waste sorting and 3R-based waste management Based on questionnaire results, it was found that 65% of the community had never participated in socialization and 35% of the community had participated.Socialization can be executed by environmental facilitators, districts, and communities.Socialization aims to provide the understanding and improve the ability of the community about waste management, therefore the community has social awareness to change behavior in processing waste [18].Through socialization, the community is expected to learn and know how to sort waste and manage waste with the 3R concept hence the community can participate in reducing the amount of waste from its source.

Expand restrictions on using single-use plastic bags through government regulations
Local government regulation No. 16/2022 needs to expand the restriction on the use of plastic bags and the obligation to use eco-friendly bags.The implementation of this regulation only applied to businesses in shopping centers, public markets, convenience stores, and restaurants.It is recommended that the ban on using plastic bags can also be applied to the community.
Based on the results of the Likert analysis about people's intention and behavior toward the use of eco-friendly bags, it's known that 84% of people have intention.

Provide waste pick-up mechanism by waste banks
The existing condition of waste banks in Tenggilis Mejoyo District is customers who want to sell waste must bring their waste to the waste bank.Based on interviews with the community, this mechanism according to some people was difficult because customers had to store the selected waste first and deliver the selected waste to the waste bank.Door to door waste pickup mechanism is a solution that can be implemented for people who don't have time and laziness to deliver their waste directly to the waste bank.This mechanism is expected to increase community participation in becoming waste bank customers.4. Development of waste banks by utilizing corporate sponsorship opportunities Some of the waste banks in Tenggilis Mejoyo District are waste banks encouraged by a corporation.Panji Artha 01 waste bank in Panjang Jiwo Sub-district is a waste bank assisted by Unilever.Semongko waste bank and Resman 06 waste bank in Kendangsari Sub-district is waste banks assisted by Bank Sampah Induk Surabaya (BSI).The corporation assists waste banks in Tenggilis Mejoyo District in the form of equipment and bookkeeping facilities as well as special teams to provide guidance.This opportunity can be utilized by the community to establish and develop waste banks.

Conduct training about how to do composting
Organic waste reduction can be done by composting.However, the questionnaire results in Figure 1 show that most people don't know how to do composting.Therefore, districts and CSR from corporations can provide training about how to do composting for the community, thus with socialization, there will be an increase in the number of communities who do composting activities.

Scheduling waste collection by waste collectors
Based on the results of interviews with waste collectors, 52% of officers agree to schedule waste collection.Scheduling waste collection can be done according to the type of waste thus the segregated waste is not mixed in waste collection carts which makes it easier for officers at TPS, TPS 3R, or TPA to handle the waste.Meanwhile, 48% of officers who disagree prefer to provide a partition on the waste collection carts for each different type of waste.7. Technical guidance program from the district and periodic monitoring with evaluation from Environmental Agency Technical guidance activities scheduled by the district regularly aim to monitor the development of waste banks and provide solutions for waste banks that experience difficulties.Monitoring activities accomplished by Surabaya Environment Agency aim to determine the development of waste banks and composting every year.Additionally, monitoring activities can be accomplished at TPS 3R Tenggilis to observe the state of facilities and infrastructure that support waste processing at TPS 3R.

Conclusion
Based on the result data and discussion, the conclusion of this research is the existing household waste reduction in Tenggilis Mejoyo District is 19,3%, assuming an increase in household waste reduction made through waste utilization and increased community participation, the reduction potential in

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Household waste management position in the SWOT quadrant.

Table 1 .
Total waste generation of household waste.

Table 2 .
The composition of household waste.

Table 5 .
Ideal condition of reduction through TPS.

Table 5
, it's known that from 9,499.19 kg/day of waste entering TPS, the potential waste reduction can be utilized is 1,048.68kg/day and the residue is 8,450.52kg/day.The contribution of TPS reducing waste is 6.71% of the total household waste in Tenggilis Mejoyo District.The contribution of 6

Table 6 .
Ideal condition of reduction through TPS 3R.

Table 7 .
Ideal condition of reduction through composting.

Table 8 .
Potential reduction of household waste.

Table 9 .
Internal Factors Matrix.External factor analysis.External factors consist of opportunities and threats.The analysis of external factors can be seen in Table10.