Comparative analysis of profitability of catfish business using conventional and biofloc systems in Maros District

Maros Regency is one of the coastal and marine areas that has the potential to develop large inland and marine fisheries in South Sulawesi. Catfish is a freshwater fish that has economic value. This research aims to analyze the profitability of the catfish business in Turikale District and Mandai District, Maros Regency using conventional and biofloc methods. This research method uses the quantitative analysis method with the location chosen deliberately, namely Turikale and Mandai Districts. Sampling was carried out using snowball sampling. Data collection techniques using interview techniques. Data analysis using qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the research are the total profits obtained by catfish farming with conventional techniques in the Mandai and Turikale Districts of IDR 10,493 and 854.71/harvest profits for conventional techniques of IDR 4,669,332.40 and for the Biofloc technique. IDR 5,824,522.31 which means the advantage of the biofloc technique is greater than conventional


Introduction
South Sulawesi as one of the areas that has a large enough area of sea waters makes marine commodity products one of the mainstays in South Sulawesi's regional original income.Maros Regency is one of the coastal and marine areas that has the potential to develop large inland and marine fisheries in South Sulawesi [1] .P aquaculture production according to main commodities in South Sulawesi in 2021 is catfish production 2,915.98,milkfish production 392,511.38,carp production 22.30, and tilapia production 13,769.87.The production of other fresh water fish such as milkfish and tilapia.Catfish production in 2021 is only 2,915.98 tons, this figure is still relatively low compared to the production of milkfish and tilapia [2].Catfish is a type of freshwater fish that has been cultivated commercially by the people of Indonesia.At this time there have been many catfish cultivators who have created new innovations in aquaculture such as biofloc systems, aquaponic systems, boosters and conventional systems {Formatting Citation}.
However, at present there are still many farmers who complain that cultivating catfish (Clarias Sp) if it is not appropriate in feeding, then the income and expenses are not balanced, because catfish is a greedy fish.In addition, its economic value is still less high compared to carp or carp (carp) [4] .An indepth study of the catfish farming business, especially regarding the profitability of the catfish business, needs to be carried out.The profitability of the catfish farming business is reflected in the level of income earned, the Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Return On Investment (ROI) and profit-cost ratios [5].The biofloc system is a method of cultivating using bacteria as a support in the process of accelerating fish.The bacteria used can be used by fish as a food source.This is because heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria can intensively convert organic waste into a collection of microorganisms in the form of flocs [6] .

Research methods
This Research Design using quantitative analysis.This research will provide an overview or description of a situation as clearly as possible without any treatment of the object under study.The population in this study were catfish cultivators [7] .The population as informants in this study were catfish cultivators spread across two sub-districts in Maros Regency, namely Turikale District and Mandai District.The sampling technique was carried out by Snowball Sampling, namely the sampling technique that was initially small in number and then selected its friends to be sampled and so on, so that the number of samples increased [8] .

Investment cost
Investment costs are costs incurred at the start of production.The investment costs for catfish ( clarias batracus ) [9] .Cultivators in the Mandai and Turikale sub-districts can be seen in the table below: The average investment used for catfish (Clarias batracus) cultivation in the Mandai district for conventional techniques is IDR 42,238,000, while the Biofloc technique is IDR 18,346,000.at Turikale concern The average investment used in catfish (clarias batracus)cultivation, including for conventional cultivation techniques, is IDR 37,832,000 and for the biofloc technique IDR 15,113,000.The difference in investment costs between biofloc and conventional techniques is due to the fact that the equipment needed to make aquaculture ponds is relatively inexpensive and does not require a lot of tools.The difference in the average investment between the Mandai and Turikale sub-districts is due to the fact that in the Mandai sub-district the average cultivator has started his business a long time ago so that his production capacity has also increased.

Fixed costs
Fixed costs are costs incurred by businesses where these costs do not change and owners are not tied to production.The definition of fixed costs is business expenses that do not depend on the level of goods or services produced by the business.These expenses are related to time, such as salaries or rent that are paid monthly, and are often referred to as additional expenses [10] .The amount of fixed costs incurred by catfish (clarias batracus) cultivators in the Mandai and Turikale districts does not depend on the ongoing harvest.The value of fixed costs is obtained from the total value of the average depreciation cost of the investment issued by cultivators.To obtain the depreciation value of investment costs, the cost formula is used divided by the length of use of the type of investment [11].The average fixed cost in the Mandai district used for catfish (Clarias batracus) using the conventional technique is IDR 1,519,777.8and IDR 551,000 for the biofloc technique, while for the Turikale district, the average fixed costs incurred for conventional techniques are IDR 1,412,647 and IDR 411,750 for the biofloc technique.

Variable cost
Variable costs incurred by catfish ( clarias batracus ) cultivators in the Mandai and Turikale sub-districts can be seen in the table below: The variable cost component of the catfish ( clarias batracus ) cultivating business in the Mandai and Turikale sub-districts has an average variable cost of conventional techniques in the Mandai subdistrict, which is IDR 11,939,250 /harvest for a pond area of 1000m2, while for the biofloc technique is 3,072,000 / Harvest for a pond area of 600m2 the average variable cost incurred on catfish ( clarias batracus ) in the Turikale District for the Conventional technique is IDR 6,447,250 /harvest for a pond area of 1000m 2 and for the biofloc technique is IDR 2,296,500/harvest for a pond area of 600m 2 .

Total cost.
Total costs are all costs incurred by landowners in the process of cultivating catfish which consist of total variable costs (variable costs/VC) and total fixed costs (fixed costs/FC) [12].Acceptance fee is the amount of revenue from the sale of goods and or services.Revenue is the result obtained from the results of operations which is the amount of production multiplied by the selling price of the product [13] .Revenue is the total sales made by conventional catfish farming business owners and Biofloc in Mandai and Turikale districts.The selling price for catfish in the Mandai and Turikale sub-districts is around IDR 12,000-16,000, while for production per harvest it has a range of 989-3,540 heads/harvest.The smallest income was by respondent 5 with a total of IDR 9,000,000 which used conventional techniques, then the largest income was received by 10 respondents with a total of IDR 12,600,000 using conventional techniques.The average acceptance for conventional techniques is IDR 11,578,200 and for the biofloc technique IDR 10,082,000 3.6.Profit Profits are the sum of the revenue received minus the overall costs incurred by the business owner cultivation of conventional catfish and biofloc techniques in Mandai and Turikale District [14]  The total profit obtained by farming catfish using conventional techniques in the Mandai and Turikale districts is IDR 4,669,332.40and IDR for the Biofloc technique.5,824,522.31.The smallest profit in the catfish business is for respondent 5 with a total profit of IDR 3,501,716.67while the largest was in respondent 8 with a total profit of IDR 5,399,909.72.Based on the research, it was found that the costs incurred were less than the revenue so that the catfish farming business in the research location experienced profits.This is reinforced by if the income is greater than what is spent, then the income is called profit, if the income is lower than the costs used in management it is called a loss [15] .

Table 1 .
Investment costs of cultivating catfish with conventional techniques in the Mandai and Turikale Districts:

Table 2 .
Investment cost of catfish cultivation using the biofloc technique in Mandai and Turikale Districts.

Table 3 .
Fixed costs of conventional catfish farming in the Mandai and Turikale Districts.

Table 4 .
Fixed costs of catfish cultivation with the biofloc technique in Mandai

Table 5 .
Variable costs of catfish cultivation with conventional techniques in the Mandai and Turikale Districts.

Table 7 .
Average total cost of conventional catfish cultivation and biofloc in Mandai and Turikale Subdistricts.

Table 8 .
Revenue costs for conventional catfish farming and biofloc in Mandai and Turikale Districts.

Table 9 .
Advantages of conventional catfish cultivation and biofloc techniques inMandai and Turikale Districts.
The total profit of the catfish (Clarias batracus) farming business in Mandai and Turikale Districts is IDR 10,493,854.71/Harvest.Profits for conventional techniques of IDR 4,669,332.40and for the Biofloc technique.IDR 5,824,522.31which means the advantage of the Biofloc technique is greater than conventional.