Potential of Indonesian indigenous community local wisdom for food security

Most of Indonesia’s territory is rural areas that have local wisdom in relation to food. This local wisdom provides a perspective on how to achieve food security based on cultural values. there is a synergy between food security and cultural preservation. This paper discusses the potential of local wisdom of Indonesian indigenous people to achieve food security. This study uses a qualitative approach. We collect data through literature reviews of scientific publications that examine food security in the context of sustainable development. We conclude that indigenous communities have unique local wisdom. This local wisdom has potential and provides perspectives in the context of global issues (food security).


Introduction
Indonesia has a sustainable village development program that initiates villages to become the spearhead of growth.The village platform is the origin of Indonesian cultural identity and development must start from the cultural unit that lives in the village.Village is a community unit that has territorial boundaries and authority to regulate government, interests on community initiatives, origin rights, traditional rights (Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2014).The Cultural Advancement Program encourages villages to grow in accordance with local wisdom as the main strength.The village is no longer an object of development but a subject of development.The ultimate goal of village development is achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
The development of rural areas is a concern of the Indonesian government.Rural areas include rural areas.According to the Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia, there are 83,931 villages in this year.The Indonesian government is committed to developing rural areas as a unit of sustainable national development.Most of Indonesia's territory are rural areas.In rural areas in Indonesia there is an indigenous community structure .They have a unique food security model and are a model of food security for Indonesian people in general.Food security is a key goal in sustainable development to increase welfare through alleviating poverty, hunger, and reducing the food divide [1,2].
The diversity of Indonesia's indigenous communities and their models of food security is a pillar of strength for improving the welfare of indigenous peoples themselves and is a best practice to serve as a reference for creating models of food security.This paper discusses the potential of local wisdom of Indonesian indigenous peoples to achieve food security.

Methods
This research takes secondary data.The typology of this research is qualitative, exploring that local wisdom can become a perspective in the discourse on global issues (food security).We collect data from (1) the Scopus database (from 2009-2023), (2) government policies related to food security in Indonesia, (3) the Indonesian statistical agency.The limitations in this study form the basis for further research.

Synergy Food security and culture preservation
One of the indigenous communities that has food security is Ciptagelar.This is Sukamulya village, Sinarresmi Village, Cisolok sub-district, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province.This area is located at an altitude of 800-1200 meters above sea level, below Mount Halimun.Food security through farming activities is not only the implementation of farming technology but also traditional rituals in the context of farming.So that in the agricultural process there are customary rules.There are three zones of forest areas where they live (titipan, tutupan, and Garapan Forests) [13].
This indigenous community realizes food security through technology adoption while paying attention to local culture.Their food security is based on the adoption of inclusive technology.They use resilience technology as well as use their culture in striving for food security.The technology they use includes utilization and maintenance of agricultural soil fertility, cropping pattern management, and pest management.They make irrigation technology independently.Meanwhile, their cropping model was based on constellations.The mechanism for maintaining the quality of food seeds (rice) is based on their local cultural wisdom.
The Ciptagelar indigenous people are different from other indigenous peoples who are not inclusive and do not externalize local wisdom in the form of efforts to create food security.In the context of sustainable development, local wisdom is expected to contribute to the economic growth of society in particular and society in general.The strength of ancestral traditions that animate independence has become a local wisdom force that is able to explore its own potential through cultural preservation by adopting social developments outside of its traditions.Food security in the dimension of food availability is sourced from the local wisdom of agricultural cultivation in Kasepuhan Ciptagelar regarding food availability.They have adherence to ancestral traditions or carry out the teachings of tatali paranti karuhun, agricultural cultivation carried out, namely lowland rice and huma, is able to realize food security [14,15].This inclusion model is different from the food security model of other indigenous peoples who create food security by seeking alternative sources of food or food diversification as found in the Cireundeu traditional village, in Cimahi City.The staple food of the people of this village is not rice but cassava.This shows that the food security of this traditional village is food diversification based on local raw materials.However, there is a tendency for a shift in consumption patterns of the Cirendeu indigenous people, especially among children and adolescents who already like other snacks whose main ingredient is rice [16][17][18][19][20]. Another food security model is the agroforestry model [21].
The Kasepuhan Ciptagelar community has its own rules regarding food processing, including storing rice in the leuit (granary), pounding rice in the saung lisung, and cooking rice in the goah (cooking area).This community also never lacks food and even has sufficient food supplies for the next few years [22].

General discussion
Food security and cultural preservation run in synergy.Cultural preservation is an effort that is carried out in a sustainable, measurable, dynamic manner and is carried out together as an activity or carried out continuously [23].Preservation of local culture, preservation of the nation's old norms (local culture) is an effort to maintain artistic and cultural values, traditional values dynamically, being able to adapt to the development of civilization [23].The aim of cultural preservation is to strengthen (revitalize) culture through understanding that generates awareness, collective efforts, and encourages cultural innovation and creativity.Studies on community development in cultural development show that cultural globalization follows the pattern of economic globalization [24,25].In the era of cultural globalization, it is difficult for communities to maintain their unique local culture.By creating a synergy with achieving food security, cultural preservation supports each other.
The Indonesian government's policies in the food sector lead to achieving sustainable development goals, and should not only use a technological (agricultural) perspective.Previous research has also looked at food security as a condition of food availability at the family level [26][27][28].Some studies also focus on food security in certain areas [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].
The direct consumer, agroecological, and livelihood pathways-which all contribute to food and nutrition security-are linked to forests, which are essential to guaranteeing global food security.The term "direct consumption pathway" refers to gathering and consuming forested foods like fruits and vegetables, which are essential sources of macro-and micronutrients for nearby communities.The agroecological pathway also discusses how trees indirectly contribute to food security by assisting agricultural production systems.
Sustainable agriculture is aided by forests' ability to improve soil fertility, control climate and water flow, and offer habitat for pollinators and pests' natural enemies.Additionally, through the livelihood pathway, forests offer significant opportunities for livelihood to communities that depend on forests.Non-timber forest products, such as medicinal herbs, honey, and other goods that can be bought or consumed locally, are produced in part by forests.Additionally, forests offer job opportunities in ecotourism, forestry management, and resource management, which can help local communities maintain their standard of living.Overall, the benefits of forests for food and nutrition security are numerous and complicated, and it is essential to protect and manage forests sustainably to maintain both the livelihoods of communities that depend on forests and global food security [38,39].
The goals of village development in the next ten years are villages without poverty, villages without violence, healthy and prosperous villages, quality education, gender equal villages.Other goals are decent water and sanitation villages, clean renewable energy villages, village economic development and jobs, village innovation and infrastructure, villages without gaps, sustainable residential areas, environmentally conscious village production, climate change control by villages, village land ecosystems.Regulations in Indonesia (a joint regulation of the minister of home affairs and the minister of culture and tourism on "Cultural Preservation Guidelines", states that culture is the goal of sustainable village development, namely peaceful villages with justice, partnerships for village development, dynamic village institutions and adaptive village culture.

Conclusion
This paper contributes to efforts to build awareness that efforts to realize food security require many perspectives.One perspective is the local wisdom of indigenous peoples.Food security is often centered on the availability of food.However, the availability of food does not guarantee access to food itself.Food security pays attention to the distribution of food evenly.Food availability must be accompanied by access to food.The world institute for food defines food security as a condition in which everyone has access to sufficient food to have a healthy and productive life and nutritional value [40][41][42].

References [1]
Thomas There are 13 documents related to food security in Indonesia (boolean: (TITLE-ABS-KEY ("food security") AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (indigenous AND community) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (indonesia)) [3-12].The issue of food security in indigenous peoples in Indonesia began in 2009.The attention of researchers has increased from 2022 to now (2023).The papers they do focus on certain types of food such as (mushrooms), climate change, customary forest management.They conducted research on: 1) the diversity of edible mushrooms utilized by the community on Mount Tukung Gede in Cimacan village; 2) agroforestry and climate smart agriculture to improve food security and resilience for indigenous people in Teluk Patipi District, Fakfak Regency, West Papua Province; 3) multisectoral approach/cross-sectoral coordination within the government as the policy maker; 4) food security management; 5) traditional food for food security; 6) food resilience; 7) the effect of climate change and disaster to food.Scholars pay little attention that there are value interventions that form the basis for indigenous peoples in the practice of producing food.The organization that has produced the most publications (2009-2022) on food security for indigenous peoples is the Center for International Forestry Research, West Java.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Analyze search results of scopus data base 2009-2022 Boedhihartono A K and Sayer J 2009 Indigenous livelihoods and the global environment: Understanding relationships 18th World IMACS Congress and MODSIM 2009 -International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Interfacing Modelling and Simulation with Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Proceedings (Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand Inc. (MSSANZ)) pp 2833-9 [4] Martini E, Roshetko J M, Purnomosidhi P, Tarigan J, Idris N and Zulfadhli T 2013 Fruit germplasm resources and demands for small scale farmers post-tsunami and conflicts in nanggroe aceh darussalam province, Indonesia Acta Hortic 975 657-64 [5] Wani K A and Ariana L 2018 Impact of climate change on indigenous people and adaptive capacity of bajo tribe, Indonesia Environmental Claims Journal 30 302-13 [6] Hasibuan H S, Waromi L F and Utomo S W 2018 Sustainable Food Security Strategy: Study of Land Suitability of Rice and Sago Commodity in Kampong Wapeko, Merauke District, Papua Province, Indonesia E3S Web of Conferences vol 68 (EDP Sciences)