The Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Social, Economic, and Environmental Aspects: The Role of the Private Sector in Tourism Villages

The development of tourism villages is formed from a strong tourism potential factor. This study aims to identify the implementation of sustainable development through the management of the natural tourism potential of Merbabu Park in Kopeng Tourism Village, Semarang Regency. The research method used a descriptive qualitative study with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research observation unit and the unit of analysis consists of the management of Merbabu Park Nature Tourism, the community, and the local village government. The results showed that the ability to manage the natural tourism of Merbabu Park in Kopeng Tourism Village supports sustainable development goals (SDGs). The formation of mountainous natural resource tourism provides benefits such as income for the village, job creation through community participation, availability of better facilities and infrastructure for tourism villages, and sustainable community empowerment. This realization is a form of joint contribution of the community, government, and private/business parties to develop natural potential in Kopeng Village. The implication of this research is the synergy between the village government, natural tourism organizers, and Kopeng village community in achieving sustainable development through fulfilling social, economic, and environmental aspects.


Introduction
Ensuring the survival of the current society has become a challenge that needs to be undertaken in order to have a better chance in the future.According to [1], a prosperous society is realized through participation in development, as the purpose of development is to create a just and prosperous society.Thus, in the current development process, it is necessary to plan according to the concept of sustainability as stated in Article 1, paragraph (3) of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Protection and Management of Environment, which states that sustainable development must integrate environmental, social, and economic aspects in the development process to ensure the safety, capability, well-being, 2 and quality of life of the present and future generations [2].Sustainable development is a development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations [3].
One form of the implementation of sustainable development goals is through sustainable industrial development.Tourism sector is one of the industrial sectors possessing potential for economic development.The existence of the tourism sector can influence economic growth by creating business opportunities and job opportunities that can absorb the workforce.Tourism is also important to drive since it serves as a source of regional economic income and exchange reserve for the country [4].As stated by [5], tourism is seen as a stimulus to enhance the economy and improve the welfare of the society.Tourism industry is not only a supporting factor in economic growth but also serves as a means of education for the local community to become independent and stimulates the growth of other sectors synergistically [6].Therefore, the tourism sector should be further developed to create good and sustainable tourism destinations.The development of tourism which is in line with the principles of sustainable development is the environmental, socio-cultural, and economic aspects [6].Sustainable development in this context involves optimizing the utilization of natural resources while preserving the ecology and biodiversity, respecting the culture and traditions of the local community, and ensuring long-term economic sustainability that can reduce poverty [7].In realizing sustainable development, this can be achieved through the establishment of tourism villages, as there are still many untapped potentials of natural resources in rural areas that need to be improved and further developed.
Tourism village is the implementation of community-based and sustainable development with the concept of continuous development and making tourism a cultural value [8].Therefore, through tourism villages, it is useful to raise awareness among the community to start participating in tourism development [9].This is done for the empowerment of the village community since in addition to farming and livestock jobs, tourism can also increase the income of the community, which promotes changes in welfare for the people [10] [36][37][38].Furthermore, the existing natural resources can be protected because the presence of the local community will not harm the environment in that area [11].The direction of tourism village development, among others, is to optimize the function of rural areas as tourism areas, and enhance the role of tourism villages as public areas [12].Therefore, the survival and participation of the community in tourism destination development become very significant.With the development of tourism villages, this is one of the opportunities to utilize the potential that exists in the villages.Rural areas with their characteristic of beautiful natural landscapes, diverse flora and fauna, population and culture which offer unique experiences for tourists [12].Therefore, awareness of environmental conservation is needed by transforming destructive behaviors into nurturing behaviors [6].To achieve this, revitalization can be carried out by giving special attention to efforts in developing or improving the tourism environment [13].
One of the villages developed into a tourism village is Kopeng village, precisely located in Dusun Cuntel, Semarang Regency.Since 2006, Dusun Cuntel has been part of the Kopeng Tourism Village consisting of accommodation and hiking tourism.Tourism development began with the support of the Semarang Tourism Department, which helped build a basecamp for hiking and an observation post.In 2013, tourism expanded to include photo spots and camping due to its strategic location and scenic views, attracting tourists.The development of tourism has continued until today, especially in nature tourism, camping, homestays, villas, and agrotourism.The tourism potential of Desa Kopeng is supported by its geographical location in the highlands, in which the village is surrounded by mountains, sho wcasing the beauty of nature.Because of its beautiful nature, this has become a driving force for the development of the tourism village.The development of the tourism sector requires optimal support, not only in terms of environmental sustainability but also in financing, accessibility, infrastructure, and public facilities.The synergy between tourism and the local area is equally important since Kopeng village cannot develop its tourism sector optimally without support in tourism development.Therefore, cooperation and integrity among the stakeholders involved in the development of the Tourism Village are needed.The actors involved in the development of the tourism village are the village government, tourism operators, and the village community.Based on the background above, the problem statement can be formulated as follows: How is the management of Merbabu Park Tourist Attraction implementing sustainable development in Kopeng tourism village?Considering this problem statement, the objective is to analyze the management of Merbabu Park Tourist Attraction in implementing sustainable development in the tourism village of Kopeng.

Method
The research method used is descriptive qualitative study.This is intended to analyze the role of the private sector in tourism villages to achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).The research process begins by determining the location and research objects.The research takes place at Merbabu Park tourist attraction and Dusun Cuntel.The objects at Merbabu Park include the manager, employees, and visitors.The objects in Dusun Cuntel are the Village officials consisting of the Village Head, Head of the neighborhood unit (RW), and Head of neighborhood (RT) of 01 to 05.Data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation in sequential order has results that meet the researcher's needs, making it easier to draw understandable conclusions [14], [15].In this research, triangulation is used to create a comparison and examination of the collected data to determine whether it is consistent, inconsistent, or contradictory.This study utilizes source triangulation, in which data is collected from various sources using the same techniques.The main sources in this research are the Village officials, employees, and visitors of Merbabu Park tourist attraction.A clear description of the observed phenomena will be provided.The data analysis technique used is the domain analysis by Spradley.After collecting the data, the researcher classifies it into domains and subdomains while identifying the semantic relationships.Spradley [16] suggests several stages in data analysis for qualitative research, including: a) discovering semantic relationships, b) creating a list of domain analysis worksheets, c) selecting data based on similarities, d) searching for inclusive data, e) formulating structured questions, and f) creating a list of discovered domains.This analysis will facilitate the researcher in drawing conclusions and discussing the implementation of sustainable development through the management of Merbabu Park's natural tourism in Kopeng tourism village.

Result and Discussion
Based on the results of interviews and observations conducted in the field, several interesting phenomena were observed in the management of natural tourism potential in Dusun Cuntel, Kopeng Village, Semarang Regency.Data was collected through interviews with multiple sources and observations related to the implementation of sustainable development through the management of natural tourism potential.The interviewees are the managers of the natural tourism, employees, and tourists, as well as the village officials in Kopeng, including the neighborhood (RT) and community unit (RW) administrators, the head of Dusun Cuntel, the youth organization (Karang Taruna), and the surrounding community of Kopeng Village.

Analysis of Domain 1: Sustainable Tourism Development in Kopeng Village
The implementation of sustainable tourism development in Kopeng Tourism Village is presented in Domain 1 analysis.The semantic relationships found from the analysis of the domain are presented in Table 1.The following is the analysis of Domain 1 obtained from field data collection, including: Source: Field data analysis results.
Table 1 show that Domain 1 analysis encompasses the implementation of sustainable development in Dusun Cuntel, Kopeng Tourism Village, Semarang Regency.The sustainable development of Kopeng Village can be observed through the management of Merbabu Park's natural tourism, which includes its attractions, accessibility, facilities and infrastructure, and other supporting activities.Furthermore, sustainable development can be seen in the aspect of sustainable environmental management, which adheres to principles such as waste reduction, prevention of environmental damage, and reuse of unused items.Lastly, sustainable development is reflected in the empowerment of the local community's participation in the development of the existing natural tourism management in Kopeng Tourism Village.The goal of sustainable development is to improve the well-being of society in meeting the needs of both the present and future generations [17].Environmental management is also supported by the utilization of the tourism sector, which emphasizes energy efficiency, environmental preservation, and the avoidance of any destruction in its management.

Analysis of Domain 2: The Impact of Nature Tourism on Sustainable Development.
Next is the analysis of Domain 2 regarding the impact of nature tourism management in supporting sustainable development in Kopeng Tourism Village.The pattern of semantic relationships can be observed from Table 2, which provides an overview of how sustainable development in Kopeng Tourism Village is supported through the development of nature tourism as a village asset.The following presents the results of the analysis of Domain 2 regarding the impact of nature tourism on sustainable development.Source: Analysis of Domain 2 field data Table 2 of Domain 2 analysis provides an overview of the impact of tourism management in striving for sustainable development in Dusun Cuntel, Kopeng Tourism Village, Semarang Regency.However, in its implementation, it also faces constraints and challenges that need to be addressed and improved to ensure successful sustainable development.
Based on the results of Domain 1 and Domain 2 analysis, a pattern of domain analysis is formed, as shown in Figure 1.The implementation of sustainable development due to the contribution of sustainable tourism management in Dusun Cuntel, Kopeng Tourism Village, is depicted in the pattern of domain analysis as follows:

Data Description and Analysis
The description of the research data will be presented based on the analysis of domain work in Figure 1, which consists of: 1) tourism village development, 2) environmental management, 3) community empowerment, 4) Impact of tourism management for sustainable development.The following is the explanation of each domain obtained as a result of field analysis: 3.3.1.Tourism Village Development.The development of Kopeng tourist village can be seen through several aspects of its management, including: 1) Tourist attractions, 2) Accessibility, 3) Facilities and Infrastructure, and 4) Activities.The development of the tourist village focuses on the natural potential, in this case, Merbabu Park, which is presented as follows: 3.3.1.1First, the natural attractions serve as the main characteristic in the objectives of sustainable tourism development.This is shown in the initial purpose of Merbabu Park as a natural tourist destination, aimed at harnessing the potential of natural resources for the well-being of the community.Natural attractions include the management of gardens with unique icons for photo spots, mountain views with a cool and clean atmosphere, camping grounds, and educational activities involving animals such as goats and rabbits, and many more.Additionally, the local culture of Dusun Cuntel in Kopeng village is characterized by its friendly community.This was expressed in an interview with the head of Dusun Cuntel: "...the community prioritizes smiling, greetings, and even if you come here without knowing anyone, you will be invited to stop by.Moreover, the scenic views and the air here are unlike any other place."(N.J-2).Therefore, the driving factors for visiting Merbabu Park in Dusun Cuntel are

Management of Merbabu Park
Nature Tourism

Environmentbased tourism development
The creation of a circular economy

Social responsibility
The objectives of sustainable development in Kopeng Village the excellent cool and serene mountain environment and the local culture that emphasizes a welcoming attitude towards anyone.Several factors contribute to attracting tourists, including something interesting to see, distinctive items to be purchased as souvenirs, and activities that can be enjoyed in the area [18].In reality, Kopeng village fulfills these three attractions as demonstrated by its culture and scenic views, the availability of local culinary delights and agricultural products as souvenirs, and activities such as camping that allow visitors to immerse themselves in the natural environment and mountains.The following table presents visitor statistics for the past three months and compares them with the revenue levels of Merbabu Park's management in 2023 from January to April: Based on Figure 2, the graph of the number of tourists at Merbabu Park as a private entity shows fluctuating visitor numbers.In January, the number of visitors was 4,939, which decreased to 3,167 in February.In March, there was a further decline, reaching the lowest number of visitors at 2,287.In April, there was an increase to 3,766 visitors.The decrease in visitor numbers can be attributed to the fasting month, which reduces visitor activities.However, the numbers rebounded due to the Eid holiday and long weekends, which became the main factors contributing to the increased number of visitors to Merbabu Park.

3.3.1.2
Secondly, the provision of accessibility at Merbabu Park is an important aspect in supporting the accessibility of natural tourism visitors.Several components of accessibility in the tourist village around Dusun Cuntel include a relatively good road access, although the roads can be narrow when multiple cars pass at the same time.Leaflets and directional signs are provided to guide visitors to the tourist attractions: "Only one car can pass at a time, so it needs to be coordinated from below, but now it's a bit wider, only a few sections remain in poor condition" (N.D-10).With this situation, it is important for the tourism management and local community to set up strategies in terms of access to the tourism site to ensure a safe and comfortable journey for visitors.

3.3.1.3
Thirdly, the implementation of facilities and infrastructure to support tourism at Merbabu Park contributes to the comfort and safety of visitors.Some of these facilities include accommodations or homestays, villas, base camps for hiking, live-in houses, restaurants, cafes, eateries, and souvenir centers based on locals such as ornamental plants, vegetables, and products from local small and medium enterprises (SMEs).As stated by the head of the village: "Dusun Cuntel is part of the Kopeng tourism village, here we have homestays, so from the accommodations to the houses, there is also a specific interest destination for climbing" (N.J-1).This statement is supported by the head of neighborhood (RT) of RT 05 stating: "Here, there are camping sites, villas, homestays..." (N.Y-7).Other facilities available in the tourist village include an ambulance obtained from parking fees and the road access provided around the Kopeng tourism village.Community-based tourism development is shown by providing various tourism activities, local food and beverages, and accommodation services.Outdoor activities usually include trekking, camping, and hiking, while indoor activities tend to focus on village activities including participating in cooking, weaving, and other traditional practices [19].The participation of the

Number of Merbabu Park tourists
Number of tourists community is based on internal motivations such as self-development and communication, while external motivations can come from the influence of practitioners or others, consequences of choices, and more [20].
3.3.1.4Fourthly, the supporting activities provided by the tourism managers aim to encourage tourists to stay longer and enjoy the surrounding atmosphere.These tourism activities are created in line with the characteristics found in Dusun Cuntel, Kopeng Village.Merbabu Park offers educational facilities for environmental care, such as the Rabbit Castle, sheep care, and horseback riding tours.This was expressed by the tourism manager: "There is a Rabbit Castle attraction that stands out in this tourism spot.It can teach children to feed rabbits."(N.TA-9).These facilities provide an opportunity for visitors to interact with nature, animals, and the environment in order to take care of and maintain ecological balance.

Environmental management.
The potential of mountain landscapes and the cool natural environment are the primary focus of environmental management in Merbabu Park in Kopeng.The park's environment, supported by a cool atmosphere and clean air, becomes a unique attraction for tourists.The environment serves as a natural resource and embodies local wisdom for the surrounding residents.This is shown in the efforts made by the managers, local community, and tourists to avoid environmental destruction.Continuous efforts are made to improve the natural environment through tree planting, ornamental plants, and maintaining cleanliness, involving all parties.As stated by one individual, "...in feeding the fish, cleaning the pond, or planting trees, it doesn't have to be just me, but everyone collaborates in feeding or cleaning the environment" (S.K-8).In addition to the principle of restoring damaged ecosystems, the tourist site also implements green environmental programs by planting various types of trees and ornamental plants, creating a preserved and natural habitat for birds.Furthermore, environmental management also emphasizes the avoidance of resource wastage.This is demonstrated through the appropriate use of clean water according to needs, sourcing food from local residents in accordance with demand, and the efficient use of energy, such as electricity.Lastly, the management of tourist attractions also focuses on repurposing unused items into iconic elements within the site.Some of them include turning tree branches into art sculptures, using coconut leaves for roofing on gazebos, and transforming used tires into animal sculptures, etc. Environmentally friendly management practices can help reduce negative business practices towards the environment [21].

Village community empowerment.
The management of Merbabu Park natural tourism implements the principle of excellent service in serving visitors.The managers strive to provide guidance and motivation to their employees to work in a friendly, polite, and good manner.This is shown in how the staff members greet visitors with smiles and offer assistance.As one employee stated, "Employees are given the opportunity to participate in training provided by the tourism department, hospitality, and culinary training.So, we have to participate in those activities" (N.TA-6).The employees primarily come from the local people of Kopeng, working and contributing to the management of the natural tourism that highly values the environment.However, the challenge for the managers lies in shaping the mindset and promoting professionalism, as the majority of the local people previously worked in the agricultural sector.This presents a unique challenge for the managers so that they need to set up strategies through training and mentoring programs for their employees.In addition to the efforts made by the managers, the local government of Semarang Regency also plays a role in empowering the communities in all the tourism villages in Kopeng.They provide training and mentoring on various topics, such as tourism permits, regulations and policies, environmental management in tourism, and others.The training is related to tourism management and giving community motivation to the participation of the community in achieving the goals of sustainable village development [22].

The impact of village tourism management for the purpose of sustainable village development.
Tourism management by the tourism sector can be found in the previous discussion.Based on field data collected from tourism operators as private parties, from the government's side, in this case, the neighborhood head (RT), community head (RW), village head, and tourism department, together contribute to the efforts of developing the village tourism.The following is the explanation of the impact of village tourism management on sustainable development in Kopeng village: 3.3.4.1 Income improvement for the community and the village.The community's income, in this case, is obtained from their participation in managing tourist attractions around Kopeng.The community can be directly involved as tourism employees, such as park managers, ticket attendants, cashiers, restaurant staff, supervisors, and parking attendants.Additionally, the surrounding community also participates by supplying food materials to restaurants, as the majority of the population works in the agricultural sector.
The following graph presents income data for the period of four months, January to April 2023: Based on the revenue generated by the private sector, it serves as the basis for calculating the income of the community members who participate as tourism employees.A part of the income, as much as 2.5%, is allocated for the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program for Kopeng Village.Additionally, other contributions are given to the village during the celebration of "sedekah bumi," an annual local cultural event that is respected and supported by all tourism operators.

Creation of entrepreneurial practices.
The opportunities provided by the tourism sector also offer a chance for the community to develop entrepreneurial skills.The entrepreneurship mentioned here involves the production of souvenirs such as vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants, plant seeds, and trees.Additionally, traditional food processing using local natural resources in Kopeng, such as fried corn rice, cassava with cheese, spinach leaf chips, and many others, is also part of the entrepreneurial activities.These processed products are developed by the village community, considering the natural potential of Kopeng.Consequently, the presence of nature tourism greatly benefits the community, as their culinary products can enter the market.

Provision of employment opportunities for the community.
The tourism sector in Kopeng provides a wider and broader opportunity for the surrounding community to participate.Community participation takes various forms, including being employees of the Merbabu Park tourist attraction, sharing profits from owned lands, some people also become investors in tourism management, and supplying food materials for restaurant operations.Additionally, local youth organizations (Karang Taruna) manage parking facilities and access to tourist sites.Although the village community had to adapt to the transition from agriculture to tourism at first, based on the analysis of field data, they received training and assistance from tourism operators and the tourism department.Thus, these training and assistance efforts serve as solutions for achieving the goals of sustainable development in terms of human resource management.The community members who participate and have jobs in tourism management benefit from the village's development and overall progress, not only in terms of infrastructure development but also in the benefits experienced by the village community [23].towards Sustainable Development Goals can be seen from the facilities, infrastructure, and accommodation.One of them is the establishment of homestays in the surrounding area of Kopeng.These homestays provide opportunities for the community to offer accommodation for tourists who wish to stay near the tourist attractions.Additionally, the community has the opportunity to manage parking for tourists, which allows them to purchase an ambulance, which benefits the needs of the village community: "...with the income from ticket sales, we, as the youth organization, were able to buy an ambulance and create buildings like the signboards of Dusun Cuntel, Kopeng..." (N.MA-16).
3.3.4.5 Preservation of the natural environment.Tourism management by the business sector utilizes the natural environment for its care, preservation, and conservation through the implemented developments.This is because the environmental factors serve as potential attractions that need to be managed while considering the future sustainability.Living in a tourism village provides a different experience compared to urban areas as it offers opportunities to create a balanced lifestyle.The tourism village offers a refreshing and cool natural atmosphere, satisfaction in vacation, as well as the preservation of the local environment and culture.Thus, the preservation of the natural environment resulting from the creation of attractions in Merbabu Park supports the implementation of sustainable development goals.
The tourism sector plays an important role in contributing both materially and non-materially, as demonstrated through capital and collaboration between government programs and the private sector, resulting in mutual benefits [24].Various forms of collaboration can be observed, such as the training programs provided by the Semarang Regency Tourism Department to all tourism villages and their operators, including Merbabu Park.Additionally, the community will develop skills and knowledge that are appropriate to the current market trends and needs [25], [26].On the other hand, the use of land for village tourism attractions has complex interactions with the economy, society, and the environment, and it plays a crucial role in regulating climate, food security, and carbon cycles [27].

Challenges in achieving the goals of sustainable development (SDGs).
The efforts to achieve the goals of sustainable development in Kopeng tourism village through Merbabu Park face various challenges in their implementation.The absorption of tourism workforce prioritizes local residents, who mainly come from a farming background.Skills in management and work discipline are important areas that need to be improved by the operators to ensure efficiency in their work.Additionally, the motivation of the workforce requires sufficient support from the tourism operators, the village government, and even the Semarang Regency Tourism Department.Changing mindsets and work cultures naturally require a significant amount of time.Merbabu Park is a relatively new tourism establishment, operating for only two years.This implies to the human resource management processes which need continuous development from an employment perspective.Lastly, one challenge faced by the community is to master the technology used to promote their tourism village.Some can follow the plans set by the tourism operators in providing excellent service, but the majority of the community still struggles with technology, both in terms of equipment usage and access to homestays for tourists.On the other hand, the alignment between goals and targets in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the lack of monitoring and evaluation methods to assess the progress of implementation pose challenges for tourism sector operators.Therefore, a set of measurable indicators is greatly needed to support the tourism sector in evaluating the effectiveness of their implementation efforts.
Minister of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration Regulation Number 13 of 2020 on the Priority Utilization of Village Funds for the Year 2021 outlines at least 18 goals and development targets through the SDGs for the village, which are as follows: 1) Poverty-free villages, 2) Hunger-free villages, 3) Healthy and prosperous villages, 4) Quality village education, 5) Gender equality in villages, 6) Villages with access to clean water and sanitation, 7) Villages with clean and renewable energy, 8) Employment and economic growth in villages, 9) Innovation and village infrastructure, 10) Villages without disparities, 11) Sustainable rural settlement areas, 12) Environmentally conscious consumption and production in villages, 13) Village-based climate control, Based on several factors related to the management of village tourism attractions, it is understood that the tourism sector has had an impact on the efforts to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs).As proven by the analysis of domains and the work pattern analysis, the empowerment of environmentally-based tourism attractions in order to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) can be shown in Table 3.The role of natural tourism managers in the implementation of SDGs is as follows: Source: Field data analysis results.
Based on the impact analysis presented in Table 3, it provides an overview of the role of Merbabu Park tourism village management in supporting the implementation of sustainable development goals in Kopeng village.The private sector is one of the key stakeholders responsible for accelerating the SDGs implementation process [28].The impacts can be observed in three pillars: Social, Economic, and Environmental.Social responsibility of tourism management, circular economy, and environmental initiatives are needed to support SDGs implementation.These three pillars are interconnected, with links between Social and Economic aspects, as well as between Environmental and Economic aspects.Economic factors are influenced by social and environmental factors, with SDGs 9, which is innovation and village infrastructure, being one of the most important factors in accelerating SDGs achievement [29].Moreover, SDGs implementation should refocus on the environmental dimension to ensure that the achievement of socio-economic goals does not harm ecosystems for human.[30]- [32].The goals of sustainable development in tourism villages require a comprehensive, integrative, and strategic approach [33].The implementation of a comprehensive approach is demonstrated through collaboration among private sector entities, tourism departments, investors, and local communities.The government, private sector, and communities must collaborate to promote the sustainable development agenda.The private sector can contribute by using environmentally friendly technologies in their operations, employing local people, collaborating with the government in infrastructure development, etc. [34].Additionally, an integrated approach needs to be implemented to ensure that the goals of village development align with national and global sustainable development objectives.Lastly, the implementation of sustainable development goals needs to consider the vision and mission of the central government, particularly the tourism department of Semarang Regency, as well as the role of policies starting from the neighborhood level (RT and RW) up to the village government in Kopeng.Thus, the implementation of SDGs primarily focuses on the role of communication and government support [35].

Conclution
Based on the presented findings and discussions, it can be concluded that the private sector, represented by Merbabu Park as a tourist attraction, supports the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Kopeng village.The private sector plays a role in social, economic, and environmental responsibilities.Social responsibilities are fulfilled through the creation of effective and efficient working environments, establishing relevant partnerships, and ensuring accessibility and safe infrastructure.Economic contributions are made through job creation, the establishment of entrepreneurship areas based on local economy, the promotion of environmentally friendly products, and the principles of circular economy.Lastly, the private sector environmental role focuses on energy efficiency, creating a comfortable and peaceful atmosphere for the community.However, the private sector faces challenges in achieving SDGs, such as inefficiencies in licensing for tourism sector establishments, inadequate standardization of community participation in nature tourism management, low motivation, and limited knowledge and technology, especially in digital marketing.The implications of this research highlight the need of coordination among tourism managers, local and central governments, as well as investors, to collectively develop the potential of village tourism in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) for the village.Some proposed measures are training and mentoring programs for tourism management, broader entrepreneurship development in processing local products, particularly in culinary aspects using local agricultural products, and enhancing technological proficiency in digital marketing to raise awareness about the abundant natural and mountain tourism potential in Kopeng village.On the other hand, the completeness of the relation between goals and targets in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), as well as the lack of monitoring and evaluation methods to assess the implementation progress are the challenges for tourism sector managers.Thus, a set of measurable indicators is greatly needed to support tourism stakeholders in evaluating the implementation that has been done.

FIGURE 1 .
FIGURE 1. Pattern of Domain Analysis for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the Management of Merbabu Park Nature Tourism

FIGURE 2 .
FIGURE 2. Graph of the number of tourists at Merbabu Park.Source: Field data analysis results 2023

FIGURE 3 .
FIGURE 3. Graph of revenue acquisition by Merbabu Park tourism operators.Source: Field data analysis results 2023

9 3. 3 . 4 . 4
u a r y F e b r u a r y M a r c h A p r i l IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1248/1/012009Formation of facilities and infrastructure.Another contribution made by Merbabu Park tourism

Table 1 .
Analysis of Domain 1: The Implementation of Sustainable Development in Kopeng Tourism Village through Sustainable Tourism "Merbabu Park"

Table 2 .
Analysis of Domain 2: The Impact of Nature Tourism on Sustainable Development in Kopeng Tourism Village.

Table 3 .
Role of natural tourism management in the implementation of SDGs.