Community local awareness in respecting coastal land conservation in Cemara Labat Village of Central Kalimantan

Utilization of coastal land in the community of Cemara Labat Village has been passed down from generation to generation. The people of Cemara Labat Village still maintain the tradition of coastal land management, such as planting certain types of mangroves, prohibiting cutting down mangrove forests and hunting animals which are regulated in unwritten customary law or local wisdom. Utilization of coastal area resources by humans from time to time continues to increase. The intensity of exploiting the potential of coastal areas resources often does not pay attention to the carrying capacity and principles of optimal and sustainable use of natural resources. Therefore, the mangrove forest ecosystem in Cemara Labat Village needs to be preserved both ecologically and biologically with an awareness approach to local wisdom. The results showed that Avicennia marina species had a very high dominance (80%) in the mangrove forest area of Cemara Labat Village, for animal especially in the mangrove forest area, was bird dominant species (Aves), while the level of community participation in mangrove forest conservation was moderate (75%).


Introduction
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2014 concerning the management of coastal areas and small islands article 1 stated that coastal areas are transitional areas between terrestrial and marine ecosystems that are affected by changes in land and sea [1].Birawa & Sukarna [2] stated that the coastal area is a dynamic ecosystem and a rich variety of habitats, on land and in the sea that interact with one another.The coastal area is a unique ecosystem because it is a mixture of land and water which is known as an ecoton area.The coastal area is one of the areas that has high biological productivity, consisting of natural ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangrove forests, seagrass beds, sandy beaches, estuaries, lagoons, and deltas.Artificial ecosystems include ponds, tidal fields, tourism areas, industrial areas, agro-industrial areas and residential areas.Some of the roles of coastal land are very important for the survival of various living things in it, among others: as a spawning ground, rearing areas and a foraging 1260 (2023) 012023 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1260/1/012023 2 area for various types of biota.Coastal land also serves as a provider of nutrients and habitat for birds, reptiles, mammals and other types of life.In addition, coastal land also plays an important role in the socio-economic condition of the local community, namely as forest products, estuary and coastal fisheries, as well as timber tourism for commercial purposes as well as transition to ponds and agricultural areas.The improvement of the socio-economy of the community depends on policies in the use of coastal land [3].
Maintaining ecological balance, coastal land which is mostly covered by mangrove forests acts as a provider of high biodiversity and germplasm, suppresses the increase in CO2 gas and functions as a life support system, with a dense and strong root system and canopy, mangrove forests serve as protection land from waves (tsunamis), hurricanes, and seawater seepage [4].Increased demand for land due to high population growth and rapid development activities in coastal areas such as settlements, fisheries, ports, and others have resulted in damage to many mangrove lands due to conversion activities.One of the important steps needed to anticipate this problem is the preservation or protection and management of the environment known as conservation.Allaby [5] states that conservation is the active management of the biosphere in order to ensure the maximum continuity of species diversity and the maintenance of genetic diversity within a species.This includes the maintenance of biosphere functions such as nutrient cycling and ecosystem functions.Conservation aims to create and improve the fairy life and quality of life of living things naturally and sustainably.UU no. 1 article 1 paragraph 19 of 2014 [1], which states that the conservation of coastal areas and small islands is an effort to protect, conserve, and utilize coastal areas and small islands and their ecosystems to ensure the existence, availability and sustainability of coastal and island resources.small while maintaining and increasing the quality of value and diversity.
Local wisdom is one of the things that must be considered in environmental protection and management activities.This is emphasized again in Law no. 1 article 1 paragraph 36 of 2014 [1], which states that local wisdom is noble values that are still valid in the order of community life.Whereas for the community, positive habits with nuances of protecting and preserving the environment will become customs in life.Positive habits can be carried out individually or in groups of people in certain local areas.These habits are then known as local wisdom.

Understanding and implementation
Community local awareness follows the notion of local wisdom that has been defined by many researchers [6][7][8][9][10], the point is that the culture of a society that cannot be separated from the life of the community itself can function as a person's life guide.and be a protector in preserving local culture in terms of local knowledge, local values and local skills.
Initially, local wisdom in an area is based on belief or at least is related to the religion being held.The community considers that what they believe so far, especially in the protection and management of the environment, is in accordance with religious norms.Ludang [10] stated this traditional belief can be seen as ulayat knowledge, is the basis of sustainable national development because it incorporates the experience, expertise, and insights possessed by the local community in order to maintain and improve their livelihoods.
The existence of potential resources in the village of Cemara Labat, Kapuas District, Kuala Kapuas, has a unique and potential coastal area to be utilized and managed with conservation principles for the improvement of community welfare in a sustainable manner.The characteristics of the coastal area in the village of Cemara Labat directly facing the Java Sea, found mangrove forest ecosystems, both planted by residents and those that grow wild to form mangrove forest formations that play a role in the balance of the ecosystem as coastal land has a close relationship with the community related to its use as a mangrove forest.a place to live and a place to make a living, as well as the diversity of marine flora and fauna are potentials that have promising economic value, both in the fisheries sector and in the tourism sector.
Conservation of coastal areas includes the use, protection, preservation, and assurance of a sustainable ecosystem.This is done because coastal resources, both flora, fauna, and ecosystem have important ecological, economic and social uses and values so that: 1. Activities on land, especially agriculture, have cultivated the land intensively for wet and dry land agriculture and plantations.2. So far, fishery activities have been used as a spawning ground, nursery ground, a feeding ground as well as a habitat for fish and other biota.3. Tourism activity is an increase in the number of visitors in coastal tourism locations with the development of facilities and infrastructure for the natural charm of the beach (photo arena) and water sports attractions (for example banana boats, jet skis), and bathing facilities, and resorts for buildings to enjoy culinary delights and can also be used as places.meeting.The local wisdom of the community is to make "beds" by planting mangroves as a protective and reinforcing plant for ponds and residents' settlements.The bed is actually a fence in the sea that is used by fishermen to trap fish, but the banjang here is a mangrove plant formation that functions as a protector and prevention of coastal abrasion carried out in the utilization of coastal resources in the coastal area of Cemara Labat Village in a coastal ecotourism area that has beauty that can attract tourists to visit so that it can increase community and government income.
In managing agricultural land, the local community uses a calculation known as kapat, which is the calculation of the ebb and flow of sea water during the rainy season and the dry season.In local calculations, starting from planting rice to fruit bearing rice, sea water cannot enter the agricultural land, because if that happens, the planted rice will not contain (empty grain).In addition, Cemara Labat Village is a coastal ecotourism area that has a beautiful beauty.can attract tourists to visit so that it can increase community and government income.
Utilization of coastal area resources by humans from time to time continues to increase.The intensity of exploiting the potential of coastal areas resources often does not pay attention to the carrying capacity and principles of optimal and sustainable use of natural resources.The mangrove forest ecosystem in Cemara Labat village needs to be preserved both ecologically and biologically, so there is a need for a study on the important value index of the types of flora and fauna of land animals in the coastal area of Cemara Labat Village.Other research on local wisdom of the community in addressing the conservation of coastal land, especially the mangrove forest ecosystem in Cemara Labat village, was carried out according to the zone of coastal management and small islands Law No. 1/2014 [1], article 11 for 1) General use area plan (tourism, settlement, forest, industry, infrastructure, etc.); 2) Plan for conservation areas (conservation of waters, conservation of coastal areas and small islands, conservation of maritime and coastal borders; and 3) Plan of certain national strategic areas (for example, defense and security, world heritage sites and others).
Saden [11] stated indigenous peoples with their hundreds of generations of local wisdom have been shown to be able to conserve natural resources or their natural assets.There are several factors that enable people to be able to conserve their natural resources.1.First, indigenous peoples really respect the environment and the living things in which they live.The environment consists of forests, mountains, rivers, lakes, plants and various living things in it.From nature they learn and develop the ability to adapt.2. Second, indigenous peoples are very obedient to the customary laws that they develop by learning from the environment.There is an unwritten agreement but it is actually very binding between members of indigenous peoples and also between indigenous peoples and their environment.The customary law also regulates how many trees, game, and plants they can take.They also regulate when they should plant and when they should reap.3. Third, the community does not recognize formal education.The education they embrace is education that lasts a lifetime.Anyone who is a member of the indigenous community is a teacher as well as a student.The relationship between teacher and student is an equal relationship for mutual learning and mutual respect.Even though they have a customary leader, it does not mean that the leader can easily impose his will.

Forms of local wisdom
Haryanto [12] stated that forms of local wisdom in the form of religious harmony are manifested in social practices based on cultural wisdom.Forms of local wisdom in society can be in the form of culture (values, norms, ethics, beliefs, customs, customary laws, and special rules).Wahyudi [13] stated that local wisdom is an unwritten rule that becomes a reference for society which covers all aspects of life.Intensively, Hujjatusnaini [14] studied the Dayak community, local wisdom can be found that the forest area in Lamandau has experienced some damage, including flora and fauna, as well as its water system.The result is a decrease in water quality, sedimentation in the waters as a result of sand mining and gold mining along the river which has resulted in silting of the river mouth and the occurrence of river pollution by excess mercury levels.Conservation actions are taken to overcome the problem so that the damage does not continue, with efforts made by conservation using the concept of bioremediation.Forest area damage includes preservation of flora and fauna in Lamandau, typical Dayak people have conservation efforts by means of tajahan (sacred), kaleka (ancestral heritage areas), Sapan pahewan (source of drinking water for animals in the forest) and pukung pahewan (sacred forest), pukung himba (forest area reserved for logging/exploitation).

Understanding
The Big Indonesian Dictionary says conservation is the maintenance and protection of something regularly to prevent damage and destruction by preserving, preserving and preserving [15].Winarto [16] defines conservation as an effort to manage natural resources wisely based on the principle of conservation.Soendjoto [17], conservation is sustainable use, sustainable use for present and future generations with treatment (but with consideration).Based on the above definition, conservation: management of the entire ecosystem for human needs, so as to produce maximum benefits for the current generation and strengthen the potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations.
Flat sandy land on the beach on the edge of the sea, the coast can be interpreted as an area where the land meets the ocean.The coastal area is defined as an area where the land borders the sea; coastal ecosystems have a role to play.very important and the highest value among the ecosystems on this earth in providing services to environmental balance [18].The Law No. 1 of 2014 [1] article 1 paragraph 2 coastal areas are transitional areas between terrestrial and marine ecosystems that are affected by changes in land and sea.
Dahuri et al. [19] underline the boundaries of coastal areas, namely: 1.The boundary of the coastal area to the land in general is the distance arbitrarily from the mean high tide and the boundary towards the sea generally corresponds to the boundary of provincial jurisdiction.2. In relation to management interests, it can be determined, namely the planning zone and the regulatory zone or day-to-day management.

The landward boundary of a coastal area can change according to management issues.
According to Law no. 1 of 2014 [1] article 28, the conservation of coastal areas and small islands is held for (1) Protection so that the sustainability of coastal ecosystems and small islands is maintained; (2) Protecting the migration movements of fish and other marine biota; (3) Protecting marine biota habitats; (4) Protecting traditional cultural sites.
Based on some of the definitions mentioned above, the conservation of coastal areas is an effort to protect, conserve and utilize their ecosystems in a sustainable manner so that coastal resources are maintained by increasing the quality of values and biodiversity.The keywords for coastal area conservation include the use, protection, preservation and assurance of sustainable ecosystems in terms of ecological, economic and social uses and values.

Coastal zone
The coastal area approach can be explained as follows [20]: 1. Ecological approach, in essence, the coastal area functions as a function area for cultivation, protection or conservation.2. The coastal area planning approach has three (3) functions as follows: a.The planned general use area (utilization zone / cultivation area), namely as an exploitable area; b.Conservation area plan (preservation zone / protected area), namely the area used for the preservation of flora and fauna through protection, preservation and sustainable use of conservation areas.c.Plans for certain national strategic areas (special areas), namely defense and security, world heritage sites, borders and outermost small islands and flow plans.3. The administrative approach, the provincial authority is to manage as far as 12 (twelve) miles towards the offshore sea and/or towards archipelagic waters and 1/3 (one third) of the provincial jurisdiction for districts/cities.

Conservation of mangrove forest ecosystem
Suryanti et al. [18] stated that mangrove forests are a group of plant species that grow in tidal areas that are inundated by tides and are free from puddles at low tide where these plants are tolerant of salt.
Mangrove forest is a description of a variety of tropical coastal communities dominated by distinctive tree species or shrubs that have the ability to grow in brackish waters.Mangrove forests include trees and sema belonging to 12 genera of flowering plants, namely Avicennia, Sonneratia, The types of mangroves that grow in Indonesia include the genera Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Xylocarpus, Luminitzera, Excoecaria and Ceriops.Utina et al. [21] stated that the conservation of mangrove forest ecosystems and the resources contained therein can be done by preventing real changes due to human activities, including the following: 1. Maintain the basic and substrate character of the forest, maintain and maintain the salinity of surface water and groundwater.2. Protecting the natural balance with these construction activities must be evaluated especially the potential impact on mangrove forests.3. Protecting mangrove forest areas from oil spills and other toxic materials.4. The use of mangrove forest products in the form of mangrove wood is limited for the sake of the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem.

Conservation of coral reef ecosystem
Coral reefs are ecosystems composed of lime-producing marine biota (coral animals), along with other biota that live on the seabed and the water column.Coral reefs are divided into three general types, namely [18]: 1. Fringing reefs, generally develop on the edges of continental plates and around islands along the coast reaching a depth of not more than 40 m. 2. Barrier reef coral is a rock coral ecosystem that can grow on barrier reef types on the edge of continental plates.3. Ring coral (atoll) is a barrier reef coral reef that grows around a goba / lagoon with a depth of about 45 meters.

Conservation of seagrass ecosystem
Sjafrie et al. [22] stated, seagrass (seagrass) is a higher plant (Anthophyta) that live and grow immersed in the marine environment; vascular, rhizome (rhizome), rooted, and reproduce sexually (seeds) and vegetatively.The rhizome is a segmented stem that grows submerged and creeps in the substrate of sand, mud and coral fragments.The seagrass ecosystem is a system (organization) of seagrass ecology, in which there is a reciprocal relationship between the abiotic components and the biotic components of animals and plants.Utina et al. [21] stated that seagrass consists of flowering plants that live in shallow marine waters.Seagrass ecosystems provide space for many organisms that live in shallow marine waters, and can reduce sedimentation.The seagrass ecosystem is a shelter and foraging habitat for juvenile fish species, sea cucumbers, and starfish.Seagrass is very vulnerable to turbidity in coastal waters.The condition of the waters that are cloudy with sediment will affect the intensity of the light that enters the bottom of the water where the seagrass lives.The sediment that covers the leaf surface, and the light intensity which is hampered by the turbidity of the water, affect the photosynthesis process, which has an impact on seagrass growth.

Conservation of seaweed ecosystems
Waters et al. [24] stated, there are many reasons why conservation organizations should strive to improve the environmental, social, and economic performance of cultivating seaweed.Although most of these have been discussed above, there are still many challenges that must be faced both from a social, economic and environmental perspective.1. Social; Lack of knowledge and technical support: Absence of derivative regulations and local spatial planning for seaweed farming: seaweed farming is one of the largest and most important industries in Indonesia, so there are still few regulations that significantly limit expansion or address conversion.the environmental function of cultivating the seaweed.2. Economy; Too long supply chains and lack of financing: due to complex and long supply chains ranging from farmers, collectors, wholesalers, exporters and buyers, eventually farmers' profits decrease and financial investment in seaweed farming decreases.Seed susceptibility and disease: ice-ice is a major disease of tropical seaweed, and its name derives from the bleaching of the tips (or "thallus") of seaweed.Ice-ice can be triggered by various reasons, including changes in temperature or salt content, not caused by pathogens.3. Environment; It includes as follows [25][26][27][28]: a. Cultivation practices that destroy the environment: farmers can engage in activities that destroy seagrass beds and corals, cutting down mangroves, using green tonic fertilizers, and disposing of plastic waste in the sea.b.Use of soft plastics and increased plastic waste in the sea: as part of long line seaweed farming, farmers generally use disposable water bottles and Styrofoam as a floating medium, which can be destroyed after 1-2 cycles of grass cultivation sea so that it becomes a source of plastic waste in the sea and ultimately a contributor to microplastics.c. Potential impacts of climate change, including warming water and increased pathogens: although we think that seaweed can be used as a means of climate adaptation because it is a species that can be cultivated in marine waters (reduces use of freshwater and land) and can neutralize water acidification and thus have an impact positive for shellfish (bivalves), it is also necessary to discuss the impact of climate change on the seaweed farming industry.

Conclusion
Local wisdom is the way people behave and act based on local knowledge, local values and local skills in conserving natural resources or their natural assets, especially the Conservation of Coastal Land in Cemara Labat Village, Kapuas Regency.The people of Cemara Labat Village still maintain the tradition of coastal land management in the form of local knowledge, local values and local skills such as planting certain types of mangroves and planting nipah, prohibiting cutting down mangrove forests and hunting animals regulated in unwritten customary law or local community wisdom.The results showed that the percentage of mangrove ecosystem flora was dominated by Avicennia spp (80%), and the dominant animals found were birds (Aves), while the percentage level of local community participation in mangrove forest conservation was at a moderate (75%).