Growth and yield of seed priming using golden snail fertilizer liquid organic with on the katokkon chili variant

The purpose of this study was to increase the germination and growth of chili plants by using the seed priming technique with golden snail liquid organic fertilizer. The survey was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022 in Buntudatu Village, Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province, at an altitude of 900 m a.s.l. This research was carried out in the form a split-plot design. Experiment using a randomized block design (RBD).This experiment consists of two factors. The first was a 3-step cultivar, and the second was a subplot, concentration (T) of liquid organic fertilizer solution, which consisted of 3 steps and was repeated 3 times for each treatment, so we had 27 experimental units. The results showed that the treatment with the Katokkon pepper variety had an effect on the remaining fruit weight (89.97 g). The best results were obtained in the treatment with the Leatung 2 (V3) variant and the administration of golden snail liquid organic fertilizer at a concentration of 20 ml/L of water.


Introduction
Chili pepper is a very useful plant material with high economic value, which has become a daily commodity for Indonesians both at home and in industry.One of the main reasons for the low chili production in the country is that most farmers still use local varieties and chili seeds that have been grown for generations.As a result, the seed quality is no longer pure.Furthermore [1] ithas been shown that the quality and quantity of the product produced is strongly influenced by theuse of high-quality seeds.Produced by certified seed breeders.The varieties of Katokkon pepper that farmers in Toraja district usually grow are Limbong Sampolo, Leatung I and Leatung II [2].One way to increase seed viability and vigor is to use seed priming techniques.Seed primingtechniques can be used to promote germination, accelerated growth, uniform seedling growth, improved seed vigor, improved terminal tolerance, accelerated flowering, earlier harvest, and increased yield [3]. Gold snails are commonly considered pests of rice.According to Budiono [4] golden snails can damage up to 10-40% of the total area under rice cultivation.Golden slugs are a farmer's enemy, but with proper management, they can change their function to something more useful.Gold snails are widely used in agriculture because they contain large amounts of chitin and act as beneficial microorganisms [5].Based on the results of the study [6], after identification, the Golden snails contains were found to harbor organisms of the genus Staphylococcus.and A. Niger.Based on these aspects, this study demonstrates the interaction between katokkon chili varieties and the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer, which may help farmers to produce high quality chili seeds and achieve maximum results.

Location and Research Design
The survey was conducted in Buntu Datu Village, Menkendek District, Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi (3°15'21.3"S, 119°53'12.3"E), at an altitude of 900 m, from August 2021 to February2022.The tools used in this study include dishes or petri dishes.ingredients: meat; machetes; a digital camera; and stationery.Materials used: 5 kg of live or fresh golden snails; 2.5 kg of brown sugar; 2 liters of coconut water; 2 ounces of shrimp paste; 2 kg of titonia; 20 liters of water; katokkon chili seeds; small plastic bags; organic mulch.The study was conducted in the form of a split-plot experimental design using a randomized block design (RBD) as an environmental design.The experiment consists of two factors, the first of which is the dominant factor.katokkon (V) seed variety (V) consists of v1 = Limbong Sampolo, v2 = Leatung 1, and v3 = Leatung 2. Meanwhile, the second element as a subplot is the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer in the golden snail seed priming solution (K), which consists of three levels.namely, k1 = 20 ml and k2 = 15 ml; k0 = comparison as a control, which is continued in the field.The research design was repeated threetimes for each treatment, so that 27 experimental units were obtained.Each experimental unit has five samples.

Research Implementation
In the last experiment, I made a liquid organic fertilizer for golden snails.After the liquid organic fertilizer was ready for use, a seed preparation process was carried out in which the seeds of the katokkon pepper were grouped by location and fruit shape (katokkon Limbong Sampolo, Leatung1, Leatung 2) and treated.Seed preparation for 6 hours with an aerator (previous study).Seed primer concentrations tested were:distilled water or mineral water (control); golden snail liquid organic fertilizer with concentrations of 5ml/L, 10ml/L, 15ml/L, 20ml/L.The seeds were then discharged onto filter paper and weighed (dry weight).When the seeds return to their original weight, they are ready for germination.After germination.Germinated seeds are sown.After the germination period, the land is prepared, developed, cultivated and harvested.

Observation Parameters
The parameters observed in this study were germination rate (%), plant height (cm) and weight of the harvested fruit remains (g).Observed data were analyzed using Variety Print Analysis.If there is a treatment effect in the analysis of variance, a further test is performed to distinguish means between treatments using the least significant difference (LSD) test at the 95% confidencelevel.Results and discussion

Germination (%)
Figure 1 shows the percentage of germination in the treatment of various concentrations of a liquid organic fertilizer auger for growing and harvesting multiple katokkon chili varieties.The figure shows that the Limbong Sampolo (V1) variant has the highest germination rate in the control treatment, 98%, and the lowest in the 20 ml concentration, 88%.Variant Leatung 1 (V2) had the highest germination rate in the 5 ml and 10 ml treatments, 88.75%, and the lowest germination rate in the control treatment, 68%.For the variety Leatung 2 (V3), the highest germination rate, i.e. 29%, was detected at a concentration of 20 ml, and the lowest germination rate, i.e. 6%, was detected at a concentration of 5 ml.One way to increase seed viability and vigor is to use seed priming techniques.Seed priming techniques can be used to accelerate germination growth and provide better, more even seedling growth, stronger seeds, and better terminal resistance.Priming by incorporating a biological agent into a therapeutic solution is called biopriming [7].Biopriming can be used both as a biofertilizer and as an antagonist seed treatment for best results.The results of germination rate of katokkon chili plants by golden snail liquid organic fertilizer treatment showed that the best katokkon limbong sampolo chili cultivar was found in 15ml treatment (98%) and Leatung 1 was the best in 10 ml treatment (88.75%).showed that Leatung 2 was the best at 20 ml (29%).This results in a higher germination rate, and biopriming technology helps reduce germination time.This opinion is supported by [8].Seed preparation is a pre-germination treatment that can improve seed germination performance in unsupported or stressed environments.Dispersion results showed that the treatment of the katokkon pepper variety had a significant effect on plant height and residue weight.

Plant height (cm)
The plant height plots shown in Figure 2 show that at each observation age, i.e., 14 DAP to 42 DAP, plant height increased upon treatment with multiple concentrations of the katokkon chili variant and the Golden Snail Seed Priming POC.increase.The highest average plant heights weretreated with katokkon type V3 (Leatung 2) pepper and K1 dipping concentration (20 ml), and the average plant heights of 14 DAP-48 DAP were 8.10 cm, 13.94 cm and 26.2 cm.In the plant height parameters of katokkon pepper, the highest average plant height at the treatment and soaking concentrations of katokkon pepper type V3 (Leatung 2) was K1 (20 ml), and the average plant height of 14, 28, and 42 DAP were 8.10 cm, 13.94 cm, and 26.2 cm, respectively.The growth rate was highest at 20 ml liquid organic fertilizer concentration.Prasetyo [9] stated that golden snail meat and shell contained protein, fat, carbohydrates, Na, K, riboflavin, niacin, Mn, C, Cu, Zn, and Ca.Golden snails contain a variety of different species with a composition of 2.8% histidine, 18.9% arginine, 9.2% isoleucine, 10% leucine, 17.5% lysine, 2% methonine,7.6%phenylalamine, 8.8% threonine, and 1.2% tryptophan.Contains amino acids.8.7% valine.These amino acid tryptophan compounds are precursor compounds that form ZPT indoleacetic acid (IAA) and thus can be used as growth regulators [10].Furthermore Andriani [11] stated that the application of liquid organic golden snail fertilizer had a significant effect on plant growth and chlorophyll levels, and the application of golden snail fertilizer resulted in optimal growth and yield.This indicates that golden snails can be used as the main raw material for liquid organic fertilizers.

The weight of the harvested fruit remains
Table 1 shows that there was no interaction between the katokkon chili variety and the soaking concentration of Golden Snail Liquid Organic Fertilizer, whereas at ages 87-107 DAP, the variety treatment was harvested with katokkon chili pepper.It has a significant effect on fruit weight.The best residue weight was found with the pepper cultivar Katokkon Leatung 2 (v3).This was due to environmental influences and the use of fertilizers.This deposit was supported by Wibowo et.al.[12], who noted that the growth responses of different hot pepper genotypes to environmental conditions and fertilization are influenced by genetic traits inherited from each genotypic parent.The five red pepper hybrids tested had different genetic traits, which is reflectedin growth characteristics and variable returns.sutjahjo et al. [13] We also found that plant traits responded continuously to the environment and differed by genotype, Setiawan et al. [14] and fruit weight per plot or fruit weight per hectare was associated with red pepper productivity.I discovered that Peppers are measured per unit area produced.
Fruit weight is a direct and indirect consequence of several continually occurring physiological and agronomic traits [15].The yield of hybrid peppers is affected by location, genotype, season, and the interaction between genotype and location [16].However, the hybrid yield in this study was low.This is probably due to the high incidence of disease.

Conclusion
The results of the study show that seed preparation with liquid organic snail fertilizer and golden snail helped shorten the germination time, and treatment of the katokkon chili variety affected plant height and residual fruit weight.

Acknowledgemnt
The authors would like to thank the research team at Hasanuddin University Makassar and all those who assisted in conducting the study, the parents for their cooperation, the Kondoran Toraja Motivator Institute.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Observation of the average height of katokkon chili plants at the age of 14-48 days after planting.

Table 1 .
Weight of Harvested Fruit Left on katokkon Pepper 107 DAP