Planning of Waste Treatment Plant Based on Reduce Reuse Recycle in Temanggung Regency

There are waste collections in Temanggung Regency, located at specific points on the streets and are used by the community. But the system still needs to be structured, and there is no systematic planning yet, so it has not been handled effectively and efficiently thoroughly in each location. However, from the research that has been done, there is no research that discusses the design appropriate processing for each type of waste management facilities. There has been no design evaluation accordance with existing conditions, only planning in aspect or directly discussing certain processing. Based on this, the Planning of a Waste Treatment Plant in Temanggung Regency was carried out and the objective of this research is designing a Waste Treatment Plant Based on Reduce Reuse Recycle. It has result from waste generation and composition data, the required area for WTP 3R is 177.4 m2 of the 200 m2. This plant consists of waste treatment for organic and inorganic.


Introduction
Temanggung Regency is located in Central Java Province.In 2022, the population reached 807,440 people, with a yearly population growth of 0,59 [1].Because of this, Temanggung has relatively high consumption levels.Population growth leads to increased waste production in the community because waste generation increases along with economic and population growth.This increase will have a negative impact if there is no proper handling.According to Damanhuri and Padmi, the negative impacts caused by improper waste handling include water pollution, disease vectors, odours and dust, aesthetics, and flooding [2].Therefore, it can have an impact on the environment and the health of the community.Waste management is one of the most complex tasks faced by municipalities.Municipal solid waste management is a multidisciplinary activity that includes generating, storing, collecting, and disposing of waste [3].Waste collection and transportation account for the largest portion of the total system cost at 50-70% [4].Many researchers have conducted research on waste treatment, in New York a materials recovery facility (MRF) is a place where solid wastes are delivered to be separated, processed and stored for later use as raw materials for remanufacturing and reprocessing [8].Then, in United Nations was aimed at reducing the risks to public health, and later the environmental aspect also became an important focus of SWM.This article discusses the concept of solid waste management [7].However, from the research that has been done before, there is no research that discusses the design appropriate processing for each type of waste management facilities.In this case, it talks about Temanggung regency.There has been no design evaluation accordance with existing conditions, only planning in aspect or directly discussing certain processing.Temanggung Regency is one of the regions in Central Java that is intensifying improvements in waste management and collection so that it can be handled effectively and efficiently.Waste collections in Temanggung District are located at specific points on the streets and are used by the community, but the system still needs to be structured, and there is no systematic planning yet.Therefore, innovation and real action are required from the government to deal with illegal waste disposal that is increasingly rampant, especially in urban areas.One of the waste collections that can be used is WTP 3R.Based on this, the Planning of a Waste Treatment Plant in Temanggung Regency was carried out and the objective of this research is designing a Waste Treatment Plant Based on Reduce Reuse Recycle

Methodology
The difference between Temporary Storage Sites and Waste Management Sites with 3R Principles based on Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 03 of 2013 concerning about Implementation of Waste Infrastructure and Facilities in Handling Household Waste and Waste Similar to Household Waste is the existence of a place to carry out collection, sorting, reuse, and recycling activities on an area scale.The main concept of waste processing at WTP 3R is to reduce the quantity and improve the characteristics of waste, which will further be processed at the Final Processing Site.In the urban system, WTP 3R is an infrastructure for waste handling.In principle, the implementation of WTP 3R is directed at the concept of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, where waste reduction efforts are carried out from the source on a communal or regional scale to reduce the waste load that must be processed directly in the landfill, to reduce the burden on landfill.According to the circular letter of the Director General of Cipta Karya Number 30 of 2020 concerning Technical Guidelines for the Implementation of Labor-Intensive Activities of the Directorate General of Human Settlements, the main things related to the implementation of WTP 3R [5] are tackle waste-prone areas following the City Sanitation Strategy (SSK).It must be able to serve a minimum of 200 households or 1000-1600 people, which is equivalent to 36 m 3 per day with a minimum area of 200 m 2 land required.The incoming waste has been segregated from the source to optimize the performance of WTP 3R and carried out using manual carts or motorized carts.The waste that has reached are processed by sorting (physical), processing organic waste (biological), collection of recyclable inorganic waste, compaction and shredding (physical process).Last, hazardous and toxic waste is collected and managed based on applicable regulations.

Figure 1. Waste Management Process Based on the 3R Principles
This is a waste processing system from the source to the final processing site.Waste from the start is expected to be sorted by the community into at least 3 different types of waste containers, including organic waste (which is waste that is easily decomposed), recycled waste (which is a category of inorganic waste that is difficult to decompose), residual inorganic waste (cannot be recycled), and hazardous and toxic materials waste.Waste collection officers will collect the segregated waste in separate containers.Organic waste will be processed into compost (fertilizer) or other products.Inorganic waste is collected and sold to stalls or manufacturers to become new items.The remaining waste from processing in WTP 3R (residue) will be taken to the landfill.

Waste generation and composition in Temanggung Regency
In general, waste is divided into two types which organic waste and inorganic waste.This waste composition facilitates the community and makes it easier to manage the waste.The inorganic waste will be recycled, and organic waste will be composted as an alternative in waste management planning.Waste composition in Temanggung consists of food waste, wood/branch, plastic, paper-cardboard, metal, cloth, rubber-leather, glass, and others.This composition is obtained from existing waste generation.According to Tchobanoglous concerning Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principle and Management Issue, the characteristics of waste that have a recovery factor value are paper, plastic, metal, and glass [6].Besides that, organic waste can be composted as an application of the 3R principle.
In 2021, the waste that can be reduced, reused, and recycled was 83.71%, equivalent to 152,823.45 tons/year.

Designing of Waste Treatment Plant Based 3R
The design of the WTP 3R was carried out to improve the waste management in Temanggung.The design need area around 200  2 , because the design area is 177.4  2 .The WTP 3R building in Temanggung is made in a typical design by considering the planning of the number of WTP 3R services made equal, which is to serving 3000 households.The room is divided into two, which is the organic and inorganic waste management room.The first main space at organic processing is the receiving room, which is 2.16  2 area with 2.09 m length and 1.03 m width.The receiving room is placed next to the conveyor and is useful for unloading organic waste before processing.This room must be able to accommodate the amount of organic waste generation.However, before being composted, large-sized organic waste is chopped using the chopping machine to speed up the composting process.This machine is put on 5.83  2 area.The dimensions of shredding room around 2.09 m length, and 2.79 m width.The composting method used is the open bin method with Effective Microorganisms (EM4) as a starter in the composting process.This method was chosen due to consideration of equipment needs and operational costs which tend to be cheaper and easier to obtain.It has 16 bins with 1  2 per bin and 4.8  2 moving area.After the composting process is completed, it sieved first in order to obtain the same particle size and packed.Packaged compost is then stored storage.This place is 18.5  2 , with 6.5  2 sieving room and 12  2 packaging room.Inorganic waste is first waste that come in the receiving room, this is an area used to unload waste, which has an area of 9.4  2 with length and width around 3 m.Waste that has been received is then sorted in 2.46  2 area.Inorganic waste is sorted according to its specific type such as paper, plastic, glass, metal, etc. Waste that has been sorted in the previous unit then washed in the 5.6  2 washing room.This waste washing aims to prevent plastic waste from being mixed with other materials so that it does not interfere with the grinding process.After washing, the plastic waste is then dried with the aim of removing the water from the washing.This drying room measures around 12.31  2 .Then in the milling room, there is a process of grinding plastic waste that has been dried into plastic seeds (pellets).This area is 4.78  2 with 1.91 m length and 2.5 m width.Next is the sorting between those that have selling value and those that are not.And for waste that has a selling value is stored first in this room.The storage is 8.8  2 and 5.1  2 sorting room next to it.WTP 3R also has supporting facilities such as warehouse, office, bathroom, parking lot, and space for residue.This warehouse is used as a storage place for compost and inorganic waste that is worth selling.So, the warehouse area is the sum of the capacity of plastic seeds, the number of compost products and the capacity of sellable waste which is around 12  2 .The following table shows the detailed dimensions of the facilities and their land area requirements.In addition, the design of WTP 3R in Temanggung is presented in Figures 2 and 3.

Conclusion
The highest composition of waste is food waste 32.90 % and the second is wood/branch 18.85 %, these all from organic waste.For the lowest composition is Rubber-Leather.The design of the WTP 3R was carried out to improve the waste management in Temanggung.The design need area around 200 m 2 .Waste management area consist of rooms for each processing.The organic waste management room consists of a receiving room 2.16 m 2 , shredding room 5,83 m 2 , composting room with 16 m 2 of bins and 4.8 m 2 moving area, sieving 6.5 m 2 and 12 m 2 packaging room.While, the inorganic waste management room in this typical WTP 3R consists of an inorganic waste receiving room 9,4 m 2 , sorting area 2.46 m 2 , plastic waste washing room 5.6 m 2 , plastic waste drying room 12.31 m 2 , plastic waste grinding room 4.78 m 2 , and a storage 8.8 m 2 .WTP 3R also has supporting facilities such as storage building 12,055 m 2 , office 8 m 2 , bathroom 14 m 2 , parking lot 20 m 2 , and space for residue 12 m 2 .

Table 1 .
Waste Composition in Temanggung Regency

Table 2 .
Total Land Requirement of a Typical WTP 3R in Temanggung Regency Figure 2. Floor Plan of WTP 3R Figure 3. Front View of WTP 3R