Comparative analysis of waste management system in Meranti Forest Natural Tourism, Balikpapan City, Indonesia

The use of the Meranti Protection Forest area which is developed into a new natural tourism will cause an increase in the number of visitors which can have a negative impact on the environment. And in developing an area into a new tourism, but not having complete infrastructure will further aggravate the condition of the tourist environment in the future. Therefore, it is very important for a new natural tourism area to plan an integrated waste management system so that waste handling in the area can be handled properly and as much as possible. This plan also reflects development towards smart and sustainable nature tourism in maintaining the environment and ecosystem around the natural tourism area. In implementing the plan, the method used is to compare data on existing conditions in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area in terms of technical and non-technical aspects obtained through primary surveys with standards or criteria for providing infrastructure in natural tourism areas. The results of this study will show problems from the results of data comparison, which will then be solved based on the level of Urgency, Seriousness, Growth of the problem. The results of this study will be a reference in planning the provision of an integrated waste management system that is in accordance with current and future needs in maintaining the environment in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area of Balikpapan City.


Introduction
Meranti Forest Natural Tourism is a natural tourism area that utilizes protected forest conservation areas in accordance with the spatial realization plan for the City of Balikpapan as stipulated in the 2012 -2032 Balikpapan City Spatial Plan.The Meranti Forest Natural Tourism Area was opened and inaugurated on March 12, 2022 after obtaining permission from the Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah (UPTD) Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung (KPHL) dan Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial (KUPS) to utilize protected forest area of 77 Ha, of which around 27 Ha is a land area separated into 2 islands and 50 Ha is a water area and swamps surrounding the area mainland [1].Until now, the area of protected forest that has been cleared and designated as a tourist area is around 17 hectares.with the main attraction in this area, namely the regional ecosystem which is dominated by meranti trees and their users as camping ground areas and other activities.The Meranti Forest Natural Tourism area is still in the stage of developing facilities and activities, with the development planning period divided into 3 timeframes, namely the short term of around 1-2 years, the medium term of 3-5 years, and the long term of around >5 years [2].The development of tourist areas to improve facilities and activities will attract tourists to visit these tours [3].However, if there is no concern and responsibility that is shown from the behavior of tourists when visiting the environment around tourism, such as in the case of disposing of garbage that is not in accordance with the rules.Then this waste will have a negative impact on the environment and tourism productivity.Tourism waste and its impacts have become a serious challenge throughout the world in pursuing sustainable tourism development [4].Therefore, it is necessary to have waste management in a tourist area which is basically intended to create environmental aesthetics, improve health in tourism, protect resources and support the development of other sectors [5].As well as the existence of waste management can reduce waste generated from tourist areas which are also included in the goals of sustainable development in creating smart tourism [6].Thus, the availability of waste infrastructure is needed in tourist areas so that waste management can be applied to improve the image and productivity of the area so as to be able to achieve the goal of establishing natural tourism areas in protecting the environment and preventing land conversion in the future.
The plan for procuring waste management infrastructure in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism is included in the short-term planning [2].However, until now, in its existing condition, this plan has not been properly realized.The solid waste infrastructure in this tourist area should be completed immediately together with the construction of other facilities that are increasing, so that later the waste management capability is equal to the needs in the area.This is the basis for conducting research in this tourist area related to waste management.As a result of the inadequate availability of solid waste infrastructure, an integrated waste management system is planned to fill the current void.This is done so that the procurement of infrastructure can be realized immediately and in the form of an integrated system so that the procurement that will be carried out will be more complete and can be connected to each other so that they are able to resolve solid waste within the area itself without causing problems in the outside environment around the tourist area in the form of settlements.In order for the planning of this management system to run effectively as needed, it is therefore necessary to identify waste management problems in this tourism area first.Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify waste problems using the comparative description method and sort these problems based on priority using the USG method so that they can become a reference in realizing the planning of a waste management system in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area.

Methods
The research area is located at Karang Joang urbanvillage, Balikpapan City.The following is a map of the research location.

Figure 1. Map of the Meranti Forest Natural Tourism Research Area
This research will use primary data and secondary data.Primary data in the form of existing conditions of waste management that have been applied in tourist areas obtained through direct observation and interviews with related parties including the Chairman of the Meranti Pokdarwis and the Chairman of KUPS, while secondary data in the form of criteria for the provision of waste management systems in tourist areas obtained from literature studies on related standards and guidebooks.The variables in this study are as follows.The research method used uses a comparative descriptive method by comparing the existing conditions that exist today with the guidelines / standards that apply to tourist areas.The purpose of this analysis is to obtain conformity between conditions and criteria that should be applied, this is done to make accurate and realistic results.The result of this analysis is the discovery of problems if there is a known discrepancy between existing conditions and standards/criteria.The standards and guidelines used in this method are shown in the following table.

Type of waste collected
The grouping of types of waste is adjusted according to: a. condition of identity and character of waste in tourist areas b. grouped according to the dominant type of waste generated c. based on the type of waste processing that will be carried out by the area manager or the surrounding conditions

Container placement location
The levels of forest waste storage are divided into: a. level-1 in the form of a garbage container directly from the source b. level-2 is in the form of a temporary collection container that functions to accommodate waste from level-1 or directly from the source c. level-3 is a central container with a large volume to accommodate waste from level-2 or level-1 containers

Garbage restriction
Limiting waste generation is carried out in the following way: a. check the luggage of visitors at the entrance to the tourist area b. limit visitors' luggage that has packaging that has the potential to produce waste that is difficult to decompose c. create a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to organize and detail luggage and limit the number of items that are allowed to be brought by visitors d. double-checking the number and types of goods brought back by visitors, to reduce the potential for waste generation in forest areas, especially climbing tourism areas.Collection Collection pattern a. Garbage collection patterns are carried out manually or mechanically, according to the topographical conditions in the field b.Areas with the most waste generation are collected first, followed by areas with the least waste generation.However, it is better to take it on the same day.

Periodization of collection
The period for collecting waste depends on the condition of the composition of the waste (1, 2 and a maximum of 3 days) with the following considerations: a. the percentage of waste that is easily decomposed, it is necessary to collect garbage every day, so that it does not smell.b. for waste that can be reused, the collection period is adjusted to environmental conditions, and can also be done once every 3 days or more c.for waste containing B3 materials and other waste, the handling can be adjusted according to the applicable regulations.

Collector tool
a. collection equipment can be manual/mechanical in accordance with the surrounding conditions to make it easier for personnel to collect and transport.b. the collection tool has a capacity that is adjusted to the shape and container available.

Collection path
Garbage collection paths pay attention to the following things such as: a. geographic conditions b. if possible, the route ends near a main road.c.In hilly areas, the route taken starts from the highest area and then descends d. the route can be adjusted so that the last container to be transported is closest to the TPS Transportation Transporter The selection of the type of equipment considers several things such as: a. using a transport fleet with a large or maximum capacity b. using a fuel-efficient transport fleet c. make the most of transport time by increasing the amount of load and rotation of transport d. avoid rush hours or during heavy traffic jams e. the capacity of transportation facilities is adjusted to the conditions of the regional roads traversed f. the condition of the means of transportation is not leaking, easy to clean, fast loading and emptying.

Treatment and disposal Type and composition of waste
Waste management that can be applied include: a. management of organic waste using composting techniques (simple composter, open windrow method, BSF larvae, etc.), biogas from solid food waste, and simple burial technology b. management of inorganic waste by implementing reuse and recycling of waste that has economic value, waste banks, handicrafts, and becomes fuel c. residual waste can be disposed of directly to the TPS for disposal to the TPA.Financing under this article includes: a. the government and regional governments are obliged to finance the implementation of waste management.b.This financing is sourced from the state revenue and expenditure budget as well as the regional revenue and expenditure budget.c. further provisions regarding financing as stipulated by government regulations and/or regional regulations.

Community participation Education Assistance to the community Awareness Contribution
Article 35 The role of the community based on this article includes: a. the community participates in the process of decision making, implementation and supervision in household waste and household-like waste management activities organized by the Government and/or regional governments.b. community participation can be in the form of: • providing suggestions, considerations, and/or suggestions to the Government and/or regional governments in waste management activities • providing advice and opinions in the formulation of policies and strategies for managing household waste and household-like waste • implementation of activities for handling household waste and household-like waste carried out independently and/or in partnership with district/city governments • provision of education and training, campaigns, and assistance by community groups to community members in waste management to change the behavior of community members.
With these results, the next step will be completed by using the USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) method with a weight scale of 1 -5.Urgency is related to the urgency of the time needed to solve the problem, while seriousness relating to the impact of delayed resolution of the problem, and growth related to the development of a problem can develop with the possibility that the problem will get worse if not addressed immediately [11].This ultrasound method is performed in order to facilitate problem solving which later must be carried out to form a good waste management system in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area.Thus, the results of this research can be the first step in planning a waste management system in a tourist area that is in accordance with the needs and conditions that should be in a tourist area, and by doing this it is hoped that future planning can run effectively and efficiently.The following is a table showing the indicators for evaluating the USG method.There are no problematic variables

There are no problematic variables
There are no problematic variables

Results and discussion
In realizing the waste management system in this nature tourism area, it will be reviewed based on physical aspects and non-physical aspects, each of which will be divided into 4 indicators.

Physical aspect
As for description of the existing conditions related to physical aspects of waste management in the area Nature Tourism Meranti Forest as follows.a. Garbage source.The existing conditions in this area are known that the source of waste generated in this area comes from activities carried out by visitors (camping, visiting, study tours) and also natural phenomena that occur in the Meranti tourist area.Waste originating from these sources is only sorted by the administrators to be distinguished in the processing process, where bottled waste is collected and the rest of the waste is burned.Meanwhile, based on the standard, sorting from this waste source should be done in two ways, namely basic and advanced levels [7].Thus, in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area, it can be seen that sorting and container have not been carried out according to the standard, where the management applied can still cause other problems in the form of new waste generation due to collection of bottles that are not further processed and burning which can endanger conditions.surrounding environment.b.Type of waste collected.In the existing conditions in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area, waste is grouped based on the type of waste that is most dominantly produced, namely inorganic waste from visitors and organic waste from surrounding environmental phenomena.This grouping is in accordance with the standard, which is grouped according to the type of waste that is most dominant produced [7].However, in this tourist area there has not been found a storage container that is separated based on the type of waste.Even though the type of waste that is stored is appropriate, the container process that has not been carried out in accordance with these conditions is indicated as a problem because it hinders the further management process because the waste produced is still mixed.c.Container placement location.Based on the standards, the criteria for placing waste in natural tourism areas are divided into 3 levels [7].Based on the existing conditions, in this area the storage container is included in level-1, which is located around sources of waste such as near lamins, gazebos, toilets, and so on.The capacity of this trash can is around 283 liters.However, the provision of trash containers is not 100% available in the area.Thus, the placement of trash receptacles in this area has been carried out but has not yet spread to all waste source locations which will result in less than optimal waste handling carried out, which can cause problems with the appearance of acts of throwing garbage indiscriminately which can pollute the environment around the area.d.Garbage restriction.On condition that in the Meranti Tourism area there has not been found any waste restrictions carried out either by administrators or visitors.Whereas in a tourist area it is necessary to limit waste to reduce regional waste generation which can be done according to applicable standards [7].Based on this, it can be seen that this is a problem because this waste limitation is very necessary to reduce the amount of waste generated inside the area due to the luggage of visitors.

Collection
. This indicator will be discussed based on each variable, namely as follows: a. Collection pattern.Standard collection patterns in a tourist area can be done manually or mechanically according to the topography of the area [7].Meanwhile, based on the existing conditions in the area, the collection pattern is done manually by the community by carrying out routine mutual cooperation every week.This collection pattern can also be carried out at any time according to whether or not there are activities carried out in the area.Thus, the collection pattern applied to the area complies with applicable standards.This can be maintained to continue to be applied in waste management in the area of tourism by also considering an increase in waste collection patterns that are more in line with future conditions and needs.b.Garbage collection periodization.Based on the standard periodization of waste collection or collection, it can be done based on the conditions of the waste composition, but it is better to do it 1, 2, and a maximum of 3 days [7].In existing conditions, this collection periodization is carried out about 2-3 days once a week, but can be done at any time if there is a spike in visitors in the area.Based on this, it can be seen that the applied periodization inside the area is in accordance with existing considerations, where the dominant organic waste found comes from environmental activities which if not collected immediately will not cause odor and the dominant inorganic waste comes from visitors.Meanwhile, B3 waste has never been found in the area.c.Collection tool.The criteria for collecting tools can be manual/mechanical according to the surrounding conditions to make it easier to collect and the collection tools have a capacity that is adjusted to the shapes and containers available [7].In its existing condition, the collection tool used from the waste source to the storage container in the tourist area is in the form of 2 wheelbarrows.The wheelbarrow is in accordance with the applicable standards because this cart is in accordance with the conditions of the area which just has a road width of about 1.5 m with some parts without pavement.The capacity that is not too large also facilitates accessibility in the collection carried out inside the area.It can be continuously defended to apply inside tourist areas, but it is necessary to increase the number of tools or change tools that are adapted to the needs and conditions in the future.d.Collection path.Standard collection routes in tourist areas must pay attention to geographical conditions and routes of collection [7].While in its existing condition, the garbage collection path in this tourist area starts from an underdeveloped area near the reservoir, which does not yet have pavement, heads forward to the security post which already has pavement and is near the area's entrance.Thus, the collection path that has been implemented is in accordance with the standards and can be maintained by more or less updating in the future which is adjusted to the type of activity and geographical conditions in the area.

Freight.
The standards/criteria in selecting this type of transportation equipment need to take into account the conditions and benefits of the equipment [7].Based on the existing conditions, the type of equipment used in the area is a three-wheeled garbage truck with a capacity of around 800 kg.This three-wheeled motorbike shows its suitability with the surrounding environmental conditions which only have a 1.5 meter wide road with roads that are still dirt.This motorbike also has an open tub so it is easy to clean and in the process of transporting and unloading garbage.The motor is more energy efficient compared to other transport fleets.Therefore, the transportation that has been implemented in the area is in accordance with environmental standards and conditions so it is good to be maintained with some additional innovations for the future.

Processing and disposal.
In the Meranti Tourism area, based on the existing conditions, waste management has not been carried out based on the type and composition of waste according to the available standards.Where organic waste processing can be done using simple composting or burial techniques, inorganic waste processing can apply 3R, waste banks, and so on, and other residual waste can be disposed of directly to TPS for disposal to TPA [7].Until now, in waste processing in the area dominant organic waste will be burned immediately and inorganic waste will be disposed of directly to the communal TPS.However, there has been a plan to build a compost house which is still under construction.Thus, the processing and disposal in the Meranti tourist area is not in accordance with applicable standards.This is indicated because the facilities and infrastructure are not yet available to support this.Handling that is done at this time can cause problems if it continues to be done.Even though the construction of a compost house has been carried out, it still needs further attention so that it is really well realized.

Non-physical aspect
3.2.1.Institutional.The variables in this institutional indicator are the division of tasks and responsibilities, where according to the standard institutional studies can consist of human resources, the structure and main tasks of the organizers, as well as institutional alternatives for public and private cooperation [8].In its existing condition, in the Meranti Tourism area there are two groups that are responsible for tourism development, namely Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) and are responsible for this tourist spot being held, namely in the forest area both supervising the development of planning and managing the area, namely Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial (KUPS).Pokdarwis is responsible for providing facilities and infrastructure including those related to waste and KUPS is responsible for managing and supervising infrastructure according to needs without damaging the surrounding environment.Thus, in the Meranti tourist area, there are institutions that work together to advance this tourist area.This can be maintained with the possibility of forming a new institution specifically to handle waste management in this tourist area in the future.As in several tourist areas that have waste care groups that are responsible for the process of handling waste in these tourist areas [12].

Laws and regulations
. This indicator will relate to statutory regulations, where studies related to law have standards such as statutory provisions, policies, and also the necessary permits [8].Based on the existing conditions, in the areaMeranti Forest Natural Tourism There are no regulations that specifically regulate waste management, both formal and non-formal.Thus, this indicator shows noncompliance with applicable standards.The absence of this regulation can hamper plans for a waste management system because there are no clear and specific rules, thus allowing the instability of the waste management system which can cause other new problems.With the existence of special regulations governing waste, it is hoped that they can become a reference in waste management in the regions, and this regulation can emphasize the manager in overcoming problems related to waste [13].
3.2.3.Financing.Based on these standards, the government and regional governments are obliged to finance the implementation of waste management, and the financing comes from the APBN and APBD.However, in the existing conditions, there is no source of funds provided by the government that is specifically allocated to address the needs of waste management in the areaMeranti Forest Natural Tourism This.Sources of funds used for waste management purposes only come from self-help communities.However, management also builds cooperation with other agencies or groups to obtain CSR or KKN funding assistance.However, with the discrepancy between the existing conditions and existing standards, this indicates that there are problems that can hinder the need for developing waste management in tourist areas.The manager still has the right to apply for financing to the government, but also needs to maintain the cooperation that has been built to obtain financial assistance to increase regional needs in order to achieve the desired goals.And managers can implement tariff cancellation costs to enter the area and the levy requested from traders or sellers who want to sell around the area [14].

Community participation.
Variables in this indicator include education, community assistance, awareness and contribution.The four variables are interrelated, where standards in community participation can be carried out by providing reports on proposals, considerations and/or suggestions to local governments, providing suggestions and opinions in the formulation of policies and strategies, providing education and training, campaigns and mentoring.to the community in handling waste to change the behavior of community members [9].In the existing conditions, the participation of outsiders in the areaMeranti Forest Natural Tourism is shown by the existence of community assistance activities through KKN activities to make houses, compost making training, and briquette making.The participation of the community around the area is shown by the high contribution and awareness to participate in these activities which can increase the knowledge and insight of the community to manage waste into goods that are more useful and have economic value.Based on this, there is conformity between the standards and the conditions in this indicator.This is very good to continue to be maintained, and it is still very necessary to continue to be improved by all levels of society in the future.Because with high public awareness it will increase contribution so that it can solve existing problems [15].Based on the comparisons that have been made to determine conformity between the applicable standards and their existing conditions in the Meranti Forest Natural Tourism area, the indicators identified as a problem because they show incompatibility with the comparisons made are the technical aspects of the sorting and container indicators as well as the processing and disposal indicators.Meanwhile for the non-technical aspects identified as problems are the legal and regulatory indicators as well as financing indicators.The next step that must be done is to do a scoring with the USG method to find out the priority in handling existing problems.Based on the assessment that has been carried out using the USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) method, it can be seen that the problems with the indicators contained in the physical aspect must be resolved first because the sorting and container indicators have the highest score, followed by the processing and disposal indicators.Then after that problems on non-technical aspects can be resolved starting from financing indicators then legal and regulatory indicators.By knowing the priority of handling the problem, it is hoped that it can be a reference in planning directions that are appropriate to that level.So that problem solving can be done in a more structured manner so that planning can be planned as effectively and efficiently as possible.

Conclusions
Based on the results of the comparison that has been carried out by comparing the existing conditions in the Meranti tourist area with the applicable standards/criteria for waste management, the indicators identified as a problem are obtained because they show incompatibility, namely the sorting and container indicators, as well as processing and disposal indicators on the physical aspect, and legal and environmental indicators.financing rules and indicators.Furthermore, in solving the problems that have been identified, the problems that have the highest to the lowest priority level are indicators of sorting and container, processing and disposal, financing, as well as laws and regulations.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Existing Conditions on Physical Aspects 3.1.1.Sorting and storage.This indicator will be discussed based on each variable, namely as follows:a.Garbage source.The existing conditions in this area are known that the source of waste generated in this area comes from activities carried out by visitors (camping, visiting, study tours) and also natural phenomena that occur in the Meranti tourist area.Waste originating from these sources is only sorted by the administrators to be distinguished in the processing process, where bottled waste is collected and the rest of the waste is burned.Meanwhile, based on the standard, sorting from this waste source should be done in two ways, namely basic and advanced levels[7].Thus, in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area, it can be seen that sorting and container have not been carried out according to the standard, where the management applied can still cause other problems in the form of new waste generation due to collection of bottles that are not further processed and burning which can endanger conditions.surrounding environment.b.Type of waste collected.In the existing conditions in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area, waste is grouped based on the type of waste that is most dominantly produced, namely inorganic waste from visitors and organic waste from surrounding environmental phenomena.This grouping is in accordance with the standard, which is grouped according to the type of waste that is most dominant produced[7].However, in this tourist area there has not been found a storage container that is separated based on the type of waste.Even though the type of waste that is stored is appropriate, the container process that has not been carried out in accordance with these conditions is indicated as a problem because it hinders the further management process because the waste produced is still mixed.c.Container placement location.Based on the standards, the criteria for placing waste in natural tourism areas are divided into 3 levels[7].Based on the existing conditions, in this area the

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Documentation of the coordination meeting delivered by the head of Pokdarwis and KUPS to direct the community around Meranti Forest Natural Tourism.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Documentation of Community Service activities carried out by ITK in Meranti Forest Natural Tourism

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Documentation of mutual cooperation activities carried out by the community in Meranti Forest Natural Tourism

Table 1 .
Research Variable

Table 2 .
Comparative Standard Literature