Effect of Vitamins A, E, D3 Supplemented with Omega3 and Vitamins A, E, D3 (without Omega -3) on Biochemical Blood Parameters of Females Awassi Lamb

This study was conducted in the animal field of the University of Anbar College of Agriculture from 15/December/2021 to 15/February/2022. Twelve Iraqi Awassi female lambs were used in the experiment, at ranged of ages 2-3 months with average body weight 16.737 kg. The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups, each group consisted of four lambs. The first group (G1) was considered the control group and left without any treatment, while the second group (G2) was treated with omega-3 supplemented with vitamins A, D3 and E of 1.5 CC, whilst the third group (G3) was treated with vitamins A, D3 and E of 1.5 CC by intramuscular injection, the lambs were injected with 6 times, the interval between each injection was 15 days. The lambs were nourished on the same concentrated diet, alfalfa hay, minerals bloke and water given adliptum. The result showed that G2 had significant increased (P≤0.05) on glucose concentration level as comported with G1. G3 had significant increase (P≤0.05) in urea concentration level as comported with G1 and G2. G3 had significant increased (P≤0.05) in Cholesterol and Triglyceride concentration level as comported with G1and G2. G1 had significant increase in LDL concentration level as comported with G2 and G3. T1 had significant increase in AST in G1, G2 and G3 as comported with T2 and T3. In conclusion, that treat a lamb with vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 (without omega -3) led to improve lipid profile, liver enzyme activity and public health of lambs.


Introduction
Livestock is considered one of the important food sources for humans, and it is also a source of income and industrial revitalization because of the raw materials it provides, which requires to improving nutrition and management of animal, which leads to increased production.Most sheep 1259 (2023) 012083 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012083 2 owners in Iraq using barley grains to feed their animals, it is not enough nutrients source of animals' requirements for protein, energy and vitamins [1].lipids in the animals bodies supply structure and energy for action , act as a medium for transferring nutrients (vitamins and carotenoids), and act to regulate health and reproduction, in the last two decades research had shown that long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have helpful effects over another fatty acids present in meals for the maintenance of long term health, [2][3][4] Strategies to reduce lipids precipitations in carcasses and increase the levels of the omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in flesh have been developed in response to consumer demands due to their essential impact on human health5].Vitamin E acts as an intracellular antioxidant thereby protecting cell membrane from oxidative damage [6].Vitamin E have effects function as an intra-cell antioxidant, scavenging reactive oxygen species thereby protect cell membrane from oxidative damage [7,8].Vitamins are essential organic food compounds that the body needs in few quantities.have an important physiological action their deficiency leads to disruption of metabolic processes, disruption of vital processes in the body, Vitamin D3 regulate homeostasis levels of magnesium, calcium and phosphate, its deficiency causes rickets, it has a role in action of parathyroid hormone secretion, intestine, kidney and bone tissues [9][10][11][12].so, this study was designed to investigation the effect of vitamins A, E, D3 and vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega 3 on biochemical blood parameters of females Awassi lamb.

Experimental Animals
This study was conducted in the animal field of the University of Anbar College of Agriculture and Ethical standards were considered in all steps of performing procedures and animal handling and the study was approved by the Ethical Committee [Approval letter No. UoM.Dent/A.L.66/21].No. Um.VET.2021.5 from 15/ November/ 2021 to 15/ February/ 2022.Twelve Iraqi Awassi female lambs were used in the experiment, at ranged of ages 2-3 months with average body weight 16.737 kg.All experimental animals were fed on same diet contain of alfalfa hay, barley gray, wheat bran, minerals bloke and water adliptum.

Experimental Design
The Iraqi Awassi female lambs were divided equally randomly into three groups each group have four lambs.The first group was considered as a control group without treatment (G1), second group (G2) was treated with vitamins A, D3 and E supplemented with omega-3 of 1.5 CC, and the third group (G3) was treated with vitamins A, D3 and E (without omega-3) of 1.5 CC by intramuscular injection, the lambs were injected with 6 times, and the interval between each injection was 15 days.

Statistical Analysis
The Statistical Analysis System-SAS (2018) program was used to detect the effect of difference factors in study parameters.Least significant difference -LSD test (Analysis of Variation-ANOVA) was used to significant compare between means in this study [13].

Glucose
Table (1) showed G2 had significant increased (P≤0.05) in glucose as comported with G1 at T1, while G2 had significant increased as comported with G3 at T2.While T1 had significant increase in G1, G2, and G3 as comported with T2 and T3.The reason of G2 had a significant increased at T2 as compared with G3 duo to role of omega-3 or fish oil to improve insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant states [14,15].

Urea
Table (2) showed that G2 had significant increased (P≤0.05) as comported with G1and G3 at T1, while G3 had significant increased as comported with G1 and G2 at T3.On the other hand, T3 had significant increase in G1, G2 and G3 as comported with T1 and T2, whilst T2 had significant increase in G1, G2, and G3 as comported with T1.

Cholesterol
Table (3) showed that G1 and G2 had significant increased as comported with G3 at T1, while G3 had significant increased as comported with G1and G2 at T2.Whereas T1 had significant increase in G1 and G2 as comported with T2 and T3, whilst T3 had significant increase in G1and G2 as comported with T2.
The results of the current study revealed that using of Omega3 (with or without vitamins A, D and E3) maintain the concentration of cholesterol in blood at an acceptable level ranged between 46.75 ±2.01 to 57.33 ±1.76.There are many studies concerned with the effect of Omega3 on concentration of cholesterol, and significant differences were observed between the results of these studies [16,17].

Triglyceride
Table (4) showed that G1 and G2 had significant increased as comported with G3 at T1, while G3 had significant increased as comported with G1and G2 at T2, whilst G2 had significant increased as comported with G1 at T2, whereas G2 and G3 had significant increased as comported with G1at T3.On other hand T1 had significant increase in G1 as comported with T2 and T3, whilst T3 had significant increase in G1 as comported with T2, whilst T1 and T3 in had significant increase in G2 as comported with T2.That is attributed to role of Omega 3 are negative regulators of lipogenesis in liver and of the inflammatory response (18) and have a good effect on hyperlipidemia [19].

Low Density Lipoprotein
Table (5) showed that G1 and G2 had significant increased as comported with G3 at T1, while G1 had significant increased as comported with G2 and G3 at T2, whilst there had not significant increased between G1, G2 and G3 at T3.On the other hand, T1 had significant increase in G1and G2 as comported with T2 and T3, whilst T3 had significant increase in G1 and G2 as comported with T2, whilst T1 and T3 in G3 had significant increase as comported with T2 as well as T3 in G3 had significant increase as comported with T1.This explained LDL levels of the animals subjected to doses of Omega3 in the present study decreased in the time II when compare with other times and with other groups, this indicate the beneficial effects of Omega3 on liver enzymes, this result consistent with result of [20][21][22], while it is disagreed with the results of other researchers [16,23].

High Density Lipoprotein
Table (6) showed that G1 had significant increased as comported with G2 and G3 at T1and T3, while G1 had significant increased as comported with G3 at T2, Whereas T1 had significant increase in G1and G2 as comported with T2 and T3, whilst T1 had significant increase in G3 as comported with T3. as the Omega3 can optimize liver fat, GGT, TG, and HDL levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting the therapeutic potential of Omega3 in this liver disease, in addition to its beneficial effect in optimizing liver fat, levels of GGT, TG, and HDL in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and thus slow down their progress [24].HDL has declined in time III, this result is consistent with results of ( 16), and it may contribute to the effects of negative regulation of Omega3 ( 18), and to the optimizing effects of Omega3 on liver lipids, liver enzyme concentration such as GGT, and blood lipid levels including TG and HDL [24].

Very Low-Density Lipoprotein
Table (7) showed that G1 and G2 had significant increased as comported with G3 at T1, while G3 had significant increased as comported with G1and G2 at T2, whilst G2 had significant increased as comported with G1 at T2, whereas G2 and G3 had significant increased as comported with G1at T3.While T1 had significant increase in G1 as comported with T2 and T3, whilst T3 had significant increase in G1 as comported with T2, whilst T1 and T3 in had significant increase in G2 as comported with T2.

Alanine Aminotransferase
Table (8) showed that G2 and G3 had significant increased as comported with G1 at T1, while G3 had significant increased as comported with G2 at T2, the role may be attributed to.While T3 had significant increase in G1, G2 and G3 as comported with T1 and T2.The results of the current study agreed with a recent review by [25], who provide a meta-analysis of liver fat, ALT, and AST data and stated a benefit impact of Omega3 on liver fatness and found no significant benefit on ALT and AST levels.3.9.Aspartate Aminotransferase IU/ml Table (9) showed that G1 and G3 had significant increased as comported with G2 at T1 and T2, While T1 had significant increase in G1, G2 and G3 as comported with T2 and T3.whilst T3 in G2 had significant increase as comported with T2, this decrease in T3 as comported with T1 had attributed to the role of fatty acids and omega-3 in improving the vitality and activity of the liver [18].(10) showed there had not significant increased between control and treatment groups, While T1 had significant increase in G1and G3 as comported with T3.

Total Protein
Table (11) showed there had not significant increased between control and treatment groups, While T3 had significant increase in G1 as comported with T2,

Conclusions
In conclusion, that treat a lamb with vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 (without omega -3) led to enhance lipid profile parameter, liver enzyme activity and public health of lambs.

Table 1 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 in glucose (mg/dl).
Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05).

Table 2 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on urea (mg/dl).Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05).

Table 3 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on Cholesterol (mg/dl).Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05).

Table 4 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on triglyceride (mg/dl).
Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05).

Table 5 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on LDL (mg/dl).Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05).

Table 6 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on HDL (mg/dl).Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05).

Table 7 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on VLDL (mg/dl).Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05).

Table 8 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on ALT IU/ml.

Table 9 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on AST IU/ml.Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05).

Table 10 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on Albumin (g/dl).Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05).

Table 11 .
Effect of vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with Omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 on in Total Protein (g/dl).Means with different capital letters in the same column and small letters in the same row are significantly different.* (P≤0.05)