Effectivity of liquid organic fertilizer on production of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

The main objective of this research was to obtain the optimal concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) from house waste against the growth and yield of pakcoy. This study used an experimental method with a single-factor randomized design group, with eight treatments. The treatments are: A0 (control), A1 (LOF 100 ml/L), A2 (LOF 200 ml/L), A3 (LOF 300 ml/L), A4 (LOF 400 ml/L), A5 (LOF 500 ml/L), A6 (LOF NASA 6 ml/L), A7 (NPK fertilizer 250 kg/ha). The treatments were repeated four times and tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that the application of LOF from house waste significantly affected improving the growth and yield of pakcoy plants. The LOF concentration of 200 ml/L gave the highest contibution to the leaf area: 285 cm2 and fresh weight: 82 gram.


Introduction
Pakcoy plant (Brassica rapa L.) is a type of vegetable plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family.Pakcoy crop production on a year-over-year basis fluctuates.The agricultural production of pakcoy also has a fairly high demand, so to meet consumer needs both in terms of quality and quantity, it is necessary to increase production [1].
Reduced pakcoy production can be caused by poor soil fertility conditions, so good cultivation is needed to improve soil fertility while increasing pakcoy production [2].The agronomic aspect that needs to be considered in plant cultivation techniques is the availability of sufficient nutrients as food for plants to grow and develop.
The availability of nutrients is related to the minerals provided by the planting media, but not all planting media have the same fertility rate, so it is necessary to add nutrients from outside.The types of fertilizers that farmers often use to fertilize pakcoy are organic and inorganic.The use of inorganic fertilizers, if used sustainably, generally adversely affects the condition of the soil.The soil can become hardened and denser so that it is less able to store water, and the pH of the soil become acidic, which will reduce plant productivity [3].
Organic fertilizers are beneficial for increasing agricultural production both in quality and quantity.It can reduce environmental pollution and improve land quality in a sustainable manner.Long-term use of organic fertilizers can increase land productivity and prevent land degradation [4].
The use of organic fertilizers can be a solution to reducing the application of inorganic fertilizers, one of the organic fertilizers is LOF.The use of LOF, when compared to inorganic fertilizer generally brings a lot of advantages to the soil and plants, even though they have been used repeatedly.In addition, LOF also has a binder so that the fertilizer solution applied to the soil surface can be directly used by plants [5].One way to reduce the cost of purchasing fertilizer is to utilize waste or waste materials from the environment.The organic waste used in making this LOF consists of 10 organic materials, including watermelon peel waste [6], tea-boiled water [7], banana peel [8], bean sprout extract 1255 (2023) 012020 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1255/1/012020 2 [9], rice washing water [10], eggshells [11], coconut water [12], tofu pulp [13], corn cobs [14], and coconut husk [15].The magnitude of the potential waste requires a solution to handle it.
Based on the description above, it is necessary to conduct research on the effect of LOF on the growth and yield of pakcoy.With the hope that the LOF will be able to meet the nutrients needed by the pakcoy plant.

Liquid Organic Fertilizer preparation
Watermelon peel waste (1 kg), banana peel kepok (1 kg), eggshell (1 kg), tofu pulp (1 kg), corn cobs (1 kg), coconut water (1 L), chopped and then added with 1 liter of water on each of these ingredients.Other ingredients are 1 liter of tea-boiled water, 1 liter of bean sprouts extract, 1 liter of rice laundry waste, 1 liter of old coconut water, 500 grams of brown sugar and 1 liter of EM4.

Liquid Organic Fertilizer production
First, the entire waste that has been collected and blended or mashed is put in a bucket.Second, finely chopped brown sugar is put in a bucket.Finally, EM4 is inserted and mixed until it becomes homogeneous and closes tightly.Fermentation is carried out for 14 days [9].

Statistical analysis
The observational data were analyzed using Analysis of Variants (ANOVA) based on the F test level at 5% and further tested with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Leaf Area
Giving LOF concentration gave significant effect to large leaf Pakcoy Plant.15.17 Note: The average value followed by the same letters on every same column showed no significant different on DMRT test level of 5%.
Based on table 1, the application of LOF had a significantly different effect on the average of leaf area of the pakcoy plant.The best treatment was the concentration of A2: 200 mL/L with a value of 285 cm 2 .This treatment was not significantly different from the A7: NPK treatment and the A8: NASA treatment, which means this treatment can compete with NPK and NASA (control positif).The results indicate that LOF is organically capable giving wide, good leaves as well as supporting content hormone growth in plants.
Increasing large leaf plant pakcoy caused by gibberellins could increase cell elongation [16].The leaf area can increase due to the presence of gibberellin, which can increase cell elongation so that the cells in the leaves increase and the leaf area in plants also increases.Gibberellins will stimulate cell elongation due to hydrolysis of starch produced by GA3 activity, which will support the formation of -amylase.As a result of this process, the sugar concentration will increase, resulting in an increase in osmotic pressure inside the cell so that the cell will expand [17].
Extension and widening leaf plant are very influenced by availability nutrients; the more good nutrients in the soil and plant, the more large leaves will appear [18].There is fertilizer application through the leaves.Nutrients from the fertilizer will be absorbed directly by the leaves through the stomata [19].The availability and absorption of elements and nutrients from LOF can quickly absorbed by the plant, which is needed in the process metabolism, especially during the vegetative period used to promote cell division and enlargement of cells to form plant organs such as better leaves and stems, so it can accelerate the process of photosynthesis [20].The large leaf describes the process of photosynthesis that takes place.With an increasingly large leaf, the more photosynthesis takes place on leaf the taller it is, so that results photosynthesis formed in the leaves will the more numerous [21].

Plant Fresh Weight
Giving LOF concentration had a significant effect on weight fresh Pakcoy.NPK 250 kg/ha 100.50 a Coefficient Diversity (CD) % 13.00 Note: The average value followed by the same letters on every same column showed no significant different on DMRT test level of 5%.
Based on table 2, there was a significant effect on the fresh weight of the pakcoy plants due to the application of LOF from house waste.According to the observation from five concentrations of LOF treatment, A2: 200 ml/L gave the highest yield on the plant's fresh weight with a value of 82.00 gram.Even though it is not equivalent to A7: NPK with a value of 100.50 gram, it higher than A8: NASA negative control with a value of 54.50 gram.
It showed that nutrients are present on A2 and provide a positive response to weight of fresh plants.Availability of nutrients that can absorbed by plants is one possible factor influences level production and growth of plants, so if the required nutrients for growth are fulfilled, plants will obtain optimal production as well quality [22].Precise concentrations could supports metabolic processes in plants and have a good influence on growth and production [23].
The weight of the fresh plant is proportional to the number of leaves.Plant height and amount leaf could influence the weight fresh plant by 20% [24].Plant wet weight is caused by the large amount of water content in the plant organs in addition to the organic matter content.Gibberellins in plants affect cell enlargement (increase in size); the enlargement of cells results in the size of the new cell being larger than the parent cell [25].An increase in cell size results in an increase in tissue size, thereby increasing organ size and plant weight [26].

Conclusion
The application of LOF from house waste significantly affected improving the growth and yield of pakcoy plants.The LOF concentration of 200 ml/L gave the highest contibution to the leaf area: 285 cm 2 and fresh weight: 82 gram.

Table 1 .
Average Leaf Area Pakcoy Plant as the effect of Giving

Table 2 .
Average Fresh Weight of Pakcoy as giving LOF