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Results of a self-triggered prototype system for radio-detection of extensive air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory
P. Abreu61, S. Acounis29, M. Aglietta49, M. Ahlers91, E.J. Ahn79, I.F.M. Albuquerque15, I. Allekotte1, J. Allen83, P. Allison85, A. Almela7,11, J. Alvarez Castillo54, J. Alvarez-Muñiz71, R. Alves Batista16, M. Ambrosio43, A. Aminaei55, L. Anchordoqui92, S. Andringa61, T. Antic̆i'c22, C. Aramo43, F. Arqueros68, H. Asorey1, P. Assis61, J. Aublin28, M. Ave71, M. Avenir29, G. Avila10, A.M. Badescu64, K.B. Barber12, A.F. Barbosa13,94, R. Bardenet27, B. Baughman85,97, J. Bäuml33, C. Baus35, J.J. Beatty85, K.H. Becker32, A. Bellétoile31, J.A. Bellido12, S. BenZvi91, C. Berat29, X. Bertou1, P.L. Biermann36, P. Billoir28, S.G. Blaess12, F. Blanco68, M. Blanco28,69, C. Bleve32, H. Blümer33,35, M. Boháčová24, D. Boncioli44, C. Bonifazi20, R. Bonino49, N. Borodai59, J. Brack77, I. Brancus62, P. Brogueira61, W.C. Brown78, P. Buchholz39, A. Bueno70, L. Buroker92, R.E. Burton75, M. Buscemi43, K.S. Caballero-Mora71,86, B. Caccianiga42, L. Caramete36, R. Caruso45, A. Castellina49, G. Cataldi47, L. Cazon61, R. Cester46, D. Charrier31, J. Chauvin29, S.H. Cheng86, A. Chiavassa49, J.A. Chinellato16, J. Chirinos Diaz82, J. Chudoba24, M. Cilmo43, R.W. Clay12, G. Cocciolo47, R. Colalillo43, L. Collica42, M.R. Coluccia47, R. Conceição61, F. Contreras9, H. Cook73, M.J. Cooper12, J. Coppens55,57, S. Coutu86, C.E. Covault75, A. Criss86, J. Cronin87, J. Curutiu36, R. Dallier30,31, B. Daniel16, S. Dasso3,5, K. Daumiller33, B.R. Dawson12, R.M. de Almeida21, M. De Domenico45, C. De Donato54, S.J. de Jong55,57, G. De La Vega8, W.J.M. de Mello Junior16, J.R.T. de Mello Neto20, I. De Mitri47, V. de Souza14, K.D. de Vries56, L. del Peral69, O. Deligny26, H. Dembinski33, N. Dhital82, C. Di Giulio44, M.L. Díaz Castro13, P.N. Diep93, F. Diogo61, C. Dobrigkeit16, W. Docters56, J.C. D'Olivo54, P.N. Dong26,93, A. Dorofeev77, J.C. dos Anjos13, M.T. Dova4, D. D'Urso43, J. Ebr24, R. Engel33, M. Erdmann37, C.O. Escobar16,79, J. Espadanal61, A. Etchegoyen7,11, P. Facal San Luis87, H. Falcke55,57,58, K. Fang87, G. Farrar83, A.C. Fauth16, N. Fazzini79, A.P. Ferguson75, B. Fick82, J.M. Figueira7, A. Filevich7, A. Filipčič65,66, S. Fliescher37, B. Fox88, C.E. Fracchiolla77, E.D. Fraenkel56, O. Fratu64, U. Fröhlich39, B. Fuchs35, R. Gaior28, R.F. Gamarra7, S. Gambetta40, B. García8, S.T. Garcia Roca71, D. Garcia-Gamez27, D. Garcia-Pinto68, T. Garçon31, G. Garilli45, A. Gascon Bravo70, H. Gemmeke34, P.L. Ghia28, M. Giller60, J. Gitto8, H. Glass79, M.S. Gold90, G. Golup1, F. Gomez Albarracin4, M. Gómez Berisso1, P.F. Gómez Vitale10, P. Gonçalves61, J.G. Gonzalez35, B. Gookin77, A. Gorgi49, P. Gorham88, P. Gouffon15, E. Grashorn85, S. Grebe55,57, N. Griffith85, A.F. Grillo50, Y. Guardincerri3, F. Guarino43, G.P. Guedes17, P. Hansen4, D. Harari1, T.A. Harrison12, J.L. Harton77, A. Haungs33, T. Hebbeker37, D. Heck33, A.E. Herve12, G.C. Hill12, C. Hojvat79, N. Hollon87, V.C. Holmes12, P. Homola59, J.R. Hörandel55,57, P. Horvath25, M. Hrabovský24,25, D. Huber35, T. Huege33, A. Insolia45, F. Ionita87, S. Jansen55,57, C. Jarne4, S. Jiraskova55, M. Josebachuili7, K. Kadija22, K.H. Kampert32, P. Karhan23, P. Kasper79, I. Katkov35, B. Kégl27, B. Keilhauer33, A. Keivani81, J.L. Kelley55, E. Kemp16, R.M. Kieckhafer82, H.O. Klages33, M. Kleifges34, J. Kleinfeller9,33, J. Knapp73, D.-H. Koang29, K. Kotera87, N. Krohm32, O. Krömer34, D. Kruppke-Hansen32, D. Kuempel37,39, J.K. Kulbartz38, N. Kunka34, G. La Rosa48, D. LaHurd75, L. Latronico49, R. Lauer90, M. Lauscher37, P. Lautridou31, S. Le Coz29, M.S.A.B. Leão19, D. Lebrun29, P. Lebrun79, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira19, A. Letessier-Selvon28, I. Lhenry-Yvon26, K. Link35, R. López51, A. Lopez Agüera71, K. Louedec27,29, J. Lozano Bahilo70, L. Lu73, A. Lucero7, M. Ludwig35, H. Lyberis20,26, M.C. Maccarone48, C. Macolino28, M. Malacari12, S. Maldera49, J. Maller31, D. Mandat24, P. Mantsch79, A.G. Mariazzi4, J. Marin9,49, V. Marin31, I.C. Maris28, H.R. Marquez Falcon53, G. Marsella47, D. Martello47, L. Martin30,31, H. Martinez52, O. Martínez Bravo51, D. Martraire26, J.J. Masías Meza3, H.J. Mathes33, J. Matthews81, J.A.J. Matthews90, G. Matthiae44, D. Maurel33, D. Maurizio13,46, E. Mayotte76, P.O. Mazur79, G. Medina-Tanco54, M. Melissas35, D. Melo7, E. Menichetti46, A. Menshikov34, P. Mertsch72, S. Messina56, C. Meurer37, R. Meyhandan88, S. Mi'canovi'c22, M.I. Micheletti6, I.A. Minaya68, L. Miramonti42, B. Mitrica62, L. Molina-Bueno70, S. Mollerach1, M. Monasor87, D. Monnier Ragaigne27, F. Montanet29, B. Morales54, C. Morello49, J.C. Moreno4, M. Mostafá77, C.A. Moura19, M.A. Muller16, G. Müller37, M. Münchmeyer28, R. Mussa46, G. Navarra49,94, J.L. Navarro70, S. Navas70, P. Necesal24, L. Nellen54, A. Nelles55,57, J. Neuser32, P.T. Nhung93, M. Niechciol39, L. Niemietz32, N. Nierstenhoefer32, T. Niggemann37, D. Nitz82, D. Nosek23, L. Nožka24, J. Oehlschläger33, A. Olinto87, M. Oliveira61, M. Ortiz68, N. Pacheco69, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei16, M. Palatka24, J. Pallotta2, N. Palmieri35, G. Parente71, A. Parra71, S. Pastor67, T. Paul84,92, M. Pech24, J. Pȩkala59, R. Pelayo51,71, I.M. Pepe18, L. Perrone47, R. Pesce40, E. Petermann89, S. Petrera41, A. Petrolini40, Y. Petrov77, C. Pfendner91, R. Piegaia3, T. Pierog33, P. Pieroni3, M. Pimenta61, V. Pirronello45, M. Platino7, M. Plum37, V.H. Ponce1, M. Pontz39, A. Porcelli33, P. Privitera87, M. Prouza24, E.J. Quel2, S. Querchfeld32, J. Rautenberg32, O. Ravel31, D. Ravignani7, B. Revenu31, J. Ridky24, S. Riggi48,71, M. Risse39, P. Ristori2, H. Rivera42, C. Rivière29, V. Rizi41, J. Roberts83, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho71, I. Rodriguez Cabo71, G. Rodriguez Fernandez44,71, J. Rodriguez Martino9, J. Rodriguez Rojo9, M.D. Rodríguez-Frías69, G. Ros69, J. Rosado68, T. Rossler25, M. Roth33, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil87, E. Roulet1, A.C. Rovero5, C. Rühle34, S.J. Saffi12, A. Saftoiu62, F. Salamida26, H. Salazar51, F. Salesa Greus77, G. Salina44, F. Sánchez7, C.E. Santo61, E. Santos61, E.M. Santos20, F. Sarazin76, B. Sarkar32, S. Sarkar72, R. Sato9, N. Scharf37, V. Scherini42, H. Schieler33, P. Schiffer38, A. Schmidt34, O. Scholten56, H. Schoorlemmer55,57, J. Schovancova24, P. Schovánek24, F. Schröder33, J. Schulz55, D. Schuster76, S.J. Sciutto4, M. Scuderi45, A. Segreto48, M. Settimo39, A. Shadkam81, R.C. Shellard13, I. Sidelnik1, G. Sigl38, H.H. Silva Lopez54, O. Sima63, A. Śmiałkowski60, R. Šmída33, G.R. Snow89, P. Sommers86, J. Sorokin12, H. Spinka74,79, R. Squartini9, Y.N. Srivastava84, S. Stanic66, J. Stapleton85, J. Stasielak59, P. Stassi29, M. Stephan37, M. Straub37, A. Stutz29, F. Suarez7, T. Suomijärvi26, A.D. Supanitsky5, T. Šuša22, M.S. Sutherland81, J. Swain84, Z. Szadkowski60, M. Szuba33, A. Tapia7, M. Tartare29, O. Taşcău32, R. Tcaciuc39, N.T. Thao93, D. Thomas77, J. Tiffenberg3, C. Timmermans55,57, W. Tkaczyj60,94, C.J. Todero Peixoto14, G. Toma62, L. Tomankova24, B. Tomé61, A. Tonachini46, G. Torralba Elipe71, D. Torres Machado31, P. Travnicek24, D.B. Tridapalli15, E. Trovato45, M. Tueros71, R. Ulrich33, M. Unger33, M. Urban27, J.F. Valdés Galicia54, I. Valiño71, L. Valore43, G. van Aar55, A.M. van den Berg56, S. van Velzen55, A. van Vliet38, E. Varela51, B. Vargas Cárdenas54, G. Varner88, J.R. Vázquez68, R.A. Vázquez71, D. Veberič65,66, V. Verzi44, J. Vicha24, M. Videla8, L. Villaseñor53, H. Wahlberg4, P. Wahrlich12, O. Wainberg7,11, D. Walz37, A.A. Watson73, M. Weber34, K. Weidenhaupt37, A. Weindl33, F. Werner33, S. Westerhoff91, B.J. Whelan86, A. Widom84, G. Wieczorek60, L. Wiencke76, B. Wilczyńska59,94, H. Wilczyński59, M. Will33, C. Williams87, T. Winchen37, M. Wommer33, B. Wundheiler7, T. Yamamoto87,95, T. Yapici82, P. Younk39,80, G. Yuan81, A. Yushkov71, B. Zamorano Garcia70, E. Zas71, D. Zavrtanik65,66, M. Zavrtanik65,66, I. Zaw83,98, A. Zepeda52,96, J. Zhou87, Y. Zhu34, M. Zimbres Silva16,32 and M. Ziolkowski39
Published 26 November 2012 •
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Journal of Instrumentation,
Volume 7,
November 2012
Citation P. Abreu et al 2012 JINST7 P11023DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/7/11/P11023
We describe the experimental setup and the results of RAuger, a small radio-antenna array, consisting of three fully autonomous and self-triggered radio-detection stations, installed close to the center of the Surface Detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. The setup has been designed for the detection of the electric field strength of air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays, without using an auxiliary trigger from another detection system. Installed in December 2006, RAuger was terminated in May 2010 after 65 registered coincidences with the SD. The sky map in local angular coordinates (i.e., zenith and azimuth angles) of these events reveals a strong azimuthal asymmetry which is in agreement with a mechanism dominated by a geomagnetic emission process. The correlation between the electric field and the energy of the primary cosmic ray is presented for the first time, in an energy range covering two orders of magnitude between 0.1 EeV and 10 EeV. It is demonstrated that this setup is relatively more sensitive to inclined showers, with respect to the SD. In addition to these results, which underline the potential of the radio-detection technique, important information about the general behavior of self-triggering radio-detection systems has been obtained. In particular, we will discuss radio self-triggering under varying local electric-field conditions.