Characteristics of the aquatic environment as a basis for brackish water pond development in the Padang Pariaman regency area, Indonesia

The coast of Padang Pariaman Regency is one of the shrimp productions centra area in West Sumatera Province. This study aims to show water conditions in aquaculture areas for vanname shrimp pond. Carried out every month through insitu and exsitu water sampling and analysis in 6 locations from May-July 2022. Observations were made on water physical-chemistry parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen-DO, COD, ammonia, TSS and phosphate). Data were analyzed descriptively, compared with environmental quality standards for biota based on decree of Government Number 22 of 2021. Based on the analysis, it is known that the range (and standard deviation) of water quality varies, namely temperature 26.7-33.5 °C (29.79±1.93 °C), pH 7.37-8.8 (7.86±0.31), salinity 25-36 ‰ (29.83±2.94 ‰), DO 6.01-8.90 mg/l (7.70±0.99 mg/l), ammonia 0.01-3.25 mg/l (1.65±0.91 mg/l), phosphate 0.03-0.33 mg/l (0.18±0.09 mg/l), TSS 2.03-14.46 mg/l (4.49±3.32 mg/l), and COD 17.6-88.0 mg/l (54.76± 21.25 mg/l). Based on the observations, it can be concluded with the condition of the brackish pond waters is good for the development of vanname shrimp aquaculture.


Introduction
Padang Pariaman Regency is one of the longest coastal districts in West Sumatra Province.This district is a stretch of low land with an altitude of 0-100 meters above sea level.Its land area reaches 1,328.79km2 with a coastline of about 43.11 km.Padang Pariaman Regency is located on the west coast of Sumatra, directly opposite the Indian Ocean.The coastal dynamics of Padang Pariaman Regency are strongly influenced by the powerful waves of the Indian Ocean reaching the coast.The maximum wave height can reach 3 m which occurs in July and December.The tidal pattern in this area is a diurnal tide with tidal fluctuations of 2-3 meters [1].
In 2014 the district government of Padang Pariaman tried to develop the fishery sector in the field of coastal cultivation [1].The main commodity cultivated is vanname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).This vanname shrimp pond was originally built on vacant land which was considered unproductive.However, in the same year there was a crop failure and cultivation activities were stopped.In 2016, vanname shrimp cultivation activities were revived investors from outside the Padang Pariaman Regency area.Since then, vanname shrimp aquaculture activities have begun to develop along the

Time and location
This research was conducted in the coastal aquaculture areas of Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra from May to July 2022.Research activities include observation and sampling in the field and laboratory analysis.Sample analysis activities were carried out at the Water Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Andalas University.Water sampling in this study was carried out at six observation stations.Each side position can be seen in Figure 1.

Materials and tools
Materials used in this study, namely HNO3 and HCl4.The tools that will be used in this research are the sample storage box (cool box), large plastic, thermometer, pH meter, DO meter, hand salinometer, refractometer, pipette, 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask, AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry).

Research procedure
Several parameters were observed in aquaculture areas, coastal areas and estuaries, while several other parameters analyzed in the laboratory.Water samples for exsitu analysis were taken in the field and then put into sample bottles.After that it was analyzed in the laboratory using AAS.The parameters observed in the study, the units used, the method of analysis, and the place of analysis are shown in Table 1.

Data analysis
Data analysis was descriptive.The description of changes in the value of physico-chemical parameters during this research.The data obtained from both field and laboratory analysis results were compared with water quality standards according to PP no.22 Year 2021.

Observation area condition a. Station 1
Station one is part of the coastal end of Batang Anai District of Padang Pariaman Regency which is used as a location for aquaculture.This station is before the mouth of the Batang Anai River.The distance between the station one and the estuary of the Batang Anai River is approximately 2 km.The pond area closest to the beach is about 3.4 meters.The shoreline area does not found coastal vegetation.

b. Station 2
Station two is the middle part of the coastal area of Batang Anai District of Padang Pariaman Regency which is densely populated by ponds.This station has the most dense number of ponds among other locations.This station is also the only area that has a shrimp pond that juts into the mainland.This pond is right next to Minangkabau International Airport (BIM).The pond area closest to the beach is approximately 3.0 meters.The shoreline area does not found coastal vegetation.The distance from station 2 to station 3 is around 3 km.

c. Station 3
Station three is the initial area from the coast of Batang Anai District which is used as a shrimp pond area.This station has the least number of ponds among other stations.The location of shrimp ponds at this station is side by side with various other coastal community activities.Like residential areas, the beaches in this area are used for tourism, fishermen's markets, and place of the fishermen land their boats.Some points on the edge of the beach there are still coastal vegetation, such as sea pine trees.
The pond closest to the shoreline is about 57.3 meters.

d. Station 4
Station four is the body area of the Batang Anai River of Padang Pariaman Regency.The sampling point is approximately 0.9 km from the estuary of the Batang Anai River.Batang Anai River is used by some people as a place to mine river sand.The community uses the river border area for various activities, including as a place to anchor boats, a place to sell fisherman's catch, a location for raising cattle, and fishing.The Batang Anai river flows into several small rivers.One of them is a tributary that comes out of the aquaculture area in Batang Anai District.These small rivers come from different areas which also carry different loads or wastes.Starting from household waste, waste from vanname shrimp farming activities and waste from sand mining activities.

e. Station 5
Station five is the estuary area of the Batang Anai River, Padang Pariaman Regency which is directly connected to the sea.The color of the water that comes out of the estuary of the Batang Anai River is more murky than the color of the surrounding sea waters.

Water quality characteristics
Land suitability is the suitability of a land for certain uses through determining the value of the land associated with the potential of the area, so that land use can be carried out in a precise and directed manner [7].The suitability of pond land is the most important thing in shrimp aquaculture, it aims to maintain production levels and ensure the development of a better aquaculture business.Choosing the wrong pond location will cause problems, including increasing construction costs, operating cultivation, and can cause environmental problems.The success of vanname shrimp cultivation is largely determined by the location selection.A pond land is suitable for use if it fulfills certain conditions so that the life of vanname shrimp is not disturbed so that pond production gives satisfactory results.Criteria or requirements in selecting suitable land for shrimp pond cultivation vary from one location to another depending on the technology and cultivation pattern used [8].To ensure that environmental conditions can support vanname shrimp farming activities, it is necessary to conduct a land suitability study based on conditions that affect shrimp life, safety, and sustainability of aquaculture [9].
Land suitability studies are very important because land has various physical, social, economic and geographical characteristics or the land is created differently.The study of soil suitability can be read from water quality such as water temperature, salinity, water depth, brightness, pH value, DO, nitrate and phosphate [9].Land feasibility analysis can also be carried out by taking into account several factors, including: location protection, water quality conditions (physical and chemical), water fertility, availability of natural seeds, and social infrastructure.Water quality is the composition of water and the content of living organisms, energetic substances, or other constituents in water [10].Rahmadhani et al. [11] stated that water quality is one of the keys to the success of aquaculture business apart from the land suitability factor.The good and bad quality of aquaculture water will affect the growth process of shrimp, shrimp activity, shrimp appetite, molting process, as well as shrimp body resistance to disease which will ultimately affect the rearing results [10].Result of water qualitity observation is presented in Table 2.

a. Water temperature
Temperature is one of the most important water quality parameters which is very important for the life of aquatic biota.Temperature can have a direct and indirect effect on the life of aquatic biota.Temperature can directly affect the metabolic activity of aquatic biota, while indirectly temperature can affect the solubility of oxygen in the waters.
The water temperature suitable for the growth of vanname shrimp is between 27-30 o C, although vanname shrimp can still live normally up to a temperature of 35 o C. If the water temperature is higher than the optimum temperature for the life of vanname shrimp, it causes the shrimp metabolism to accelerate, consequently the need for oxygen will increase [12].On the other hand, if the temperature is below the optimum, which is around 18-27 o C, the shrimp's appetite will begin to decrease.The temperature between 12-27 o C is a dangerous temperature for the growth of vanname shrimp.A temperature of 12 o C will cause the vanname shrimp to die.
Based on the measurements results at the research site, the water temperature values obtained ranged from 26.72-33.54°Cwith an average of 29.79 o C. If the results of this measurement are compared with the opinion above and the standard value of sea water quality according to PP no.22 in 2021, the temperature obtained in the field can still support vanname shrimp aquaculture activities.

b. Total suspended solid (TSS)
Total suspended solids are suspended materials (diameter > 1μm) retained on a millipore sieve with a pore diameter of 0.45μm.Total suspended solids consist of mud, fine sand, and micro-organisms such as plankton.Suspended material can increase turbidity values and adversely affect water quality by reducing the penetration of the sun into water bodies.This can cause disruption of the photosynthetic process of phytoplankton and other aquatic plants (producers) [13].Disruption of the photosynthesis process decreases supply of oxygen to the water and increases the supply of dissolved CO2.
Water quality criteria based on TSS content are divided into several groups.Among them are suspended solids < 25 mg/L both as a medium for fish cultivation; 25-80 mg/L has little effect as a medium for fish cultivation; 81-400 mg/L is not good as a medium for fish cultivation; and > 400 mg/L is not good for fish culture media.
Based on the observations of seawater samples in the laboratory, the TSS values obtained ranged from 2.03-14.46mg/l with an average of 4.49 mg/L.The value obtained is still far below the reference value for sea water quality as stipulated in PP no.22 of 2021, in which the TSS value that is still allowed to be contained in sea water ranges from 20-80 mg/L.So, if the results of this measurement are compared with the opinions of the experts above and PP No.22 of 2021, then the TSS content of the waters of Padang Pariaman Regency is included in the safe category for marine biota including vanname shrimp.

c. Degree of acidity of water (pH)
The pH value shows the ionic activity in the water and shows the balance of acid and bases in the water.The pH level of a waters can be used as an indicator of pollution by organic matter.When organic matter is high in the water, the decomposition process will last for a long time.During the decomposition process, the utilization of oxygen will also be prolonged, thereby reducing oxygenation of the waters.On the other hand, the concentration of carbon dioxide will increase.Besides being able to be used as an indicator of organic matter pollution, pH can also control the type and rate of chemical reactions in water.
The pH value of seawater under natural conditions is usually neutral and these conditions are suitable for shrimp farming activities.Brackish water acts as a buffer for pH variables, so it is very rare for the pH to drop to 6.5 or increase to >9.A low pH value causes the dissolved oxygen content to decrease, thereby reducing oxygen consumption and shrimp appetite.The low pH also causes the shrimp to become porous and too soft because they cannot form new shells.Conversely, when the pH value is high, it can cause an increase in ammonia which is harmful to shrimp and can trigger an explosion of plankton growth (algae blooming) [12].
The optimum amount of water pH for fish and shrimp to live is around 6.5-8 (neutral), this range represents the optimum balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and at this value various harmful microorganisms will be difficult to develop [14].The recommended pH concentration for the vanname shrimp culture environment is between 7.5 and 8.5.
Based on observations in the field, the pH values obtained ranged from 7.37 to 8.8 with an average of 7.86.When this value was compared with the value of the pH quality standard for shrimp pond cultivation and the sea water quality standard stipulated by PP No. 22 in 2021, the pH obtained can still support marine life, including vanname shrimp.

d. Dissolved oxygen (DO-Dissolved Oxygen)
Dissolved oxygen (DO-Dissolved Oxygen) is one of the most important water quality variable in fisheries.Dissolved oxygen comes from the process of photosynthesis by phytoplankton or other aquatic plants and comes from the process of diffusion of oxygen from the atmosphere into the water.The solubility of oxygen in water is also influenced by other variables such as temperature, salinity, organic matter and water clarity.The reduced in dissolved oxygen levels in water can be caused by the process of respiration, as well as the decomposition of organic matter by decomposing microorganisms [15].
Dissolved oxygen is needed by aquatic organisms in metabolic processes and is needed in the process of decomposing organic matter by decomposing microorganisms in water.Furthermore, it was added by [16] that dissolved oxygen is closely related to the load of organic matter pollution.Therefore, dissolved oxygen, the presence of dissolved oxygen becomes a limiting factor in aquatic environment and is an indicator of organic matter contamination in the waters.
The results of observations made during May to July, stated that the DO value ranged from 6.01-8.9mg/l.According to PP No 22 of 2021 on environmental protection and management practices, the dissolved oxygen content according to sea water quality standard for marine biota is > 5 mg/l.If the DO value obtained during the study is compared with the quality standard according to PP No. 22 of 2021, the DO concentration in Padang Pariaman Regency's water bodies can support the vanname shrimp aquaculture activities.

e. Salinity
Salinity or salt content is total concentration of dissolved salts in water expressed in mg/l or in permil (‰).Based on observations at the research site, the salinity values obtained ranged from 25-36 with an average of 29.83.Good salinity for the growth of vanname shrimp ranges from 15-30.If the salinity 35 then shrimp growth will be hampered, whereas if the salinity 50 shrimp will die.According to Aulia [12] high salinity can cause shrimp growth to slow down.This is because more energy is used for osmoregulation than for growth.Salinity 12 shrimp will not be disturbed such as high salinity, but the metabolism of pigment is not perfect and shrimp skin becomes soft, so it is more susceptible to disease.
Salinity that is not suitable for the life of vanname shrimp, can cause the level of pond production to be not optimal.If this happens, especially in the field of aquaculture, it will cause disruption to the growth and harvest of the biota itself [14].
Based on this explanation, it can be concluded that the salinity of seawater in Padang Pariaman Regency support shrimp farming activities.However, the salinity obtained is still relatively low when comparing the field measurements with the water quality standards according to Decree No. 22/2021.This is because the quality standard for salinity parameters according to Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 is 33-34.
f. Ammonia Waste from shrimp farming activities contains ammonia compounds derived from the remains of shrimp metabolism and the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms.Based on the results of laboratory analysis that the ammonia content in the waters of Padang Pariaman Regency ranged from 0.01 to 3.25 mg/l.According to Decree of Goverment No. 22 of 2021, the level of ammonia exceeded the permissible standard for seawater quality of 0.02-0.3mg/L.The concentration of dissolved ammonia in water that is allowed as a medium for shrimp pond cultivation is less than 1.6 ppm.

g. Phosphate
Phosphate is a compound derived from the activity of fertilization and is the result of the decomposition (mineralization) organophosphorus compounds by microorganisms.The optimal level of phosphate to support the life of vanname shrimp is 1-3 mg/l.According to measurement results, the phosphate level in waters of Padang Pariaman Regency is 0.03-0.33mg/l.The achieved phosphate concentration exceeded the specified quality standard (PP No. 22 of 2021 on environmental protection and management practices) of 0.015 mg/l.High concentration of phosphate is thought to have come from domestic waste, plantations, and vanname shrimp aquaculture.

h. Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) value is a measure of water loading from naturally biologically oxidized organic matter.According to Yusuf and Handoyo [17] the COD value is <80 mg/L (loose rules) and the ideal value is <25 mg/L.If the COD level is > 200 ppm, it indicates that the waters have been polluted.The results of COD measurements during May to July, it was found that the COD values in the water bodies of Padang Pariaman Regency ranged from 17.6-88.0mg/l.If the opinion of [17] is compared with the results of COD measurements, it can be said that the waters of Padang Pariaman Regency are still in good condition.So that it can support vanname shrimp aquaculture activities.

Discussion
The area of shrimp ponds in Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency has increased every year.It was recorded that in 2019, the shrimp pond area had reached 35.8 ha.The expansion of the pond area causes an increase in pressure on the coastal environment and its surroundings.These pressures both come from land conversion and from the generated aquaculture waste.Waste from aquaculture activities that enter the waters contains both organic and inorganic compounds, which affect water quality conditions ranging from physical, chemical, and biological parameters.The results of measuring water quality in coastal waters of Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency which are influenced by the presence of vanname shrimp ponds can be seen in Table 2.
The temperature values obtained during the study both in the coastal area and the Batang Anai river showed low fluctuations in values.However, the temperature range is at a normal level based on the quality standards issued by PP. 22 in 2021 and this is also in accordance with the optimal temperature value for the life of vanname shrimp, which is the range of 28-30 [14].The results of temperature measurements during this study are comparable to the results of Wardani et al. [18], where the temperature values obtained are in the normal range of seawater.
The range of total suspended solids (TSS) obtained during the study also shows low fluctuations.The TSS value obtained in the coastal area has a lower value than the TSS value obtained in the Batang Anai River.The high content of TSS in the waters of the Batang Anai River is due to the fact that the river waters carry a lot of sediment or other suspended particles originating from various activities around the Batang Anai River watershed, so that the river waters are more murky than the sea waters.The highest TSS content is in the river area and decreases to sea waters in line with research conducted by Surbakti et al. [19].This is because the concentration of TSS is higher in areas close to the pollutant sources and decreases as it is diluted towards the sea.
The average pH value of the waters obtained in Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency does not show significant fluctuations between one station and another.Among the six stations, station six, namely shrimp pond ponds, has the highest pH.However, the pH value in the coastal waters of Batang Anai District and vanname shrimp ponds is still within the normal range for the life of aquatic biota, including vanname shrimp.As the quality standard value for the pH parameter set by PP. 22 in 2021, which is 7-8.5.When compared with similar studies that measure the pH concentration of seawater, the research by Juniardi et al. [20] has the same pH range, which ranges from 7.20 to 8.90.
Based on the measurement results of dissolved oxygen (DO), the concentration of dissolved oxygen in coastal areas is higher than in estuaries and ponds.This can be caused because the coastal waters have clear waters so that the photosynthesis process runs optimally.Station four which is the body of the Batang Anai river has the lowest oxygen concentration.This is presumably because station four receives a lot of organic material from various sources, therefore a lot of oxygen is needed to decompose the organic material.The more the amount of organic matter in the water, the less the remaining dissolved oxygen content in the water [15].Another factor that causes the low dissolved oxygen content at this station is the high level of turbidity at this station compared to other stations which can be seen from the high value of TSS.The high value of turbidity causes inhibition of the photosynthesis process, so that photosynthesis does not run optimally.
In general, dissolved oxygen content values in waters of Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency is still in a good range to support the life of aquatic biota, including vanname shrimp.This is supported by PP No. 22 of 2021 which reads, the dissolved oxygen content that must be in the waters is more than 5 mg/L.Comparing the measured oxygen concentration in the waters of Batang Anai District with the results of Surbakti et al. [19] research conducted in the coastal area of Bojonegara, Banten Bay, it is found that the average oxygen content in the waters of Batang District is higher than the oxygen concentration in Bojonegara, Banten Bay.
The salinity content of the coastal waters of Batang Anai District, Batang Anai River and shrimp ponds showed less fluctuating results.The salinity range obtained is still in the same range.This is different from the results of Wardani et al. [18], that the salinity he gets has large fluctuations.According to [16], the salinity of free seawater is ultra-haline, which means it has a high salinity range, which is around 30-36 ppt.This statement agrees with the average results of seawater salinity measurements in the coastal area of Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency, which ranges from 30.67-32.67‰.While the average salinity at stations four and five is lower than the other stations.This is because stations 4 and 5 are part of the river body and the estuary of the Batang Anai River.The presence of freshwater input makes the salinity at this station smaller.Several factors that affect the salinity of seawater are circulation patterns, evaporation, rainfall, river water flow, and the duration of the tides that bring seawater into the estuary area and the supply of fresh water from rivers.
The average ammonia content in coastal waters and rivers in Batang Anai District has a high value, which exceeds the quality standard value for the permissible concentrations of ammonia in the environment.According to the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021 on environmental protection and management practices, the total ammonia level that can still be tolerated for marine biota is 0.3 mg/L.The ammonia value in this study was higher than the results of the study Amien et al. [21] which had an ammonia range of 0.089 to 0.727 mg/L.The high concentration of ammonia in the waters of Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency is caused by the large amount of organic waste that enters the waters.In contrast to the surrounding environmental conditions, the concentration of ammonia in the vanname shrimp pond is still at a concentration that is safe for the life of vanname shrimp.This can happen because before sea water is IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1260/1/01202610 used for shrimp farming activities, the water is given a certain treatment so that it has parameters that are suitable for shrimp life.
Based on the observations of observations of the phosphate value obtained, it shows that the lowest phosphate content is at station six which is a shrimp pond.The phosphate value at station six is still in the normal range that is allowed for the life of vanname shrimp.On the other hand, the highest phosphate concentration found at station one, which is the area near the river mouth.The high phosphate at this station is thought to be because phosphate carried by the river collects in this area.Overall, the coastal and estuary areas of Batang Anai District have phosphate values that have exceeded the phosphate threshold in nature, which is around 0.015 mg/L (PP No. 22 of 2021).However, the coastal waters of Batang Anai District are still used for shrimp pond cultivation activities there.This is because, the water that will enter the culture pond has gone through the treatment process first, so that the water has water quality parameters that are suitable for shrimp life.The phosphate content obtained during the study was higher than the results of the study Amien et al. [21] conducted in the estuary area of Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, with a range of phosphate values from 0.015 to 0.18 mg/L.
The value of chemical oxygen demand (COD) at each observation station shows the level of COD that can still be tolerated by the environment.The highest COD value were found at station four, the body of the Batang Anai River.The high COD at this location is due to the high organic matter originating from vanname shrimp aquaculture activities and various community activities around the river, such as the river border area which is used as a location for raising cattle.Station three, on the other hand, had the lowest COD value.The low COD concentration at station three was due to station three being far from the river mouth where organic matter empties.Azizah [16] stated that the COD value describes the content of organic matter as a pollutant in wastewater that is difficult to decompose.
Waste from shrimp farming activities contains high organic matter, which comes from the rest of the feed that is not utilized and from the results of shrimp excretion.Each feeding in shrimp farming activities, 30% of the feed will be left as the rest of the feed that is not consumed and 25-30% of the consumed feed will be excreted back into the environment.The entry of aquaculture waste directly into the environment and in the long term will be able to affect the ecological balance of the waters and become an obstacle to the growth of organisms in it [22].
High concentrations of organic matter in the waters promotes phytoplankton growth, as producers that utilize organic matter directly.This causes an algal bloom to occur.When algal blooms occur, the surface of the water will be covered by phytoplankton cells, which hinders the prevent sunlight fromentering the water.So that the process of photosynthesis in the water column does not take place optimally.Furthermore, when the phytoplankton undergo mass death, the phytoplankton bodies will settle to the bottom of the water, which causes an increasing amount of organic matter om bottom.
The high organic matter at the bottom of the water causes the need for oxygen by decomposing bacteria to be higher.If the oxygen concentration is not sufficient for the decomposing bacteria, then the process of decomposition of organic matter will take place anaerobically which will produce toxic compounds.When there is complete stirring in the water column, it will cause toxic compounds found in the bottom of the water to be lifted into the water column and bind more oxygen.This can cause hypoxia or conditions of lack of oxygen in the waters.This condition is very dangerous for aquatic biota because it can cause mass death, and it is also dangerous if it is reused to irrigate shrimp farming activities.
Besides contributing high organic matter, shrimp pond culture waste also contributes to the entry of other chemicals into public waters.Such as disinfectants, chlorine, bestaside, and saponins [23].These materials are very useful to support shrimp farming activities but will be harmful to non-target biota.This is because it will disrupt the life of the biota around the waters or in more severe conditions will cause the biota around the pond to die.Based on the results of interviews with several fishermen and the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Padang Pariaman Regency, traditional fishermen complained about the existence of shrimp ponds.This is because since the existence of shrimp ponds, traditional fishermen are starting to find it difficult to get fish.It is assumed that this reduction in fish is due to the waters around the ponds being contaminated with chemicals from vanname shrimp pond cultivation activities.This is in line with the results of research conducted by Hidayah and Suharyo [24] which says that the presence of shrimp ponds makes it more difficult for fishermen to get fish around the vanname shrimp ponds.
Not only does it put pressure on the aquatic environment, the development of vanname shrimp aquaculture activities also puts pressure on the land area that is used as a cultivation location.This is because the more shrimp ponds that will be built, the more land that must be converted into ponds.As said by Mustafa et al. [25] that the higher human activity in coastal areas, including for shrimp pond cultivation activities, the greater the pressure on a land.The coastal land area of Padang Pariaman Regency which is converted into aquaculture area starts from land of former dragon fruit plantations, coconut plantations, swamps, even to areas that are not allowed to be converted, such as coastal border areas.
If vanname shrimp pond aquaculture activities are carried out without paying attention to environmental sustainability, it is feared that the cultivation activities can damage the surrounding environment, and in the end will be detrimental to the cultivation activities themselves.Therefore, to maintain environmental conditions so that they are maintained, and cultivation activities can be carried out in a sustainable manner, the vanname shrimp pond aquaculture activities must be carried out on the basis of environmentally friendly principles.This environmentally friendly principle can be in the form of maximum use of WWTP to manage aquaculture waste so that it can finally be released into the environment, maintain the existence of coastal boundaries, and reduce the use of chemicals in the vanname shrimp aquaculture process.

Conclusion
Based on the results of research that has been carried out in coastal waters of Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency, starting from beaches, estuaries and shrimp ponds, it can be concluded that the overall characteristics of the waters of Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency can continue to support shrimp farming activities.But, in terms of Ammonia and Phosphate parameters, the waters of Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency do not support the activities of vanname shrimp ponds.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Map of water sampling locations in the aquaculture area of Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra.

f. Station 6
Station six is one of the aquaculture pond areas in Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency.The pond chosen was the pond owned by Mr. H.Firdaus Talib.This shrimp pond was built in a swamp area across the tributary of the Batang Anai River.The total area of this aquaculture is around 15 ha, with a pond area of 50 m x 50 m.Each sample observation station can be seen on Figure2.

Table 1 .
Parameters observed, unit, method of analysis, and place of analysis Parameters Unit No Parameter Unit Analysis Method Observation Location.

Table 2 .
Observations of several water qualities in aquaculture areas in Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency (min-max, average, standard deviation).