Effect of application liquid organic fertilizer Bio3 with some concentrations to carrot (Daucus carota L.) yield

Bio3 Liquid Organic Fertilizer is a liquid organic fertilizer made from fermented fruit waste with local activator JB3. This fertilizer was tested on carrot plants to determine the effect of giving several concentrations of POC Bio3 on carrot yields. The research was conducted in July-November 2022 in Tobu Village, South Central Timor District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study used a single factor randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 9 concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) Bio3 (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 ml/L water) and 3 replications. The parameters studied were tuber diameter, tuber length, tuber wet weight per plot. The results obtained were that the application of Bio3 liquid organic fertilizer to carrot plants had a significant effect on tuber diameter (3.30 cm), tuber length (16.22 cm), tuber weight per plant (84.61 g) and tuber weight per plot (4,230 kg). Based on effectiveness, efficiency and results that are not significantly different, a concentration of 25 ml/L of liquid organic fertilizer Bio3 is the best concentration.


Introduction
East Nusa Tenggara carrot production for the last five years (2015 to 2019) is: 13,101; 20,703; 27,628; 29,051 and 34,210 tonnes or an increase of 28.52%.Meanwhile, carrot production in TTS Regency in 2017 to 2018 decreased by 0.2 tons [1].
The decline in carrot productivity was influenced by the climate, especially the erratic rainfall which resulted in the effect of reduced plant area, harvested area and overall production.In addition, Tobu Village is known as a carrot center and in general, farmers grow carrots without applying fertilizer.Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to increase carrot production, one of which is by using Bio3 liquid organic fertilizer.The provision of liquid organic fertilizer is very important to support plant growth and development.However, in administering it must pay attention to the concentration or dose and frequency.
Bio3 liquid organic fertilizer is a type of fertilizer in liquid form from fruit waste and local organic matter that is capable of producing nutrients, ZPT and biocontrol agents for pest/disease control which is fermented with local activator JB3 so it dissolves easily into the soil and is easily absorbed by plants when applied.Bio3 liquid organic fertilizer contains micro and macronutrient such as: N, P, K, available Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Na, Ca, Mg, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.), Decomposing bacteria (Bacillus sp.), Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter [2].So that the fertilizer can be used as a food source for plants and improve the structure and nutrient content of the soil so that plant growth will be better.
The application of liquid organic fertilizer must pay attention to the concentration [3].The use of fruit waste LOF with JB3 activator at a concentration of 10 ml/L water was able to give the best crop lettuce yields (at a wet weight of 289.82 g/plant and a dry weight of 11.100 g/plant) [4].Informed that the use of fruit waste LOF supplemented with nutrient enhancing ingredients N, P, and K that the best concentration was 45 ml/L of water applied to shallot plants resulted in a plant height of 31.43 cm (6 The use of Bio3 Plus fertilizer has not been widely published even though it has been widely used by farmers in TTS District.Therefore, it is necessary to do research on "The Effect of Giving Several Concentrations of Bio3 Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Yield".In order to find out whether the administration of LOF Bio3 affects carrot yield and at what concentration of LOF Bio3 has the best effect on carrot growth and yield.

Materials and Method
Research activities have been carried out from July to November 2022 in Tobu Village, Tobu District, South Central Timor (TTS) Regency, NTT Province, Indonesia.Bahan yang digunakan adalah benih wortel varietas Kuroda dan LOF Bio3.The equipment used is a hoe, rake, meter, thermometer, and scale.
This study was designed using a randomized block design (RBD) with concentrations of Bio3 (B) fertilizer consisting of 9 treatment levels with 3 replications, so there were 27 experimental units.Bio3 concentration treatment viz: Without giving LOF Bio3, 5 ml/L, 10 ml/L, 15 ml/L, 20 ml/L, 25 ml/L, 30 ml/L, 35 ml/L and 40 ml/L.The application of LOF Bio 3 Plus starts when the plants are 10 days after planting (HST) up to 1 week before harvest.LOF Bio3 application to plants will be carried out 2 times a week, in the afternoon.LOF Bio3 is administered at a dose of 250 ml/plant.If the experimental data have been obtained then analysed using variance, and if there are differences between treatments then a further test is carried out using the BNJ 5% method [6].Variables consist of: 1) analysis of soil chemical properties includes, air temperature ( o C), humidity (%); 2) tuber length (cm), the tuber diameter (mm), weight of tubers/plants (g), root weight/plot (g).

Chemical properties of the initial planting medium
Analysis of several chemical properties of the initial planting medium, including C-organic, CEC, pH, and macronutrients N, P, K, and Mg.The results of the analysis of some of the chemical properties of the initial planting media are listed in Table 1.The C-organic content of the initial planting medium is high, this means that the planting medium contains a lot of organic matter.Organic matter has a good effect on soil requirements including a source of energy for soil organisms, loosens soil, increases soil productivity, increases the ability to attract water, and contributes to colloids.The way to maintain or increase the levels of organic matter is by applying organic fertilizers including LOF Bio3.
The value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) is moderate.CEC values are influenced by organic and mineral colloids.High C-organic levels will contribute organic colloids which will have an impact on CEC values.CEC plays a role in binding and exchanging cations.The planting medium with a moderate CEC value has sufficient ability to absorb cations so that the cations are not easily lost due to washing or evaporation, and there are sufficient reserves of cations in the planting medium.
Soil acidity reaction can be seen from the pH value.The initial pH value of the planting medium was 7.20 which was classified as wet.The pH value determines the solubility of nutrients and the ease with which nutrients are absorbed by plants.At pH values that are classified as neutral, macro and micronutrient are generally easily soluble as nutrients in an available state.Available nutrients are in the form of nutrients that can be absorbed by plant roots.
The levels of macronutrient N, P, and K are classified as very neutral-moderate, and the levels of micronutrients Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn are low.If the planting medium is to be used, it is important to apply fertilization to increase the availability of nutrients so that it can support plant growth and development.For this reason, the concentration of LOF Bio3 must be considered.

Air temperature ( o C) and humidity (%)
Air temperature and humidity are measured from June to August 2022, at 06.00, 13.00 and 17.00.During the growth phase the average temperature range is 25.5 o C in the morning, 27.8 o C in the afternoon and 26.5 o C in the afternoon; and humidity in the morning 62.3%, afternoon, 60.0% and afternoon 63.8%.The results of the average temperature and humidity.
The average temperature range during the study was 25.5 to 27.8 o C. The average temperature is not in accordance with growing conditions.The optimal daily air temperature for carrot plant growth is 15.6 to 21.1 o C [7].The air temperature during the study was 25.5 to 27.8 o C, which was higher than the growing temperature.Higher temperatures can affect carrot yields, especially tuber diameters ranging from 2.58 to 3.30 cm and tuber weight 51.72 to 84.61g, slightly below the description, namely tuber diameters ranging from 4 to 5 cm and tuber weight 180 to 200 g. to 90%.This means the air humidity under growing conditions.Air humidity under growing conditions results in poor growth and tuber formation [8].
Temperature and humidity that are not in accordance with the conditions of growth have an impact on the growth and yield of carrot plants.However, carrot plants are still able to provide good growth as seen from a plant height ranging from 25.83 to 31.39 cm, slightly below the description, namely 30-35 cm and the number of leaves ranging from 9.00 to 10.19 which corresponds to the description, namely 8 to 10 sheets.This is because carrot plants are able to adapt well to the environment, especially temperature and humidity which are not suitable for growing conditions.
Air temperature and humidity changed, the average temperature increased and air humidity decreased at 13.00 hours, while at 07.00 and 17.00 the average temperature was lower and the air humidity increased.This is because at 13.00 the sun's radiation is hot enough so that the air temperature increases and the air humidity becomes low.While at 07.00 and 17.00 solar radiation decreases so that the air temperature decreases followed by an increase in air humidity.

Tuber Length
The results of the analysis of variance showed that the administration of several concentrations of LOF Bio3 had a very significant effect on tuber length.
The data in Table 2 informs that the administration of several concentrations of LOF Bio3 has a significant effect on the length of carrot tubers.LOF Bio3 given at a concentration of 40 ml/L water produced an average length of tubers of 11.89 cm which was significantly different from other concentrations, but significantly different from that without LOF Bio3.Tubers are plant organs for storing food reserves resulting from the process of photosynthesis.The more food reserves stored, the tuber size will increase both in length and tuber size.
Stated that increasing photosynthetic results would affect tuber length [9].And the Bio3 liquid organic fertilizer given at a concentration of 5 to 40 ml/L of water produced significantly different tuber lengths.

Tabel 2. The average length of carrot tubers LOF Bio3 concentration
Average tuber length (cm) 0 ml/L water 11,89 a 5 ml/L water 14,67 ab 10 ml/L water 14,39 ab 15 ml/L water 14,94 bc 20 ml/L water 15,00 bc 25 ml/L water 15,56 bc 30 ml/L water 15,83 bc 35 ml/L water 15,67 bc 40 ml/L water 16,22 c BNJ 5% 1,96 Note: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different according to the BNJ 5% test According to the description, the Kuroda Carrot variety has a tuber length range of 15 to 20 cm.The data in Table 2 informs that the planting medium treated with LOF Bio3 at a concentration of 20 to 40 ml/L water produces an average tuber length ranging from 15 to 16.22 cm, which is in accordance with the description of the plant.This means that the application of LOF Bio3 at a concentration of 20 to 40 ml/L water causes the available nutrients in the planting medium and those absorbed by the roots to be relatively the same, as well as plant growth capable of producing tuber length according to the description.Besides that, higher temperature and humidity (Figure 1) affect the formation of tubers.That the humidity below the growth conditions results in poor growth and tuber formation, where the tuber length is not optimal [8].

Tuber Diameter
The results of the analysis of variance indicated that the administration of several LOF Bio3 concentrations had a significant effect on tuber length.The average diameter of carrot tubers and the 5% BNJ test results are shown in Table 3.
The data in Table 3 informs that the administration of several LOF Bio3 concentrations has a significant effect on the diameter of carrot tubers.LOF Bio3 which was given at a concentration of 40 ml/L water produced an average diameter of the widest tuber, which was 3.30 cm which was not significantly different from the other concentrations, but significantly different from that without LOF Bio3.The planting medium that was given LOF Bio3 at a concentration of 5 to 40 ml/L water was able to produce more photosynthate than that which was not given LOF Bio3, so that the impact on carrot tubers was wider, compared to the planting medium that was not given LOF Bio3.
According to the description, the Kuroda carrot variety has a tuber diameter range of 2.58 to 3.30 cm.This means that the application of LOF Bio3 at all concentrations resulted in a tuber diameter that was smaller than the description, namely 4 to 5 cm.The results of photosynthesis that are distributed to the tubers are used more for tuber elongation, rather than for tuber diameter enlargement.Climatic factors, namely higher temperature and humidity affect tuber formation, where the tuber diameter is below the plant description.

Wet Weight of Bulbs/Plants
The results of the analysis of variance indicated that the administration of several LOF Bio3 concentrations had a significant effect on the fresh weight of carrot tubers/plants.The average weight of carrot tubers/plants and the 5% BNJ test results are shown in Table 4.
Weight is the accumulation of photosynthetic products in the form of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.The greater the plant biomass, the more likely it is that the plant's metabolic processes will run better, and vice versa.The wet weight of carrot tubers is the accumulation of photosynthesis and water content in the tubers.The size of the tuber will affect the wet weight of the tuber, namely the length and diameter of the tuber.
The data in Table 4 informs that the application of several LOF Bio3 concentrations has a significant effect on the fresh weight of carrot tubers per plant.LOF Bio3 which was given at a concentration of 40 ml/L water produced an average diameter of the heaviest tuber, which was 84.61 cm which was not significantly different from the other concentrations, but significantly different from that without LOF Bio3.28,64 Note: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different according to the BNJ 5% test Liquid organic fertilizer applied at a concentration of 5 to 40 ml/L of water resulted in insignificantly different tuber sizes.LOF Bio3 given at a concentration of 5 to 40 ml/L resulted in insignificantly different tuber longest (Table 2) and tuber diameter (Table 3), causing an insignificant difference in carrot tuber weight per plant.This means that the application of LOF Bio3 at all concentrations produces tubers that are lighter than the description, namely 180 to 200 g.The wet weight of the tuber is affected by the length and diameter of the tuber, the diameter of the tuber which is shorter than the description causes the tuber to be lighter which does not match the description of the plant so that other nutrients are needed apart from LOF.

Fresh weight of tubers/plots
The average weight of carrot tubers/plots and the 5% BNJ test results are shown in Table 5.The data in Table 5 informs that the application of several concentrations of LOF Bio3 has a very significant effect on the fresh weight of carrot tubers per plot.LOF Bio3 given at a concentration of 40 ml/L water resulted in a significantly heavier tuber/plot wet weight than other concentrations.The wet weight of tubers/plots was influenced by the wet weight of tubers/plants.The results of the regression analysis between fresh weight per plant showed a close relationship with the value of R2 = 1 with the regression equation y = 3x -6E -13 (Figure 2), which means that every 1 g increase in fresh weight per plant will increase the fresh weight of tubers/ plot of 1 g.

Conclusion
This research can be concluded that the treatment of LOF Bio3 concentrations in carrot plants had a significant effect on tuber diameter, tuber length, tuber weight per plant and tuber weight per plot.Based on effectiveness, efficiency and results, the application LOF Bio3 at a concentration of 5 ml/L water showed the best result for tuber diameter, tuber length, tuber weight per plant and tuber weight per plot.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Temperature and humidity for august-october 2022

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Correlation between wet weight of tubers/plants and wet weight of tubers/plots

Table 1 .
Some chemical properties of early soil media Source: Results of Soil and Water Laboratory Analysis, Bogor Agricultural University, 2022

Table 4 .
Average weight of carrot tubers per plant

Table 5 .
Average tuber weight Numbers Followed by the Same Letter in the Same Column Are Not Significantly Different According to the BNJ 5% Test 1255 (2023) 012008 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1255/1/012008