Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) and Extracts by Water (Aqueous Extracts)

There is a lot of research on the topic of control on Fig mosaic disease (FMD), aim was to reduce damage it causes to fig trees or seedlings. in this study was controlled on fig infected seedlings by aqueous extracts and the results of the treatments in the open field for the cultivation of fig seedlings achieved significant differences in the severity of infection and growth parameters. It gave overlap treatment to ginger roots and mint leaves extract severity injury lowest by virus and highest content of chlorophyll, leaf area, number of leaves and height to infected seedlings reached 22.34%,73.37 mg / 100 gm1- moist weight, 22.48 cm,22.57 leaf/plant,36.73 cm respectively compared with control treatments that achieved 91.18%,47.30 mg / 100 gm1- moist weight, 3.61 cm,8.33 leaf/plant,17.57 cm respectively.


Introduction
, and the spread rate of it can be as high as 70% [6].Results showed from previous studies that at treatments by ginger roots Zingiber officinale L. in pre grafting tests were useful against symptom development caused by Fig leaf mottle-associated virus-1 (FLMaV-1), in addition to increase in photosynthesis pigments and soluble proteins, and also phenols contents compared with control, thus it were taken as signal on a mutual interaction between these extracts and virus efficacy [7].Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by aqueous leaf extract of Mentha spicata L. and use against Tobacco mosaic virus, it were use 24 hour before of inoculation and 24 hour after Tobacco mosaic virus inoculation, it were most ective treatment and showed reduction 90.21% to viral accumulation content, also severity for disease ,in additionally to transcriptional of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, pathogenesis-related protein (salicylic acid signal gene), it were induced in all plants, the results showed that aqueous extract of Mentha spicata were ective agent antiviral activity and finally, the described protective and curative treatment against Tobacco mosaic virus can pushes us to recommend its application for viral 1259 (2023) 012097 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012097 2 disease management [8].Medicinal plant extracts helps ex.extract Curcuma domestica L. on increased in height to plant , in addition to wet weight , dry weight , number from fruits , weight total fruits,also decrease Cucumber mosaic virus disease severity to 24.98% on the chili compared with control treatment 50.00%, significantly different from the control when infected by Cucumber mosaic virus infection [9].In this research work our first aim contribute in designing improved disease management strategies cauced by viruses .Our second aim was to proof of importance aqueous extracts as new control agents in viral infected.

Preparation Aqueous Extract of Ginger Roots
For the purpose of preparing this extract, I followed the method of [10], with some modifications, which included buying ginger roots from the local market, washing and drying them, then taking 100 gm of them and adding to 1000 ml of sterilized distilled water, mixing using an electric mixer for 30 minutes, It were filtered using gauze pieces to get rid of impurities, then filtered using filter paper, after that the extract was passed through a 0.22μm milipore filter.It were storages in the refrigerator at 4 degrees celsius to time of use.

Preparation Aqueous Extract of Mint Leaves
I followed the method of [11], with some modifications, taking 100 gm of powdered dry leaves and adding to 2000 ml from sterilized distilled water boiled at a temperature of 100 degrees celsius, mixed using an electric mixer for 15 minutes and left the solution for 24 hours at a temperature The laboratory, then filtered using gauze pieces, then filtered using filter paper, and the extract was passed through a 0.22μm milipore filter.It were storages in the refrigerator at 4 degrees celsius to time of use.

Preparation Aqueous Extract of Turmeric Powder
The method of [12], was applied with a modification procedure, 100 gm of dry turmeric powder was taken and added to 2000 ml from sterile distilled water boiled at a temperature of 100 degrees celsius with continuous stirring, left for 24 hours at laboratory temperature, then filtered with gauze and No.1 Whatmam filter paper, pass the extract through a milipore filter 0.22μm.It were storages in the refrigerator at 4 degrees celsius to time of use.

Experiment Site
The experiment was carried out in Abbasiya district / Al-Najaf Governorate during 2022 agricultural season.[13], it cuttings were dipped in rooting material IBA (Indole-3 butyric acid) for two and a half hours, then planted on 2-2-2022 in the soil.Upon reaching vegetative growth stage at the age of 5-7 leaves, prepared plant extracts were sprayed on it.

Spray Aqueous Extracts of Ginger Roots, Mint Leaves, and Turmeric Powder and Their Dual Combinations to Control Fig Badnavirus-1 Associated with Fig Mosaic virus on Black Fig Seedlings
The experiment was applied in 1-4-2022, seedlings spray with an amount 2 ml/seedling from the extracts, we taken results after 28 days of Spray aqueous extracts .theexperiment included 8 treatments with three replications according to RCBD design as follows:  Healthy Seedling  Infected Seedling  Zingiber officinale extract +Infected Seedling. Mentha spicata extract+Infected Seedling. Curcuma domestica extract+Infected Seedling. Zingiber officinale extract+ Mentha spicata extract+Infected Seedling. Zingiber officinale extract+Curcuma domestica extract+Infected Seedling. Mentha spicata extract+Curcuma domestica extract+Infected Seedling.

Scale to Severity of Injury
A scale designed by [14], were applied, then equation [15], were applied to calculate severity of injury in experimental treatments: Severity of injury = sum(number leaves in each degree *her degree/ total number of leaves* highest degree of scale)*100  Measure total chlorophyll to leaves: by method [16].
 Account leaf area of plant: by method [17].
 Account leaves number of plant(leaf/plant). Height measure to plant(cm).

Statistical Analysis
The data analyzed according to least significant difference test at a probability level were 5% to compare the results use genstat program with Microsoft Excel were used in analyze and data ranking.

Spray Aqueous Extracts of Ginger Roots, Mint Leaves, and Turmeric Powder and Their Dual Combinations to Control Fig Badnavirus-1 Associated with Fig Mosaic Virus on Black Fig Seedlings
Infected seedling spray, Figure (1) by aqueous extracts to ginger roots, mint leaves, and turmeric powder on infected seedlings give positive results in reducing viral disease, it were apparently from the results that the interaction treatment between ginger roots extract and mint leaves extract achieved a higher reduction in infected severity by virus, It reached 22.34%, followed by interaction treatment between ginger roots extract and turmeric powder extract , which amounted to 30.27%, compared with control 91.18%.Interaction treatment (ginger roots and mint leaves extract) achieved content highest of chlorophyll leaves and which amounted 73.37 mg / 100 gm 1-moist weight, followed by Interaction treatment (ginger roots and turmeric powder extract) that achieved 70.23 mg / 100 gm 1-moist weight compared with treatment infected seedling which amounted to 47.3 mg / 100 gm 1 -moist weight.Leaf area was higher at Interaction treatment (ginger roots and mint leaves extract),it Follow (ginger roots and turmeric powder extract) and where gave 22.48 cm, 20.24 cm sequentially, while comparative treatment was 3.62 cm.The highest number of leaves was in Interaction between treatment ginger roots extract and treatment mint leaves extract, then between treatment ginger roots extract and turmeric powder extract ,as it reached 22.57 leaf/plant, 20.2leaf/plant in a relay, in this time was infected treatment 8.33 leaf/plant.Finally, plant height was higher at treatment ginger roots extract with treatment mint leaves extract , where reached 36.73 cm, followed by treatment ginger roots extract with turmeric powder extract, and that gave 34.37cmCompared with infected control treatment which amounted to 17.57cm.

Discussion
According to the above data, we return the reason for the association of antiviral activity to their contents which may react with virus particles in the first stages of infection directly and impedes the exit of its nucleic acid viral that lead finally to stop virus multiply [7].In previous studies, many investigations were carried out about this subject and confirmed by many researchers, where it indicated an increase in the antiviral activity at use ginger roots or turmeric, this were through a lot of operations, among it high activity in the synthesis of different chemical to increase linked proteins with viruses resistance, these products may be invitations and support to inhibitory activity of different a b c medicinal extracts, and may work these compounds for ginger and turmeric and which work indirectly as incitement to systemic resistance in plants against the viruses [18,19], and in a previous investigations, were ginger roots extracts, turmeric rhizome extracts in reducing of infection percentage , in addition todisease severity when treatment before 7 days of grafting by Fig leaf mottleassociated virus 1 (FLMaV-1) .Also, data to physiological parameters to fig plant and of among it photosynthesis pigments and soluble proteins, and also phenols contents in leaves for infected plants pre grafting tested were large increased at treatment by ginger roots extract ,turmeric rhizome extract [7].Mint extract (5ml/litre)was efficacy one of six plant products important in the management and control on Okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMVD), it are difffusion in agricultural fields by insects Bemisia tabaci [20].For turmeric are associated activity by link to compound curcumonoid wich consisting of Curcumin, in addition to two compounds curcumin and bisdementhoxy cucurmin, it reacts with the attachment of viral cells in plant and that cause stunted spread and movement of virus in plants, also phenols are products toxic lead to a stop for growth and development from viruses pathogens as well as reduce damage diseases in general [21].Phenolic metabolism help on treatment or protect plants from biotic stress and abiotic stress, it are synthesis at response to pathogens as the viruses, in addition to other pathogenses [22].Phytochemicals have disease prevention effectiveness or daseases control ,plants produce phytochemicals to protect themselves, last studies and recent confirms that a lot phytochemicals can protect the host against pathogenses and including plant viruses, and according to [23], plants are produce secondary metabolites such as tannins compoundes and saponins In addition to steroids, alkaloids compoundes , glycosides, lignin, cyanogenic, flavonoids derivatives, differentiated phenols in their cells.

Conclusion
The Fig mosaic disease are associated with at least twelve viruses, in addition to three viroids, including a fig mosaic emaravirus, fig badnavirus-1.shared infections were also detected, fig mosaic emaravirus with fig badnavirus-1 in rate 32% [1].Fig mosaic disease were first discover in California at the early 1930.symptoms important for it are as leaf chlorosis and mosaic, in addition to the deformation, while transition are by vegetative propagation, seed , biotransport by Aceria ficus [2].More the viruses associated with Fig mosaic disease are spread by vegetative propagation for contaminated plant material and this not include fig latent virus-1 , fig cryptic virus because it spread by seed [3,4].Aceria ficus which helps on spread Fig mosaic virus and which it are pathogen causes Fig mosaic disease The experiment were prepared by designed to soil using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), work fig pens from black variety at length of 30 cm from fig trees un infected and infected by Fig badnavirus-1 associated with Fig mosaic virus diagnosed by

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.symptoms of Fig badnavirus-1 associated with Fig mosaic virus observed in leaf from seedlings, a:mosaic,b: leaf deformation and leaf area reduce ,c: healthy.

Figure 2 .
Spray aqueous extracts to control Fig badnavirus-1 associated with Fig mosaic virus on infected fig seedlings.
study indicated to use aqueous extracts of ginger roots, mint leaves, turmeric powder in management or control Fig mosaic disease at fig infected seedling, this may help reduce the economic damage resulting from the viral infection in figs.In addition to development plant growth indicators, you can manufacture it easily and without high manufacturing costs, then spray it directly on the young fig seedlings, and this will help the seedlings in facing the disease.