Rural agroindustry development based on prime commodities in Soppeng regency

Rural agroindustry business is one of the efforts to increase the added value of agricultural products in rural areas. This is supported by the availability of raw materials in the areas. This research aims to determine priority commodities and agroindustrial products for rural agroindustrial scale, and create their development strategies in Soppeng Regency. This study used primary data obtained from observations and interviews with relevant agencies and parties, and secondary data obtained from the literature of relevant sources. The determination of priority commodities and agroindustrial products was analysed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Research results showed three priority commodities, namely rice (0.358), corn (0.320), Cocoa (0.188). It was identified that priority products for rural agroindustry development were rice flour (0.244), chocolate drink (0.185), and corn chips (0.167). Furthermore, the development of rural agroindustry in Soppeng regency was focused on 3 (three) selected priority products; rice flour, chocolate drinks and corn chips. These efforts were, started with an acceleration of technology transfer, especially post-harvest handling for high quality raw materials, good manufacturing practices and product marketing.


Introduction
The potential of diversity in each region influences policy, strategy, and action in regional development.An economic potential of the regions in Indonesia, including Soppeng Regency is largely based on the agricultural sector.The agricultural potential of the Soppeng Regency is located in all village areas, with the value of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) contribution based on the largest business from the agricultural, fishery, and forestry sectors.During the last 3 (three) years from 2020 to 2022, the value of GDP was 29.31%, 28.69%, and 28.59%, respectively.The biggest contribution in hiring workers in the agricultural sector reached 52.70%, while the contribution in rural areas reached 57.59%.The effort in developing the economic sector in Soppeng Regency, continues to increase the growth of the agricultural based on industrialization.Therefore, the agroindustry can encourage agricultural growth and development.
Economic growth must pay attention to the equitable aspect of regional economic development to avoid inequality.A solution to improve the economy and equitable distribution of regional economic development can be done through the development of rural agroindustry, called a micro and small-scaled industry utilizing agricultural products as the main raw material carried out by rural 1230 (2023) 012008 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012008 2 communities.Ministry of Industry [5], classified the number of workers involved in micro-scaled industries as around 1-4 workers, and for small industries from 5 to 19 workers.An emphasis on the development of agroindustry in rural areas has a strategic meaning as the industrialization has generally taken place in urban areas with consideration of the infrastructural availability, while agroindustry is an industry requiring supply of agricultural products as basic or raw materials produced in the rural areas [10].
Marsudi [11] concluded found that the community-based agroindustry development in Karanganyar Regency was appropriately to be implemented because the agroindustrial sector requires high quantity of workers from upstream to downstream, leading to a multiplier effect for a large economy.Supriyati [17] found that the rural agroindustry plays a major role in hiring workers in rural areas, related to unemployment and poverty issues in rural areas.Therefore, agroindustry is expected to potentially overcomes these two problems, but agroindustrial development must be supported by a government policy.The comprehensive policy is also required for raw materials supply to marketing, human resources support, technology, facilities and infrastructure, and partnerships between large-scale agroindustry and small and household-scaled agroindustry.
The rural agroindustry aims to increase the added value of agricultural products in rural areas, to improve quality assurance and products price, to develop product diversification, as a system for introducing, mastering, and utilizing technology, and as a system for community participation in implementing industrial culture through the creation of new entrepreneurs [10].The presence of rural agroindustry is driven by the abundance of raw materials and low hired rural workers playing a role in poverty alleviation.However, the provision of quality raw materials, a skilled workforce using technology, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure are still limited, consequently the agroindustry cannot run as expected [14].Mangunwidjaja and Sailah [10] revealed that a strategy to reduce or eliminate obstacles, increase existing potential and open up wider opportunities are required, thereby developing rural agroindustry empowering the economy.Therefore, this study is expected to result in the strategy of developing commodity-based rural agroindustry, focused on Soppeng Regency, recognized as one of the centers of agricultural production in South Sulawesi.This research aims to determine the priority commodities of rural agroindustry, determine priority agroindustry products for rural agroindustry scale and its development efforts in Soppeng Regency.

Research method
This research was conducted from May to September 2022 in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi.Data collection from the Agency of Food Crops, Horticulture, Plantation and Food Security in Soppeng Regency on leading agricultural commodities in Soppeng Regency was started using interview methods.Priority commodities were determined using the process hierarchy analysis (AHP) method.From the selected priority commodities, potential products that could be developed on a rural agroindustry scale were identified and then followed by the process hierarchy analysis (AHP) to re-determine priority products for rural agroindustry.The selected priority products were analyzed using to identify internal and external factors that can be a support or obstacle to developing a development strategy implemented in stages.Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, using a questionnaire, and direct interviews with several expert respondents from the Agency of Food Crops, Horticulture, Plantation and Food Security, Agency of Development Planning, Research and Regional Development Soppeng Regency, Farmer Representatives, Agricultural Extension and expert from Hasanuddin University.

Preliminary data collection
The first stage of the research was initial data collection carried out by direct observation and collecting data from Agency of Food Crops, Horticulture, Plantation and Food Security in Soppeng Regency.In generally, data collected describes the prime agricultural commodities potentially developed into various agroindustrial products.The products were, deliberately determined to focus on 5 (five) commodities based on the highest production, consisting of rice, corn, cocoa, banana and mango.

Determination of priority commodities for rural agroindustry
Priority commodities were determined using the process hierarchy analysis (AHP) method, with analysis criteria including production availability (continuity), cultivation technology, human resources of farmers, commodity market and marketing, agroindustrial products potential and government policies.These criteria were used to determine the choice of alternative commodities of rice, corn, cocoa, banana and mango.

Identification of selected commodity agroindustry products
Three selected priority commodities as potential agroindustry products were identified to be developed on a rural agroindustry scale through literature studies.

Determination of the rural agroindustry priority products
The identified and selected priority commodities were determined as priority products using the Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) method to be developed as rural agroindustry products in Soppeng Regency, with analysis criteria including process technology aspects, human resources of actors, marketing, added value and government policy.

Rural agroindustry development strategy formulation
The final stage was the rural agroindustry development strategy formulation, analyzed using the SWOT method to obtain efforts to support rural agroindustry development in Soppeng Regency.

Description of the prime agricultural commodities in Soppeng regency
The analyzed commodities were selected by selecting five types of commodities with the largest production in Soppeng Regency, which are rice, corn, cocoa, banana and mango, shown in Table 3.1 and discussed as follows.Corn production lasts throughout the year in the village area, in which the peak period of the harvest season is in March and April and the lowest is in January and June.In terms of availability, this commodity potentially becomes a raw material for various industrial products in Soppeng Regency.Corn production in 2016 was 93,131 tons compared to 2021 of 178,341 tons, a significant increase of 91.49%.The harvested corn is produced to be dry corn by farmers, and then the dry corn is immediately sold.Farmers do not carry out the post-harvest handling process in the form of drying, causing the high moisture content of the harvested corn and consequently the price of the corn is low and not acceptable to the market.

Cocoa commodity.
Problems related to pest and disease attacks on cocoa plants and the old age of the plants cause a decrease in the productivity and quality of cocoa.Even though cocoa production currently decreased, but, cocoa is still the third largest commodity in Soppeng Regency.The Government policy to restore the glory of cocoa is one of the factors to continuously survive.Most of the cocoa beans produced by farmers are in the form of natural cocoa beans, without a proper fermentation process.The cocoa beans are sold directly to collectors without processing of cocoa beans into processed products.The peak period of the cocoa harvest in Soppeng Regency is in Mei-Juli.

Banana commodity.
The cultivation of bananas in Soppeng Regency is mostly used as intercropping or as a barrier to plantation land and house yards.Only a small part of the land is fully used as a banana plantation area.Apart from direct and fresh consumption of bananas or less processed by society as ready-to-eat traditional snacks, bananas are generally sold directly by farmers to collectors.Only a small portion of banana production is processed into processed products.The availability of banana production lasted throughout the year and spread throughout the region, making the banana as great potential in terms of rural agroindustry development by making bananas one of the raw materials.Therefore, added value of banana commodities can be increased.

Mango commodity.
Mango commodities, like bananas, are not cultivated intensively on agricultural land, but become intercrops, borders on plantation land and in house yards.The largest harvesting period is in April-June.However, mangoes do not bear fruit all year round, depending on weather or climate conditions.Mango production in Soppeng Regency is usually only consumed directly as fresh fruit, while for sales, the collecting traders directly buy the mangoes in the garden or the owner's yard.Although mango commodities are not a priority for farmers to be traded, mangoes have the potential as one of the commodities to be processed into various products to increase their added value, since there is no industry processing of mango.

Priority commodities of rural agroindustry
Determination of priority commodities for the development of rural agroindustry was carried out using the Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) method.Alternative commodities have been determined, which were five types of commodities with the highest production in Soppeng Regency.Determination of criteria was obtained from the results of identified factors considered to influence the success of a commodity to be developed as a raw material for rural agroindustry.The hierarchical model for determining rural agroindustrial commodities in Soppeng Regency is shown in Figure 1.Six criteria were used to select alternative priority commodities.Prior to a comparison made between the alternatives for each criterion, a comparison was made amongst the criteria to determine the degree of importance of each of these criteria.The results of the combined opinions of the expert respondents regarding these criteria are shown in Table 3 The comparison results between the criteria were used for selecting priority rural agroindustry commodities in Soppeng Regency, indicating that the criteria with the greatest influence were the commodity market and marketing aspects with a value 0.276, while the least influence was the aspect of cultivation technology with value 0.102.The results of data analysis on the combination of respondents opinions on the comparison of alternative commodities for each criterion in determining priority commodities can be seen in Figure 2. Figure 2, shows each criterion with a different level of priority on each alternative.The conclusions from determining priority commodities can be seen in Table 3. Table 3 shows that the three selected main priority commodities will then become the basis for determining agroindustry products (rice, corn and cocoa) at the following stages.

Identification of agroindustrial products based prime commodities
The selection of priority commodities using the Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) method resulted in the selected commodities, namely rice, corn and cocoa.Identification of several types of agroindustrial products in these commodities was carried out by tracing various sources of literature, paying attention to the level of feasibility and suitability of products for household and small-scale agroindustry as benefits rural agroindustry.The results of the identification of agroindustrial products for each commodity can be seen in Table 4 4 shows two types of selected products from each commodity for further analysis, chosen deliberately.The results for rice-based products were rice flour and rice snack, corn-based products were marning corn and corn chips, and cocoa-based products were chocolate bars and chocolate drinks.

Priority Products of Rural Agroindustry
The priority products were determined using the Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) method.The determined product alternatives were used from the previous stage and the criteria were obtained from the identification of influential factors.A hierarchical model for determining rural agroindustrial commodities in Soppeng Regency was shown in Figure 3. Five selected criteria were used to determine alternatives priority products for rural agroindustry in Soppeng Regency.The results of comparisons between criteria to determine the degree of importance of each of these criteria were shown in process hierarchy analysis resulted in comparisons between the five criteria that used as basic in the selection of priority products for rural agroindustry in Soppeng Regency.The most influential criterion was the aspect of human resource capacity with value 0.243, indicating the intended human resource capacity was related to agroindustry business actors.The readiness of human resources and the capacity is very important in ensuring the running of the agroindustry, especially related to processing as a core of agroindustry.
The second influential criterion was the added value aspect of the product with value 0.238.According to respondents, the aspect of product added value was the important criterion, in line with the aim of agroindustry, to increase the added value of agricultural commodities.The added value means an agricultural commodity processed after post-harvest handling and processing into a product.
The third influential criterion was the aspect of process technology with value 0.201, the availability of technology and the ability of human resources to manage and its application to produce agroindustrial products.Particularly for rural agroindustry with household and small-scaled industries, the availability of appropriate technology was very important.
The next criterion was the marketing aspect with value 0.194.Marketing was the main goal of the agroindustrial products produced as the market demanded to ensure the success of the developed agroindustry.The importance of marketing aspect can become the starting point in planning agroindustry projects.The last aspect of government policy with value of 0.123, plays an important role, especially in providing policy support which directly has a positive influence on the growth and development of rural agroindustry.The smaller the industrial scale, the more government policies were required to facilitate various facilities and access to support the development of the industry.
Data analysis on the combination of respondent's opinions on the comparison of product alternatives to the criteria for determining priority products can be seen in Figure 4.Each criterion produced a different priority level for each alternative product.The determination of priority agroindustry products can be seen in Table 6.Table 6 shows three selected main priority products focused on the development of rural agroindustry in Soppeng Regency, which were rice flour, chocolate drink and corn chips.

Strategy of rural agroindustry development in Soppeng Regency
The development strategy for rural agroindustry in Soppeng Regency was carried out by first identifying internal and external factors.Table 7 shows the identification of internal and external factors using the SWOT analysis method.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Hierarchical Model for Determining of Priority Commodities.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. The Output of Hierarchical Analysis Results of Priority Commodity Selection Process.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Hierarchical Model for Priority Products Determination.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Output of Hierarchical Analysis Results of The Priority Product Selection Process.

Table 1 .
Data on production of prime agricultural commodities in Soppeng regency for 2016-2021.Rice is the largest agricultural commodity and Soppeng Regency is a rice barn in South Sulawesi, where Soppeng Regency ranks 7th of 24 Regencies in terms of rice production in South Sulawesi in 2021 (BPS Sulawesi Selatan, 2021).Rice as a potential raw material for rural agroindustry is quite large in terms of the availability of production.Rice commodities are spread across all sub-districts and harvested throughout the year.The period peak of the largest harvest season occurs in April and September, while the lowest production periods are in June and December.The produced rice in dry rice produced by farmers in Soppeng Regency is mostly sold directly to traders, both local traders and those from outside Soppeng Regency.Rice production transported to other regions is caused by the low capacity of rice milling, which is unable to accommodate rice production, during the main harvest season period.1230 (2023) 012008 Planting areas in various areas of Soppeng Regency continuously increase and corn is regarded as a transition commodity for farmers in Soppeng Regency, especially cocoa farmers.

Table 2 .
.2. Degree of importance determining criteria for selection of priority rural agroindustry commodities in Soppeng regency.

Table 3 .
List of rural agroindustry priority commodities in

Table 4 .
Results of identification of several types of rice, corn and cocoa based agroindustry products.

Table 5 .
Degree of importance criteria for selection of priority products for rural agroindustry in Soppeng regency.

Table 6 .
List of Rural Agroindustry Priority Products in Soppeng Regency.