The adaptation top crosses of anthocyanins corn in lowland zone of Palu Indonesia

Anthocyanins corn held to increase of human health, the color of seeds was orange to black. The experiment was to studied characters of some families as top crosses anthocyanins corn under interaction genotypes (G), and season (S) in valley of Palu in Indonesia. The experiment was conducted by randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental farm of Sidondo under two season rainy and dry condition. There are ten top crosses populations as anthocyanins corn as candidate included check to evaluated on 2017. The objective of experiment was to study of characters and to find of which is genotypes was stable and high yield to promoting as candidate for F1 top crosses varieties. Interaction data between genotype (G) and season (S) were analyzed manually. The result show that there are significant interaction GxS and founded the genotypes would be promising as new F1 candidate was PMU(S1) Synt. F. C1-2-3xtester: PPH(S1) C2. The potential would be founded 6.0 - 7.0 t/ha, characters of candidate was scored one of plant aspect, position of ear height is middle of plant height, and there are 45 days for anthesis. The released top crosses of anthocyanin corn would be develop under poor farmers for aims to increase income, health and anticipated of mall nutrition.


Introduction
Anthocyanin corn is a special corn that has a higher nutrient content than ordinary corn.The origin of this corn comes from Latin America, this corn has red, purple and blue pigments.The highest total anthocyanin content is found in purple corn compared to red and blue corn [1].The purple color of corn kernels indicates high anthocyanin content.High anthocyanin levels can prevent several types of diseases, including cholesterol, obesity and cancer [2].This corn is easy to find in the corn development I Ketut Suwitra 1 , Andi Nirma Wahyuni 1 , Heni SP Rahayu 2 , Syafruddin 3 , Anugerah Fitri Amalia 4 , Bambang Haryanto 1 and Yasin HG 5   Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia.Widya Graha Building 4th floor, Jl.Gatot Subroto No.10, South Jakarta, Indonesia, 12170 1230 (2023) 012127 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012127 2 centers in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi and North Sulawesi.This corn has a unique flavor when harvested young, sticky and sweet, and is known to the public as Pulut purple corn Pulut Purple Corn is a special corn as a functional food.It has purple seeds, is sticky when cooked because it is high in amylopectin or low in amylose [3], flavanol anthocyanin thick pigments can occur naturally in corn [4] and the thick form of Anticyanin is very stable [5].Purple corn benefits are as an antioxidant and natural food coloring [6], rich in anthocyanins as the most abundant class of phenols [7], which serve to prevent disease [8] food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries [9] and can prevent obesity [10].In addition to purple seeds followed by purple corn cobs [11] this is an opportunity to use the purple corn cobs as animal feed.
Functional foods are currently evolving along with increasing demand for functional foods and public health awareness [12].Corn as a food ingredient is increasingly demanded by consumers due to its diverse nutrient content.With the increasing knowledge and awareness of the community regarding the importance of health, this tends to lead to a shift in the eating philosophy of the Indonesian people.Corn is a promising functional food solution.
The Agricultural Research and Development Agency has released several other functional corn varieties since the 2000s such as QPM hybrid yellow seed corn (Bima 12Q), Bima 13Q, Bima Profit A1, Profit A2, Bima Putih 1 and Bima Putih 2. Hybrid maize Bima 13Q resulted from a cross between the CML.161 line and the CML 165 line.Both lines originate from the Mexican CIMMYT [3].It is of pearl seed type and harvest age is classified as early 99-98 days after planting.Purple Pulut corn is a collection of Maros Cereal Crop Research Institute.Some of these lines are suspected to have high growth and production yields, including Manado Purple Pulut (PMU) and Black Palu Pulut (PPH), which have been crossed with multiple lines from CIMYT Mexico.The research in the tropical lowlands of Palu was conducted in two different seasons, namely the dry season and the wet season, to obtain the best genotype from several promising lineages tested.Therefore, this study aims to determine the agronomic character and yield components of several lines contrasted as control/control of the Bima 13Q cultivar

Material and methods
The two sets experiment were conducted under two season 2017 (dry and rainy) in lowland tropical zone in Palu-Valley in central Sulawesi.The location experiment is in experimental farm of Sidondo BPTP Centre Sulawesi under lowland tropical zone <50 m above the sea and annual rainy <500 mm per year.The genotypes/treatments (G) were 10 top cross of anthocyanins which is color seed purple to black (Table 1).

Results and discussion
Variable has been observed include of statistical analysis under two season in table 1 and table 2 The result analysis was as follow:

Interaction analysis G x S
The result analysis of mean square and coefficient of variation (CV) of two factors under dry and rainy season in Table 2.The analysis showed that under two season on 2017 there are significant of single effect was founded in variable ear height and tasseling.The effect interaction of GxS were founded significant on variable of tasseling periods and weight of 1000 seeds.This analysis could be assumed that genotypes was different time to flowering, and data shown that there are sincronize of flowering and tasseling stage.The average data of all variable observed in three replication is shown in table 3   In table 3 and table 4 could be shown that the range of flowering of F1 test cross in rainy were 44-51 days on dry and 55-56 days.The range could be assume that F1 test crossed was highly sychronize for flowering ta founded maximum grain in cobs.The range of flowering (female period) and tasseling (male) was important on maize selection and define was asi (anthesis silking interval).Variable of asi shown that the range of silking and tasseling periods were recommed 2.0-4.0 days.The value of asi<3.0days was very syncronice for founded maximal number of seeds, asi >6.0 days could not be founded of grain.The conducting experiment [14] reported that generation of F1 on fungsional corn be founded asi 3-4 days and yield of QPM yellow and white were 8-9 t/ha with 15% water contend of grain.The variable of ear height in table 3 and table 4 shown that F1 test crossed t was founded around middle from plant height.This position of ear plant was suitable for selected of superior population included anthocyanins corn.The result experiment [15] [16] reported that selection of plant with ear position in middle from plant height could founded maximal yield.Variety grain white of opv Anoman 1 be founded 6-7 t/ha with ear height 90 cm and plant height 182 cm in dry environment like in Palu.

Conclusion
There are significant interaction of GxS founded on variable tasseling, and weight of 1000 seeds, grain yield was not significant.The height yield founded on F1 test cros PPH.FS.C1-8-10-3-#xT with grain yield 5.93 t/ha under rainy season and 4.85 t/ha on dry season.Variable of anthesis silking interval (ASI) on F1 test cross was highly syncronize for flowering and could be founded maximum grain in cob.Ear height shown that F1 test crossed founded around middle from plant height.This position of ear plant was suitable for selected of superior population included anthocyanins corn

Table 2 .
The mean square, sy of means and CV of SxG on anthocyanins corn.Palu 2017.
and table 4. The result analysis and LSD test founded that yield was highest in rainy by test cross F1 (PPH.FS.C1-8-10-3-#xPPH(S2)C2 yield 5.93 t/ha and there are different yield 1.08 t/ha with check Bima 13Q.In dry season was founded yield 4.85 t/ha.There are different yield 1.09 t/ha on second season of check.

Table 3 .
The yield potential and statistical test of LSD on anthocyanins corn (Rainy Season) Palu 2017.

Table 4 .
The yield potential and statistical test of LSD on anthocyanins corn (Dry Season) Palu 2017.The low yield under dry season in Palu could be assume that genotypes under stress water condition.Palu was a valley which no of rainfall <500 mm per year.In rainy the plant height, ear height, water content of seeds and weight of 1000 seeds were significant with check Bima 13Q.Weight of five cobs shown that Bima 13Q was highly than candidate F1 test crossed, variable of flowering founded 46-50 days of candidate and check 54 days.The dry shown that there are three variable were significant with check i.e. ear height, water content and weight of 1000 seeds.