The Growth Response of Christi Thorn Seedlings to the Dates and Concentrations of (Ticamine Max) and the Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Vevter)

The study was carried out during the growing season (2022) in order to demonstrate the importance of application dates (every 15 and 30 days) and foliar spraying with three concentrations of Ticamine Max (0, 2 and 4 ml. L-1) and the addition of three levels of liquid organic fertilizer (Vevter) (0, 2 and 4 ml. L-1). In improving some growth characteristics of Christi thorn seedlings. The study was designed in a factorial experiment using the Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D). With three factors, with three replications, and with four seedlings per experimental unit, thus the number of seedlings used in the experiment is (2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 4 = 216 seedlings). The most important results obtained indicated the significant superiority of the foliar spray at a concentration of 4 ml. L-1 of the amino fertilizer and the addition of liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 4 ml. L-1 in all studied traits (increase in height of seedlings, number of leaves, area of leaf, leaf area of seedlings, and concentration of carbohydrates in leaves), while there were no significant differences for the studied traits between the dates of addition.


Introduction:
Throughout the tropics, subtropics, and even some temperate zones, you may find Christi thorn trees, which are evergreen and perennial fruit trees ranging in size from medium to giant.Southern Europe, the Himalayas, northern China, North Africa, the Sudan, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and South America are thought to be the buckthorn tree's native home [1,2].Many researchers have found that foliar spraying with organic fertilizers that contain amino acids has positive effects in accelerating the growth of fruit seedlings, increasing the surface area of the leaves and the content of leaves of chlorophyll and nutrients, and thus obtaining strong, fast-growing seedlings.Representing nitrogen, building chlorophyll molecule, and increasing the activity of mitochondria, in addition to acting as an osmotic regulator in the cytoplasm of cells, which positively affects increasing the efficiency of making food through photosynthesis, and thus improving the growth characteristics of plants [3,4].The use of natural products, especially liquid organic fertilizers, in horticultural applications has become a major goal in the production of many types of plants, including fruits, due to their active role in improving the physical, biological and chemical properties of all types of soils.Because it contains these elements, its decomposition increases the soil's nutrient content, which in turn increases the percentage of organic matter in the soil, which in turn increases the activity of microorganisms and 1259 (2023) 012050 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012050 2 their secretions, the most important of which are growth regulators, which the plant benefits from by taking part in physiological processes [5,6].Due to the fact that there are few studies on the response of Christi thorn seedlings to foliar spraying with fertilizers containing amino acids and liquid organic fertilizers in improving the vegetative growth of seedlings and thus obtaining fast-growing seedlings ready for grafting to be planted in a permanent place.

Materials and Methods
This study was conducted during the 2022 growing season in the lath house on one-year-old seedling seedlings of Christi thorn, which are as similar as possible in growth (25-30 cm in height and 2-3 mm in diameter of the main stem), grown in 6 kg plastic bags containing mixed soil.The study included Three factors The first factor includes two dates for adding fertilizers (every 15 days and every 30 days) with 6 additions for each of them.The addition began at the beginning of April and continued until the beginning of September.The second factor was the use of amino fertilizer (Tekamine Max) sprayed on the shoots, which contains (total amino acids 14.40%, free amino acids 13%, organic nitrogen 8.0% and organic matter 50.0%, with a pH of 6.6) in three concentrations (0, 2 and 4 ml.L -1 ), the third factor is adding liquid organic fertilizer (Vevter) containing (5% organic nitrogen, 7% potassium dioxide and 7% organic carbon) in three levels (0, 2 and 4 ml.L -1 ).The study was designed using the randomized complete block design of factorial experiments (R.C.B.D) with three factors, three replications, and four seedlings per experimental unit.Thus, the number of seedlings used in the experiment was (2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 4 = 216), and the averages were compared using Duncan's multiple limit test.At the end of the growing season, the following traits were measured:  The increase in the height of the seedlings (cm). Increase in the number of leaf. The leaf area (cm 2 ). The leaf area of the seedlings (cm 2 .seedlings -1 ). The concentration of carbohydrates in the leaves %.

The Increase in the Height of the Seedlings (cm)
According to Table (1), foliar spraying with amino fertilizer significantly affected the characteristic of the increase in the height of the seedlings, as the spraying treatment with a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments, especially the comparison treatment, which gave the least significant values for this characteristic.The values of this feature were not significantly affected by the application dates (every 15 and 30 days), but the treatment with 4 ml.L -1 of liquid organic fertilizer was significantly better than the control treatment.The results also show that the binary interaction between (4 ml.L -1 of liquid organic fertilizer with two applicators) and the bilateral overlap between the dates of application and the concentrations of the amino fertilizer had a significant effect on this trait, with the highest value for this trait being recorded as a result of the overlap between (foliar spraying at a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of the amino fertilizer added every 15 and 30 days on respectively).Among the treatments tested, the one in which foliar spraying with a concentration of 4 ml.l - of amino fertilizer was combined with a concentration of 4 ml.l - of liquid organic fertilizer yielded the highest significant value.Both fertilizers were found to have statistically insignificantly lower values for this factor.Triple interaction between amino fertilizer (2 ml.L -1 ) and liquid organic fertilizer (4 ml.L -1 ) applied every 15 days resulted in the highest significant values for this trait, while the control treatment of amino fertilizer (2 ml.L -1 ) and liquid organic fertilizer (4 ml.L -

1
) applied every 30 days resulted in the lowest significant values for this trait.
Table 1.The effect of the levels and dates of addition of amino fertilizer (Tecmine Max) and liquid organic (Viveter) and the interaction between them on the increase in the height of seedling (cm) of Ziziphus apina seedlings.

Increase in the Number of Leaf
Table (2) shows that the highest yield was achieved when the amino fertilizer was sprayed as a foliar solution at a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 , indicating that this concentration had a significant effect on the characteristic of the increase in the number of leaves.While the dates of fertilizer addition had no significant effect on the values of this trait, the addition of liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 4 ml.l - was significantly more effective than the other concentrations, especially on the comparison treatment, which recorded the lowest significant values for this trait.
It is also important to note that the values of this trait were significantly affected by the interaction between the concentrations of the amino fertilizer and the dates of addition, with the foliar spraying with a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of the amino fertilizer, added every 15 as well as every 30 days, causing a significant increase in this trait compared to the other treatments.This was also the case for the bilateral interaction between the concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer and the dates of addition, with the highest significant values due to the interaction between adding a concentration of 4 ml.l - of liquid organic fertilizer, which was added every 15 days as well as every 30 days, measured with the lowest vaR, and the comparison treatment every 30 days, which gave the lowest vaR.
Seedlings sprayed with a solution containing 4 milliliters per liter (ml.l -1 ) of amino fertilizer and 4 milliliters per liter (ml.l -1 ) of liquid organic fertilizer showed the least amount of bilateral interference between the two solutions.Compared to the binary interaction between the control treatment and for both fertilizers, which resulted in the lowest values for this feature, this treatment resulted in the greatest increase in the number of leaves.Seedlings sprayed with 4 ml.l - of the amino fertilizer and to 1259 (2023) 012050 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/0120504 which 4 ml.l - of liquid organic fertilizer was added every 15 days showed the greatest significant increase in the values of this trait, while the triple interaction between (comparison treatment and for both fertilizers) showed the least significant increase in the values of this trait.Table 2.The effect of the levels and dates of addition of amino fertilizer (Tecmine Max) and liquid organic (Viveter) and the interaction between them in the increase in the number of leaves of Ziziphus apina seedlings.

The Leaf Area (cm 2 )
Table (3) shows that compared to the control treatment, which recorded the lowest values, the foliar spray containing a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of the amino fertilizer recorded the greatest significant value for this feature.Also, the dates of adding the two fertilizers did not significantly affect the values of this trait, while the concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer caused a significant increase, especially when the addition of the concentrate 4 ml.L -1 of this fertilizer was significantly superior to the comparison treatment.We also find that the two-way interaction between the foliar sprays of amino fertilizer at a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 , sprayed every 15 and 30 days, resulted in the highest significant increase in the values of this characteristic compared to the t, while the two-way interaction between the same concentration (4 ml.L -1 of liquid organic fertilizer added every 15 days) had the lowest effect.All of these interactions between the two fertilizers were surpassed by one that simply used 4 ml.l - of amino fertilizer and added 4 ml.l - of liquid organic fertilizer.The triple interaction between the study factors had a clear effect in increasing the values of this trait, especially when the triple interaction of the treatment of foliar spray with a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of amino fertilizer and the addition of a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of liquid organic fertilizer added 1259 (2023) 012050 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/0120505 every 15 days) and the treatment ( 4 ml.L -1 of the amino fertilizer and 4 ml.L -1 of liquid organic fertilizer added every 30 days), which were significantly superior to all other triple interactions.
Table 3.The effect of the levels and dates of addition of amino fertilizer (Tecmine Max) and liquid organic (Vivetir) and the interaction between them in the increase in the area of one leaf of Ziziphus apina seedlings.

The Leaf Area of the Seedlings (cm 2 . seedlings -1 )
Table 4 shows that the concentrations of amino enrichment had a significant effect on the values of this characteristic, with the foliar spray at 4 ml.L -1 being superior to the rest of the concentrations, and that the highest significant value of this characteristic was due to the addition of 4 ml.L -1 of liquid organic fertilizer.The interaction between (foliar spraying at a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of the amino fertilizer added every 15 days as well as every 30 days) and the binary interaction between the fertilizer concentrations and the times of application had a significant effect on this characteristic.Time of application and the presence of organic liquids The greatest statistically significant increase in this capacity was observed with the interaction treatment of adding a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of liquid organic fertilizer added every 15 days.Treatments involving the bilateral interaction of amino fertilizer concentration and liquid organic fertilizer yielded the best results, with the treatment involving (Foliar spraying with a concentration of 4 ml.l - of amino fertilizer and adding 4 ml.l - of liquid organic fertilizer) showing the highest values.The highest significant increase in values for this trait was observed in the treatment that involved a triple interaction between the study's factors (foliar spraying at a concentration of 4 ml.l - of amino fertilizer + adding 4 ml.l - of liquid organic fertilizer added every 15 days).

The Concentration of Carbohydrates in the Leaves %
The results shown in Table (5) indicate that the concentrations of the amino fertilizer recorded a significant increase in the carbohydrate concentration in the leaves, especially the foliar spray treatment with a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 , which achieved the highest values.As for the concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer, we find that the highest significant value was obtained.on it when adding 4 ml.L -1 of this fertilizer, while there were no significant differences between the dates of application with the values of this trait.The results also indicated with regard to the bilateral overlap between application dates and amino fertilizer concentrations that the highest significant values of this overlap were as a result of foliar spraying at a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of this fertilizer every 30 days.
As for the binary overlap coefficients between application dates and liquid organic fertilizer, it is noted The highest significant value was caused by the interaction treatment between the addition of 4 ml.l - of liquid organic fertilizer added every 15 days, while the treatment of the two-way interaction between the same concentration of 4 ml.l - of both amino and organic liquid fertilizers produced the highest significant value with the values of this characteristic.As for the results of the triple interaction between the factors of the study, it is noted that the two treatments of triple interaction between the same concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of the amino and organic liquid fertilizer, which were added every 15 and 30 days, caused a significant increase in the values of this trait.
Table 5.The effect of the levels and dates of addition of amino fertilizer (Tecmine Max) and organic liquid (Viveter) and the interaction between them in the content of leaves of carbohydrates of Ziziphus apina seedlings.In plants, amino acids play an important role as an osmotic regulator in the cytoplasm of cells, which leads to an increase in the formation of chlorophyll and, in turn, an increase in photosynthesis, which may explain why concentrations of amino fertilizer, especially concentration 4 ml.L -1 with all the studied characteristics, are significantly superior.Because an increase in chlorophyll and leafy area contributes to an increase in the production of basic components, such as monosaccharide's, which are included in the composition of carbohydrates, and their concentration in the leaves, the efficiency of photosynthesis has a positive effect on the carbohydrate content of the leaves [7].The positive effects of amino acids on the studied vegetative growth characteristics can be explained by their role as a source of elements and the essential nitrogen property in building proteins and enzymes critical to physiological processes, such as cellular division and elongation [8].Moreover, amino acids improve the features of vegetative development by activating the function of enzymes, in particular the oxidation-reduction system, which in turn promotes cell division and elongation and boosts the efficiency of photosynthesis and sugar production [9].In addition to its role in improving the soil's physical, chemical, and vital properties, and in lowering the soil's pH to increase the availability of major and minor nutrients due to its content of organic matter, the addition of a concentration of 4 ml.L -1 of the liquid organic fertilizer in the characteristics under study can also be credited with the significant superiority observed.As a result, the plant was able to take in more of the nutrients it needed to carry out its important functions, such as boosting the efficiency of photosynthesis in the production of carbohydrates used in vegetative growth [10,11].
The Duncan test shows that the averages followed by distinct letters are significantly different from one another at the 5% significance level.

Table 4 .
Effect of levels and dates of addition of amino fertilizer (Tecmine Max) and liquid organic (Viveter) and the interference between them in leaf area of Ziziphus apina seedlings.