Registration certificate for local variety of curly red chili Pengkol Jati from Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia

Pengkol Jati curly red chili is a local variety of chili from Grobogan Regency, Central Java that has been grown by farmers for decades. A certificate of ownership of local varieties issued by Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic Indonesia is very important to protect the variety from illegal name and to meet the requirements for the release of varieties. The primary requirement to get the certificate of ownership is morphological identification, which was conducted in February to April 2020 in Pengkol Jati village, Grobogan regency. The character observed include external appearance of tree (height, growth, head shape, crown, branching, color on the book, canopy, stem shape and color), leaves (shape, size, direction, leaf color, size and color petiole, wax layer), flower (color of flower; stem; and flower crown, stain, petals, pistil head,position and angle of flower stalk, number of flower per node, flowering schedule, time of flower to fruit,), fruit (color, size, shape, skin and flesh thickness, fruit weight, seed color, shape, and size), and general data. The morphological characteristics and general data were noted and organized in the form of a standard blank and registered to Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing to get a Certificate of Ownership of Local Varieties. Result of the experiment revealed that in 18 December 2020, a Certificate of Ownership of Local Varieties of Pengkol Jati curly red chili numbered: 1609/PVL/2020 was issued and submitted to local government of Grobogan regency.


Introduction
Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) commonly known as hot pepper, red pepper, bird pepper, cayenne, and paprika, is a member Solanaceae family and genus Capsicum [1].It is cultivated practically everywhere in the world and mostly utilized as a vegetable and spice crop.The fruits are known as berry and has acrid volatile alkaloid component that give pungent flavor [2].The fruit used is as a vegetable as well as spices to enhance the taste of food especially as ingredient flavor spicy like chilli sauce.One of the elements in food and one with a very variable price is chili.On the consuming side, the majority of Indonesians must include chili as one of the spices on their daily meal.If chili prices increase, it will affect people's purchasing power and lead to discontent [3].Statistics Indonesia [4] noted that the national chili production reached 2.77 million tons in 2020.This figure increased by 183.96 thousand tons or 7.11% compared to 2019.The harvested area of chili in Central Java is 23,712 hectares and with a total production of 164,980 tons.This means that 1 hectare of land will be able to produce up to 6.96 tons of chili.The production centers for chili in Central Java are located in Brebes, Banjarnegara, Magelang, and Temanggung.Red Chili consists of curly red chilies and large red chilies.New varieties can be created as a solution to chili issues [5], [6].Increasing genetic diversity is one of the most crucial factors in the plant breeding process to create superior varieties.One of the most important elements in determining whether plant breeding efforts are successful is genetic diversity.The presence of germplasm with broad genetic variety is necessary for efforts to improve the genetics of chili plants.Plants' morphological traits can either characters that are qualitative or quantitative.Qualitative characters ars manifestations of distinct phenotypes abruptly switching from one to another that can be classified formally to create groups.The identification of intra and inter-specific diversity in capsicums has been made possible through morphological characterization [7].The objective of this study was to determine of morphological characters of Pengkol Jati chili from Grobogan.

Methodology
The primary requirement to get the certificate of ownership is morphological identification, which was conducted in February to April 2020 in Pengkol Jati village, Grobogan regency.The research method is based on the framework of the provisions of description of horticultural plants by the Directorate General of Horticulture [8] and the standards set by IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute).The character observed include external appearance of tree (height, growth, head shape, crown, branching, color on the book, canopy, stem shape and color).For morphological leaf data collection, ten leaves were randomly collected and observed.The character observed include leaves shape, size, direction, leaf color, size and color petiole, wax layer.For morphological flower data collection, ten opened flowers were randomly collected and observed.The character observed include color of flower, stem, and flower crown, stain, petals, pistil head, position and angle of flower stalk, number of flower per node, flowering schedule, time of flower to fruit.Ten mature fruits collected from ten different trees were used to describe fruits.The fruit character observed include color, size, shape, skin and flesh thickness, fruit weight, seed color, shape, and size and general data.The data collected consist of general data and plant data.The general data is obtained from direct observation and interviews, while plant data is from direct mesurement to the object.Color determination uses the Royal Horticulture Society color chart.Plant documentation is done using a camera for observation data.The morphological characteristics and general data were noted and organized in the form of a standard blank and registered to Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing to get a Certificate of Ownership of Local Varieties.

3.1.Morphological characterization
Morphological character is the main requirement to obtain a certificate of ownership of local varieties.The preservation of plant genetic material is carried out through a number of activities in the form of exploratory characterization and documentation as a guide in the empowerment of genetic resources in breeding programs in order to anticipate the erosion of the gene for chili [9].The general data showed that red chili Pengkol Jati has been existed in Pengkol Jati Village since around 1970.This local variety which is propagated using seeds and has been cultivated and selected continuesly for decades by Mr. Daeroni family of which the address is Pengkol Jati, Tlogomulyo Village, Gubug District, Grobogan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.Possitive selection has been made in every single year to improve performance, resistant to pest and diseases, and yield.Result of the visual observation showed that the plants look healthy.The Pengkol Jati chilli is planted in paddy field area with the soil type of alluvial and plant around is paddy field.The Pengkol Jati is welknown local variety of chili in Grobogan of which is the seed are distributed and planted in Tlogo Mulyo village and the yield is traded surrounding Grobogan Regency.Plant height is very important character in morphological characterization even though this character is influenced by environment.Plant height of red chili Pengkol Jati ranged from 70 cm to 80 cm, which is measured from ground surface to top of canopy.The stem diameter is about 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm, and the stem shape is round.From the size of plant height and stem diameter, it is figure out that the plant is not vigorous.Pengkol Jati chili have shrub head shape, and crown lush shape.The plant grows upright with the branches grow upright too.Location of lowest branch is around 2.8 cm from ground surface, and stem length or the distance from cotyledon to first flower is about 30 cm to 35 cm.Book shortening is none, stem texture is rough, and stem color is green (Green Group 143 A).The color of anthocyanins on the book is none.This character is very strong character for chili since this character is belong to qualitative character and less affected by environment.This character is fastly distinguished and easy to use as a marker.Morphological characterization based on qualitative traits of crops is a very crucial and essential first step in any crop improvement and breeding program [10].There were six qualitative and seven quantitative features based on the qualitative and quantitative data that may be utilized as good criterion for choosing red chili cultivars.The traits included leaf tip, anther and pistil color, fruit surface, young fruit color, plant height, dichotomous height, canopy width, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit weight [11].Leaf shape of red chili (C.annuum var.longum) usually is oval to lancet with leaf tip is tapered or pointed [12].Result of leaf identification showed that the shape of leaf is lanset with flat edge leaf and tapered leaf tip.The color of bottom and top of leaf surface are green indifferent grade, the upper leaf is darker than bottom surface.The other important qualitative traits are color petiole and leaf direction, both characters are strong marker to differentiate among varieties.In this variety, the leaf direction is erect.An erect nature allows for maximum and uniform exposure of all leaves and other vegetative parts to better sunlight and would also result in an increase in dry matter production and an increase in yield [13].Along with the colour of the anthers and position of the flower, the color of corolla flower is the discriminant qualitative descriptors [14].The color of corolla flower of red chili Pengkol Jati is white.The white color is attractive traits to pollinators to come close to the flower and will help during the pollination process.Based on the flowering schedule and time of flower to fruit, this variety is categorized as early varieties.The flowering schedule is around 50 to 60 days after planting, and the time of flower to fruit only 10 to 12 days.The color of pistil head color is identified as yellow green (Yellow green group 145 C).Color of anther and pistil were specific to each cultivar and might be used as a specific character of a cultivar [15].The morphological characteristics of chilies can be used to distinguish between genotypes.The shape and size of the fruits allow most variants or cultivars within a species to be identified [16].Result of the observation showed that fruit shape of Pengkol Jati is elongated, the color of skin color old fruit is red (Red group 45 B), and flesh color is orange (Orange red group 33 B) (Table 3).Attractive fruit color, fruit shape, lesser fruit pubescence and smooth fruit texture are the factors which determine consumer acceptability of the product.Hence, these traits become a good selection criterion for a breeder.

Main characteristics
The position of the flower stalk is upright, the angle between the flower and the flower stalk is 45 o , the shape of the fruit is elongated, the shape of the base of the fruit is not shouldered, the appearance of the tip of the fruit is pointed, the appearance of the fruit is slightly wavy.
The Pengkol Jati fruit size is long, but the diameter is narrow or small (14.64 cm x 0.62 cm) the color and the shape of Pengkol Jati looked attractive.The Pengkol Jati fruit color has the same color as the research result by Saisupriya et al. (2021) [17] which states young fruit color is green and when it is mature, it is vivid red.Reduced chlorophyll, anthocyanin pigmentation, and carotenoid pigment accumulation give ripe fruit its color.The most prevalent pigment in red ripe fruit is Capsanthin and Capsorubin [18].Skin thickness and flesh thickness 0.02 cm and 0.08 cm, the skin and flesh thickness of chili fruit and the fruit weight to be a criteria consumer to buy the product.The positive trait of chili Pengkol Jati can be harvest about 60 day to 70 days after planting, plant age up to 15 months tolerant to viruses and Phytophthora sp., and have strong stems and fruit stalks.Sahid et al. (2022) [19] showed that genotype, maturity stage, and growth cultivation conditions are related to the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chili pepper fruit.There are main characteristic which can be used as main character those are position of the flower stalk is upright, the angle between the flower and the flower stalk is 45 o , the shape of the fruit is elongated, the shape of the base of the fruit is not shouldered, the appearance of the tip of the fruit is pointed, the appearance of the fruit is slightly wavy.To create further datasets that might be used for breeding programs, the performance of the five accessions must be examined after the genotype's stability [20].
Figure 1.The color, size, and shape of leaves, fruits, seeds, fruits, and cross section of chili Pengkol Jati.

Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Indonesian Institute for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) Ministry of Agriculture for funding this study by DIPA APBN 2020.

References
A certificate of ownership of local varieties published by Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic Indonesia is very important to protect the variety from illegal name and to meet the requirements for the release of varieties.The morphological characters is a main requirement to register the variety to get a certificate of Ownership.A certificate of ownership of local varieties can be strengthened with a certificate of protection of geographical indications to protect chili Pengkol Jati[21].The morphological characteristics and general data of chili Pengkol Jati have been noted and organized in the form of a standard blank and registered to Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing to get a Certificate of Ownership of Local Varieties.As a result, a Certificate of Ownership of Local Varieties of Pengkol Jati curly red chili (Figure2) was published in December 2020 number 1609/PVL/2020, and submitted to local government of Grobogan regency.This material could be used by interested scientist as well as farmers.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. A Certificate of Ownership of Local Varieties of Pengkol Jati curly red chili published by Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic Indonesia.4. Conclusion A Certificate of Ownership of Local Varieties of Pengkol Jati curly red chili published by Center for Crop Variety Protection and Agricultural Licensing, Ministry of Agriculture of Republic Indonesia has submitted to local government of Grobogan regency in December 2020.

Table 1 .
General and plant data of Curly Red Chili Pengkol Jati, Grobogan

Table 2 .
Leaves and flowers character of Curly Red Chili Pengkol Jati, Grobogan.