Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

The DUNE Collaboration; A. Abed Abud; B. Abi; R. Acciarri; M.A. Acero; M.R. Adames; G. Adamov; D. Adams; M. Adinolfi; A. Aduszkiewicz; J. Aguilar; Z. Ahmad; J. Ahmed; B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh; T. Alion; K. Allison; S. Alonso Monsalve; M. Alrashed; C. Alt; A. Alton; P. Amedo; J. Anderson; C. Andreopoulos; M. Andreotti; M.P. Andrews; F. Andrianala; S. Andringa; N. Anfimov; A. Ankowski; M. Antoniassi; M. Antonova; A. Antoshkin; S. Antusch; A. Aranda-Fernandez; A. Ariga; L.O. Arnold; M.A. Arroyave; J. Asaadi; L. Asquith; A. Aurisano; V. Aushev; D. Autiero; M. Ayala-Torres; F. Azfar; A. Back; H. Back; J.J. Back; C. Backhouse; P. Baesso; I. Bagaturia; L. Bagby; N. Balashov; S. Balasubramanian; P. Baldi; B. Baller; B. Bambah; F. Barao; G. Barenboim; G.J. Barker; W. Barkhouse; C. Barnes; G. Barr; J. Barranco Monarca; A. Barros; N. Barros; J.L. Barrow; A. Basharina-Freshville; A. Bashyal; V. Basque; E. Belchior; J.B.R. Battat; F. Battisti; F. Bay; J.L. Bazo Alba; J.F. Beacom; E. Bechetoille; B. Behera; L. Bellantoni; G. Bellettini; V. Bellini; O. Beltramello; D. Belver; N. Benekos; C. Benitez Montiel; F. Bento Neves; J. Berger; S. Berkman; P. Bernardini; R.M. Berner; H. Berns; S. Bertolucci; M. Betancourt; A. Betancur Rodríguez; A. Bevan; T.J.C. Bezerra; M. Bhattacharjee; S. Bhuller; B. Bhuyan; S. Biagi; J. Bian; M. Biassoni; K. Biery; B. Bilki; M. Bishai; A. Bitadze; A. Blake; F.D.M. Blaszczyk; G.C. Blazey; E. Blucher; J. Boissevain; S. Bolognesi; T. Bolton; L. Bomben; M. Bonesini; M. Bongrand; F. Bonini; A. Booth; C. Booth; F. Boran; S. Bordoni; A. Borkum; T. Boschi; N. Bostan; P. Bour; C. Bourgeois; S.B. Boyd; D. Boyden; J. Bracinik; D. Braga; D. Brailsford; A. Branca; A. Brandt; J. Bremer; C. Brew; E. Brianne; S.J. Brice; C. Brizzolari; C. Bromberg; G. Brooijmans; J. Brooke; A. Bross; G. Brunetti; M. Brunetti; N. Buchanan; H. Budd; I. Butorov; I. Cagnoli; D. Caiulo; R. Calabrese; P. Calafiura; J. Calcutt; M. Calin; S. Calvez; E. Calvo; A. Caminata; M. Campanelli; K. Cankocak; D. Caratelli; G. Carini; B. Carlus; M.F. Carneiro; P. Carniti; I. Caro Terrazas; H. Carranza; T. Carroll; J.F. Casta; A. Castillo; C. Castromonte; E. Catano-Mur; C. Cattadori; F. Cavalier; F. Cavanna; S. Centro; G. Cerati; A. Cervelli; A. Cervera Villanueva; M. Chalifour; A. Chappell; E. Chardonnet; N. Charitonidis; A. Chatterjee; S. Chattopadhyay; H. Chen; K. Chen; M. Chen; Y. Chen; Z. Chen; Y. Cheon; D. Cherdack; C. Chi; S. Childress; A. Chiriacescu; G. Chisnall; K. Cho; S. Choate; D. Chokheli; P.S. Chong; S. Choubey; A. Christensen; D. Christian; G. Christodoulou; A. Chukanov; M. Chung; E. Church; V. Cicero; P. Clarke; T.E. Coan; A.G. Cocco; J.A.B. Coelho; E. Conley; R. Conley; J.M. Conrad; M. Convery; S. Copello; L. Corwin; R. Valentim; L. Cremaldi; L. Cremonesi; J.I. Crespo-Anadón; M. Crisler; E. Cristaldo; R. Cross; A. Cudd; C. Cuesta; Y. Cui; D. Cussans; M. Dabrowski; O. Dalager; H. da Motta; L. Da Silva Peres; C. David; Q. David; G.S. Davies; S. Davini; J. Dawson; K. De; R.M. De Almeida; P. Debbins; I. De Bonis; M.P. Decowski; A. de Gouvêa; P.C. De Holanda; I.L. De Icaza Astiz; A. Deisting; P. De Jong; A. Delbart; D. Delepine; M. Delgado; A. Dell'Acqua; P. De Lurgio; J.R.T. de Mello Neto; D.M. DeMuth; S. Dennis; C. Densham; G.W. Deptuch; A. De Roeck; V. De Romeri; G. De Souza; R. Devi; R. Dharmapalan; M. Dias; F. Diaz; J.S. Díaz; S. Di Domizio; L. Di Giulio; P. Ding; L. Di Noto; C. Distefano; R. Diurba; M. Diwan; Z. Djurcic; D. Doering; S. Dolan; F. Dolek; M.J. Dolinski; L. Domine; D. Douglas; D. Douillet; G. Drake; F. Drielsma; L. Duarte; D. Duchesneau; K. Duffy; P. Dunne; T. Durkin; H. Duyang; O. Dvornikov; D.A. Dwyer; A.S. Dyshkant; M. Eads; A. Earle; D. Edmunds; J. Eisch; L. Emberger; S. Emery; A. Ereditato; T. Erjavec; C.O. Escobar; G. Eurin; J.J. Evans; E. Ewart; A.C. Ezeribe; K. Fahey; A. Falcone; M. Fani'; C. Farnese; Y. Farzan; D. Fedoseev; J. Felix; Y. Feng; E. Fernandez-Martinez; P. Fernandez Menendez; M. Fernandez Morales; F. Ferraro; L. Fields; P. Filip; F. Filthaut; A. Fiorentini; M. Fiorini; R.S. Fitzpatrick; W. Flanagan; B. Fleming; R. Flight; D.V. Forero; J. Fowler; W. Fox; J. Franc; K. Francis; D. Franco; J. Freeman; J. Freestone; J. Fried; A. Friedland; F. Fuentes Robayo; S. Fuess; I. Furic; A.P. Furmanski; A. Gabrielli; A. Gago; H. Gallagher; A. Gallas; A. Gallego-Ros; N. Gallice; V. Galymov; E. Gamberini; T. Gamble; F. Ganacim; R. Gandhi; R. Gandrajula; F. Gao; S. Gao; A.C. Garcia B.; D. Garcia-Gamez; M.Á. García-Peris; S. Gardiner; D. Gastler; J. Gauvreau; G. Ge; B. Gelli; A. Gendotti; S. Gent; Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam; P. Giammaria; T. Giammaria; D. Gibin; I. Gil-Botella; S. Gilligan; C. Girerd; A.K. Giri; D. Gnani; O. Gogota; M. Gold; S. Gollapinni; K. Gollwitzer; R.A. Gomes; L.V. Gomez Bermeo; L.S. Gomez Fajardo; F. Gonnella; J.A. Gonzalez-Cuevas; D. Gonzalez Diaz; M. Gonzalez-Lopez; M.C. Goodman; O. Goodwin; S. Goswami; C. Gotti; E. Goudzovski; C. Grace; M. Graham; R. Gran; E. Granados; P. Granger; A. Grant; C. Grant; D. Gratieri; P. Green; L. Greenler; J. Greer; J. Grenard; W.C. Griffith; M. Groh; J. Grudzinski; K. Grzelak; W. Gu; E. Guardincerri; V. Guarino; M. Guarise; R. Guenette; E. Guerard; M. Guerzoni; A. Guglielmi; B. Guo; K.K. Guthikonda; R. Gutierrez; P. Guzowski; M.M. Guzzo; S. Gwon; C. Ha; A. Habig; H. Hadavand; R. Haenni; A. Hahn; J. Haiston; P. Hamacher-Baumann; T. Hamernik; P. Hamilton; J. Han; D.A. Harris; J. Hartnell; J. Harton; T. Hasegawa; C. Hasnip; R. Hatcher; K.W. Hatfield; A. Hatzikoutelis; C. Hayes; K. Hayrapetyan; J. Hays; E. Hazen; M. He; A. Heavey; K.M. Heeger; J. Heise; K. Hennessy; S. Henry; M.A. Hernandez Morquecho; K. Herner; L. Hertel; J. Hewes; A. Higuera; T. Hill; S.J. Hillier; A. Himmel; L.R. Hirsch; J. Ho; J. Hoff; A. Holin; E. Hoppe; G.A. Horton-Smith; M. Hostert; A. Hourlier; B. Howard; R. Howell; I. Hristova; M.S. Hronek; J. Huang; J. Huang; J. Hugon; G. Iles; N. Ilic; A.M. Iliescu; R. Illingworth; G. Ingratta; A. Ioannisian; L. Isenhower; R. Itay; A. Izmaylov; C.M. Jackson; V. Jain; E. James; W. Jang; B. Jargowsky; F. Jediny; D. Jena; Y.S. Jeong; C. Jesús-Valls; X. Ji; L. Jiang; S. Jiménez; A. Jipa; R. Johnson; N. Johnston; B. Jones; S.B. Jones; M. Judah; C.K. Jung; T. Junk; Y. Jwa; M. Kabirnezhad; A. Kaboth; I. Kadenko; D. Kalra; I. Kakorin; A. Kalitkina; F. Kamiya; N. Kaneshige; G. Karagiorgi; G. Karaman; A. Karcher; M. Karolak; Y. Karyotakis; S. Kasai; S.P. Kasetti; L. Kashur; N. Kazaryan; E. Kearns; P. Keener; K.J. Kelly; E. Kemp; O. Kemularia; W. Ketchum; S.H. Kettell; M. Khabibullin; A. Khotjantsev; A. Khvedelidze; D. Kim; B. King; B. Kirby; M. Kirby; J. Klein; K. Koehler; L.W. Koerner; S. Kohn; P.P. Koller; L. Kolupaeva; D. Korablev; M. Kordosky; T. Kosc; U. Kose; V.A. Kostelecký; K. Kothekar; F. Krennrich; I. Kreslo; W. Kropp; Y. Kudenko; V.A. Kudryavtsev; S. Kulagin; J. Kumar; P. Kumar; P. Kunze; C. Kuruppu; V. Kus; T. Kutter; J. Kvasnicka; D. Kwak; A. Lambert; B.J. Land; K. Lande; C.E. Lane; K. Lang; T. Langford; M. Langstaff; J. Larkin; P. Lasorak; D. Last; C. Lastoria; A. Laundrie; G. Laurenti; A. Lawrence; I. Lazanu; R. LaZur; M. Lazzaroni; T. Le; S. Leardini; J. Learned; P. LeBrun; T. LeCompte; C. Lee; S.Y. Lee; G. Lehmann Miotto; R. Lehnert; M.A. Leigui de Oliveira; M. Leitner; L.M. Lepin; L. Li; S.W. Li; T. Li; Y. Li; H. Liao; C.S. Lin; Q. Lin; S. Lin; J. Ling; A. Lister; B.R. Littlejohn; J. Liu; S. Lockwitz; T. Loew; M. Lokajicek; I. Lomidze; K. Long; K. Loo; T. Lord; J.M. LoSecco; W.C. Louis; X.-G. Lu; K.B. Luk; X. Luo; E. Luppi; N. Lurkin; T. Lux; V.P. Luzio; D. MacFarlane; A.A. Machado; P. Machado; C.T. Macias; J.R. Macier; A. Maddalena; A. Madera; P. Madigan; S. Magill; K. Mahn; A. Maio; A. Major; J.A. Maloney; G. Mandrioli; R.C. Mandujano; J. Maneira; L. Manenti; S. Manly; A. Mann; K. Manolopoulos; M. Manrique Plata; V.N. Manyam; L. Manzanillas; M. Marchan; A. Marchionni; W. Marciano; D. Marfatia; C. Mariani; J. Maricic; R. Marie; F. Marinho; A.D. Marino; D. Marsden; M. Marshak; C.M. Marshall; J. Marshall; J. Marteau; J. Martin-Albo; N. Martinez; D.A. Martinez Caicedo; S. Martynenko; V. Mascagna; K. Mason; A. Mastbaum; M. Masud; F. Matichard; S. Matsuno; J. Matthews; C. Mauger; N. Mauri; K. Mavrokoridis; I. Mawby; R. Mazza; A. Mazzacane; E. Mazzucato; T. McAskill; E. McCluskey; N. McConkey; K.S. McFarland; C. McGrew; A. McNab; A. Mefodiev; P. Mehta; P. Melas; O. Mena; S. Menary; H. Mendez; P. Mendez; D.P. M; A. Menegolli; G. Meng; M.D. Messier; W. Metcalf; T. Mettler; M. Mewes; H. Meyer; T. Miao; G. Michna; T. Miedema; V. Mikola; R. Milincic; G. Miller; W. Miller; J. Mills; C. Milne; O. Mineev; O.G. Miranda; S. Miryala; C.S. Mishra; S.R. Mishra; A. Mislivec; D. Mladenov; I. Mocioiu; K. Moffat; N. Moggi; R. Mohanta; T.A. Mohayai; N. Mokhov; J. Molina; L. Molina Bueno; E. Montagna; A. Montanari; C. Montanari; D. Montanari; L.M. Montano Zetina; J. Moon; S.H. Moon; M. Mooney; A.F. Moor; D. Moreno; C. Morris; C. Mossey; E. Motuk; C.A. Moura; J. Mousseau; G. Mouster; W. Mu; L. Mualem; J. Mueller; M. Muether; S. Mufson; F. Muheim; A. Muir; M. Mulhearn; D. Munford; H. Muramatsu; S. Murphy; J. Musser; J. Nachtman; S. Nagu; M. Nalbandyan; R. Nandakumar; D. Naples; S. Narita; A. Nath; D. Navas-Nicolás; A. Navrer-Agasson; N. Nayak; M. Nebot-Guinot; K. Negishi; J.K. Nelson; J. Nesbit; M. Nessi; D. Newbold; M. Newcomer; D. Newhart; H. Newton; R. Nichol; F. Nicolas-Arnaldos; E. Niner; K. Nishimura; A. Norman; A. Norrick; R. Northrop; P. Novella; J.A. Nowak; M. Oberling; J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux; A. Olivares Del Campo; A. Olivier; A. Olshevskiy; Y. Onel; Y. Onishchuk; J. Ott; L. Pagani; S. Pakvasa; G. Palacio; O. Palamara; S. Palestini; J.M. Paley; M. Pallavicini; C. Palomares; J.L. Palomino-Gallo; W. Panduro Vazquez; E. Pantic; V. Paolone; V. Papadimitriou; R. Papaleo; A. Papanestis; S. Paramesvaran; S. Parke; E. Parozzi; Z. Parsa; M. Parvu; S. Pascoli; L. Pasqualini; J. Pasternak; J. Pater; C. Patrick; L. Patrizii; R.B. Patterson; S.J. Patton; T. Patzak; A. Paudel; B. Paulos; L. Paulucci; Z. Pavlovic; G. Pawloski; D. Payne; V. Pec; S.J.M. Peeters; E. Pennacchio; A. Penzo; O.L.G. Peres; J. Perry; D. Pershey; G. Pessina; G. Petrillo; C. Petta; R. Petti; F. Piastra; L. Pickering; F. Pietropaolo; R. Plunkett; R. Poling; X. Pons; N. Poonthottathil; F. Poppi; S. Pordes; J. Porter; M. Potekhin; R. Potenza; B.V.K.S. Potukuchi; J. Pozimski; M. Pozzato; S. Prakash; T. Prakash; M. Prest; S. Prince; F. Psihas; D. Pugnere; X. Qian; M.C. Queiroga Bazetto; J.L. Raaf; V. Radeka; J. Rademacker; B. Radics; A. Rafique; E. Raguzin; M. Rai; M. Rajaoalisoa; I. Rakhno; A. Rakotonandrasana; L. Rakotondravohitra; Y.A. Ramachers; R. Rameika; M.A. Ramirez Delgado; B. Ramson; A. Rappoldi; G. Raselli; P. Ratoff; S. Raut; R.F. Razakamiandra; E. Rea; J.S. Real; B. Rebel; M. Reggiani-Guzzo; T. Rehak; J. Reichenbacher; S.D. Reitzner; H. Rejeb Sfar; A. Renshaw; S. Rescia; F. Resnati; A. Reynolds; M. Ribas; S. Riboldi; C. Riccio; G. Riccobene; L.C.J. Rice; J. Ricol; A. Rigamonti; Y. Rigaut; D. Rivera; A. Robert; L. Rochester; M. Roda; P. Rodrigues; M.J. Rodriguez Alonso; E. Rodriguez Bonilla; J. Rodriguez Rondon; L.A. Romo Villa; S. Rosauro-Alcaraz; M. Rosenberg; P. Rosier; B. Roskovec; M. Rossella; M. Rossi; J. Rout; P. Roy; S. Roy; A. Rubbia; C. Rubbia; F.C. Rubio; B. Russell; D. Ruterbories; A. Rybnikov; A. Saa-Hernandez; R. Saakyan; S. Sacerdoti; T. Safford; N. Sahu; P. Sala; N. Samios; O. Samoylov; M.C. Sanchez; V. Sandberg; D.A. Sanders; D. Sankey; S. Santana; M. Santos-Maldonado; N. Saoulidou; P. Sapienza; C. Sarasty; I. Sarcevic; G. Savage; V. Savinov; A. Scaramelli; A. Scarff; A. Scarpelli; T. Schaffer; H. Schellman; S. Schifano; P. Schlabach; D. Schmitz; K. Scholberg; A. Schukraft; E. Segreto; A. Selyunin; C.R. Senise; J. Sensenig; M. Seoane; I. Seong; A. Sergi; D. Sgalaberna; M.H. Shaevitz; S. Shafaq; M. Shamma; R. Sharankova; H.R. Sharma; R. Sharma; R. Kumar; T. Shaw; C. Shepherd-Themistocleous; A. Sheshukov; S. Shin; I. Shoemaker; D. Shooltz; R. Shrock; H. Siegel; L. Simard; F. Simon; N. Simos; J. Sinclair; G. Sinev; J. Singh; J. Singh; L. Singh; V. Singh; R. Sipos; F.W. Sippach; G. Sirri; A. Sitraka; K. Siyeon; K. Skarpaas; A. Smith; E. Smith; P. Smith; J. Smolik; M. Smy; E.L. Snider; P. Snopok; D. Snowden-Ifft; M. Soares Nunes; H. Sobel; M. Soderberg; S. Sokolov; C.J. Solano Salinas; S. Söldner-Rembold; S.R. Soleti; N. Solomey; V. Solovov; W.E. Sondheim; M. Sorel; A. Sotnikov; J. Soto-Oton; A. Sousa; K. Soustruznik; F. Spagliardi; M. Spanu; J. Spitz; N.J.C. Spooner; K. Spurgeon; R. Staley; M. Stancari; L. Stanco; R. Stanley; R. Stein; H.M. Steiner; A.F. Steklain Lisbôa; J. Stewart; B. Stillwell; J. Stock; F. Stocker; T. Stokes; M. Strait; T. Strauss; S. Striganov; A. Stuart; J.G. Suarez; H. Sullivan; D. Summers; A. Surdo; V. Susic; L. Suter; C.M. Sutera; R. Svoboda; B. Szczerbinska; A.M. Szelc; H. A. Tanaka; B. Tapia Oregui; A. Tapper; S. Tariq; E. Tatar; R. Tayloe; A.M. Teklu; M. Tenti; K. Terao; C.A. Ternes; F. Terranova; G. Testera; T. Thakore; A. Thea; J.L. Thompson; C. Thorn; S.C. Timm; V. Tishchenko; J. Todd; L. Tomassetti; A. Tonazzo; D. Torbunov; M. Torti; M. Tortola; F. Tortorici; N. Tosi; D. Totani; M. Toups; C. Touramanis; R. Travaglini; J. Trevor; S. Trilov; W.H. Trzaska; Y. Tsai; Y.-T. Tsai; Z. Tsamalaidze; K.V. Tsang; N. Tsverava; S. Tufanli; C. Tull; E. Tyley; M. Tzanov; L. Uboldi; M.A. Uchida; J. Urheim; T. Usher; S. Uzunyan; M.R. Vagins; P. Vahle; G.A. Valdiviesso; E. Valencia; V. Pia; Z. Vallari; E. Vallazza; J.W.F. Valle; S. Vallecorsa; R. Van Berg; R.G. Van de Water; F. Varanini; D. Vargas; G. Varner; J. Vasel; S. Vasina; G. Vasseur; N. Vaughan; K. Vaziri; S. Ventura; A. Verdugo; S. Vergani; M.A. Vermeulen; M. Verzocchi; M. Vicenzi; H. Vieira de Souza; C. Vignoli; C. Vilela; B. Viren; T. Vrba; T. Wachala; A.V. Waldron; M. Wallbank; C. Wallis; H. Wang; J. Wang; L. Wang; M.H.L.S. Wang; Y. Wang; Y. Wang; K. Warburton; D. Warner; M.O. Wascko; D. Waters; A. Watson; P. Weatherly; A. Weber; M. Weber; H. Wei; A. Weinstein; D. Wenman; M. Wetstein; A. White; L.H. Whitehead; D. Whittington; M.J. Wilking; C. Wilkinson; Z. Williams; F. Wilson; R.J. Wilson; W. Wisniewski; J. Wolcott; T. Wongjirad; A. Wood; K. Wood; E. Worcester; M. Worcester; C. Wret; W. Wu; W. Wu; Y. Xiao; F. Xie; E. Yandel; G. Yang; K. Yang; S. Yang; T. Yang; A. Yankelevich; N. Yershov; K. Yonehara; T. Young; B. Yu; H. Yu; H. Yu; J. Yu; W. Yuan; R. Zaki; J. Zalesak; L. Zambelli; B. Zamorano; A. Zani; L. Zazueta; G.P. Zeller; J. Zennamo; K. Zeug; C. Zhang; M. Zhao; E. Zhivun; G. Zhu; P. Zilberman; E.D. Zimmerman; M. Zito; S. Zucchelli; J. Zuklin; V. Zutshi; R. Zwaska

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/P01005

Journal of Instrumentation

paper • The following article is Open access

Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

The DUNE Collaboration, A. Abed Abud^125,25, B. Abi¹⁵¹, R. Acciarri⁶⁵, M.A. Acero¹¹, M.R. Adames¹⁸⁵, G. Adamov⁷⁰, D. Adams²¹, M. Adinolfi²⁰, A. Aduszkiewicz⁷⁹, J. Aguilar¹²⁴, Z. Ahmad¹⁹⁷, J. Ahmed²⁰⁰, B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh^85,37, T. Alion¹⁸³, K. Allison⁴⁴, S. Alonso Monsalve^25,57, M. Alrashed¹¹⁸, C. Alt⁵⁷, A. Alton¹², P. Amedo⁸³, J. Anderson⁷, C. Andreopoulos^170,125, M. Andreotti^86,66, M.P. Andrews⁶⁵, F. Andrianala⁵, S. Andringa¹²², N. Anfimov¹¹⁰, A. Ankowski¹⁷¹, M. Antoniassi¹⁸⁵, M. Antonova⁸², A. Antoshkin¹¹⁰, S. Antusch¹⁴, A. Aranda-Fernandez⁴³, A. Ariga¹⁵, L.O. Arnold⁴⁶, M.A. Arroyave⁵⁶, J. Asaadi¹⁸⁹, L. Asquith¹⁸³, A. Aurisano⁴¹, V. Aushev¹²¹, D. Autiero⁹⁶, M. Ayala-Torres⁴², F. Azfar¹⁵¹, A. Back¹⁰⁴, H. Back¹⁵², J.J. Back²⁰⁰, C. Backhouse¹⁹⁵, P. Baesso²⁰, I. Bagaturia⁷⁰, L. Bagby⁶⁵, N. Balashov¹¹⁰, S. Balasubramanian⁶⁵, P. Baldi³⁰, B. Baller⁶⁵, B. Bambah⁸⁰, F. Barao^122,98, G. Barenboim⁸², G.J. Barker²⁰⁰, W. Barkhouse¹⁴⁴, C. Barnes¹³⁴, G. Barr¹⁵¹, J. Barranco Monarca⁷⁵, A. Barros¹⁸⁵, N. Barros^122,59, J.L. Barrow^186,65, A. Basharina-Freshville¹⁹⁵, A. Bashyal¹⁵⁰, V. Basque¹³⁰, E. Belchior³⁶, J.B.R. Battat²⁰¹, F. Battisti¹⁵¹, F. Bay⁴, J.L. Bazo Alba¹⁶², J.F. Beacom¹⁴⁹, E. Bechetoille⁹⁶, B. Behera⁴⁵, L. Bellantoni⁶⁵, G. Bellettini¹⁶⁰, V. Bellini^85,37, O. Beltramello²⁵, D. Belver²⁶, N. Benekos²⁵, C. Benitez Montiel⁹, F. Bento Neves¹²², J. Berger⁴⁵, S. Berkman⁶⁵, P. Bernardini^88,173, R.M. Berner¹⁵, H. Berns²⁹, S. Bertolucci^84,18, M. Betancourt⁶⁵, A. Betancur Rodríguez⁵⁶, A. Bevan¹⁶⁵, T.J.C. Bezerra¹⁸³, M. Bhattacharjee¹⁰², S. Bhuller²⁰, B. Bhuyan¹⁰², S. Biagi⁹⁴, J. Bian³⁰, M. Biassoni⁸⁹, K. Biery⁶⁵, B. Bilki^16,107, M. Bishai²¹, A. Bitadze¹³⁰, A. Blake¹²³, F.D.M. Blaszczyk⁶⁵, G.C. Blazey¹⁴⁵, E. Blucher³⁹, J. Boissevain¹²⁶, S. Bolognesi²⁴, T. Bolton¹¹⁸, L. Bomben^89,106, M. Bonesini^89,136, M. Bongrand¹⁵⁴, F. Bonini²¹, A. Booth¹⁶⁵, C. Booth¹⁷⁶, F. Boran¹⁶, S. Bordoni²⁵, A. Borkum¹⁸³, T. Boschi⁵⁵, N. Bostan^107,147, P. Bour⁴⁸, C. Bourgeois¹⁵⁴, S.B. Boyd²⁰⁰, D. Boyden¹⁴⁵, J. Bracinik¹⁷, D. Braga⁶⁵, D. Brailsford¹²³, A. Branca⁸⁹, A. Brandt¹⁸⁹, J. Bremer²⁵, C. Brew¹⁷⁰, E. Brianne¹³⁰, S.J. Brice⁶⁵, C. Brizzolari^89,136, C. Bromberg¹³⁵, G. Brooijmans⁴⁶, J. Brooke²⁰, A. Bross⁶⁵, G. Brunetti^89,136, M. Brunetti²⁰⁰, N. Buchanan⁴⁵, H. Budd¹⁶⁷, I. Butorov¹¹⁰, I. Cagnoli^84,18, D. Caiulo⁹⁶, R. Calabrese^86,66, P. Calafiura¹²⁴, J. Calcutt¹³⁵, M. Calin²², S. Calvez⁴⁵, E. Calvo²⁶, A. Caminata⁸⁷, M. Campanelli¹⁹⁵, K. Cankocak¹⁰⁷, D. Caratelli⁶⁵, G. Carini²¹, B. Carlus⁹⁶, M.F. Carneiro²¹, P. Carniti⁸⁹, I. Caro Terrazas⁴⁵, H. Carranza¹⁸⁹, T. Carroll²⁰⁴, J.F. Casta⁶, A. Castillo¹⁷⁵, C. Castromonte¹⁰⁵, E. Catano-Mur²⁰³, C. Cattadori⁸⁹, F. Cavalier¹⁵⁴, F. Cavanna⁶⁵, S. Centro¹⁵³, G. Cerati⁶⁵, A. Cervelli⁸⁴, A. Cervera Villanueva⁸², M. Chalifour²⁵, A. Chappell²⁰⁰, E. Chardonnet¹⁵⁵, N. Charitonidis²⁵, A. Chatterjee¹⁶¹, S. Chattopadhyay¹⁹⁷, H. Chen²¹, K. Chen²¹, M. Chen³⁰, Y. Chen¹⁵, Z. Chen¹⁸¹, Y. Cheon¹⁹³, D. Cherdack⁷⁹, C. Chi⁴⁶, S. Childress⁶⁵, A. Chiriacescu²², G. Chisnall¹⁸³, K. Cho¹¹⁶, S. Choate¹⁴⁵, D. Chokheli⁷⁰, P.S. Chong¹⁵⁷, S. Choubey⁷⁶, A. Christensen⁴⁵, D. Christian⁶⁵, G. Christodoulou²⁵, A. Chukanov¹¹⁰, M. Chung¹⁹³, E. Church¹⁵², V. Cicero^84,18, P. Clarke⁵⁸, T.E. Coan¹⁸⁰, A.G. Cocco⁹¹, J.A.B. Coelho¹⁵⁵, E. Conley⁵⁴, R. Conley¹⁷¹, J.M. Conrad¹³¹, M. Convery¹⁷¹, S. Copello⁸⁷, L. Corwin¹⁷⁷, R. Valentim¹⁹⁴, L. Cremaldi¹⁴⁰, L. Cremonesi¹⁶⁵, J.I. Crespo-Anadón²⁶, M. Crisler⁶⁵, E. Cristaldo⁹, R. Cross¹²³, A. Cudd⁴⁴, C. Cuesta²⁶, Y. Cui³², D. Cussans²⁰, M. Dabrowski²¹, O. Dalager³⁰, H. da Motta²³, L. Da Silva Peres⁶⁴, C. David^207,65, Q. David⁹⁶, G.S. Davies¹⁴⁰, S. Davini⁸⁷, J. Dawson¹⁵⁵, K. De¹⁸⁹, R.M. De Almeida⁶⁸, P. Debbins¹⁰⁷, I. De Bonis⁵¹, M.P. Decowski^143,3, A. de Gouvêa¹⁴⁶, P.C. De Holanda³⁶, I.L. De Icaza Astiz¹⁸³, A. Deisting¹⁶⁸, P. De Jong^143,3, A. Delbart²⁴, D. Delepine⁷⁵, M. Delgado⁶, A. Dell'Acqua²⁵, P. De Lurgio⁷, J.R.T. de Mello Neto⁶⁴, D.M. DeMuth¹⁹⁶, S. Dennis³⁵, C. Densham¹⁷⁰, G.W. Deptuch²¹, A. De Roeck²⁵, V. De Romeri⁸², G. De Souza³⁶, R. Devi¹¹¹, R. Dharmapalan⁷⁸, M. Dias¹⁹⁴, F. Diaz¹⁶², J.S. Díaz¹⁰⁴, S. Di Domizio^87,69, L. Di Giulio²⁵, P. Ding⁶⁵, L. Di Noto^87,69, C. Distefano⁹⁴, R. Diurba¹³⁹, M. Diwan²¹, Z. Djurcic⁷, D. Doering¹⁷¹, S. Dolan²⁵, F. Dolek¹⁶, M.J. Dolinski⁵³, L. Domine¹⁷¹, D. Douglas¹³⁵, D. Douillet¹⁵⁴, G. Drake⁶⁵, F. Drielsma¹⁷¹, L. Duarte¹⁹⁴, D. Duchesneau⁵¹, K. Duffy⁶⁵, P. Dunne¹⁰¹, T. Durkin¹⁷⁰, H. Duyang¹⁷⁹, O. Dvornikov⁷⁸, D.A. Dwyer¹²⁴, A.S. Dyshkant¹⁴⁵, M. Eads¹⁴⁵, A. Earle¹⁸³, D. Edmunds¹³⁵, J. Eisch¹⁰⁸, L. Emberger^130,132, S. Emery²⁴, A. Ereditato²⁰⁵, T. Erjavec²⁹, C.O. Escobar⁶⁵, G. Eurin²⁴, J.J. Evans¹³⁰, E. Ewart¹⁰⁴, A.C. Ezeribe¹⁷⁶, K. Fahey⁶⁵, A. Falcone^89,136, M. Fani'¹²⁶, C. Farnese⁹², Y. Farzan⁹⁷, D. Fedoseev¹¹⁰, J. Felix⁷⁵, Y. Feng¹⁰⁸, E. Fernandez-Martinez¹²⁹, P. Fernandez Menendez⁸², M. Fernandez Morales⁸³, F. Ferraro^87,69, L. Fields¹⁴⁷, P. Filip⁴⁷, F. Filthaut^143,166, A. Fiorentini¹⁷⁷, M. Fiorini^86,66, R.S. Fitzpatrick¹³⁴, W. Flanagan⁵⁰, B. Fleming²⁰⁵, R. Flight¹⁶⁷, D.V. Forero¹³³, J. Fowler⁵⁴, W. Fox¹⁰⁴, J. Franc⁴⁸, K. Francis¹⁴⁵, D. Franco²⁰⁵, J. Freeman⁶⁵, J. Freestone¹³⁰, J. Fried²¹, A. Friedland¹⁷¹, F. Fuentes Robayo²⁰, S. Fuess⁶⁵, I. Furic⁶⁷, A.P. Furmanski¹³⁹, A. Gabrielli⁸⁴, A. Gago¹⁶², H. Gallagher¹⁹², A. Gallas¹⁵⁴, A. Gallego-Ros²⁶, N. Gallice^90,137, V. Galymov⁹⁶, E. Gamberini²⁵, T. Gamble¹⁷⁶, F. Ganacim¹⁸⁵, R. Gandhi⁷⁶, R. Gandrajula¹³⁵, F. Gao¹⁶¹, S. Gao²¹, A.C. Garcia B.³⁶, D. Garcia-Gamez⁷³, M.Á. García-Peris⁸², S. Gardiner⁶⁵, D. Gastler¹⁹, J. Gauvreau¹⁴⁸, G. Ge⁴⁶, B. Gelli³⁶, A. Gendotti⁵⁷, S. Gent¹⁷⁸, Z. Ghorbani-Moghaddam⁸⁷, P. Giammaria³⁶, T. Giammaria^86,66, D. Gibin¹⁵³, I. Gil-Botella²⁶, S. Gilligan¹⁵⁰, C. Girerd⁹⁶, A.K. Giri¹⁰³, D. Gnani¹²⁴, O. Gogota¹²¹, M. Gold¹⁴¹, S. Gollapinni¹²⁶, K. Gollwitzer⁶⁵, R.A. Gomes⁶¹, L.V. Gomez Bermeo¹⁷⁵, L.S. Gomez Fajardo¹⁷⁵, F. Gonnella¹⁷, J.A. Gonzalez-Cuevas⁹, D. Gonzalez Diaz⁸³, M. Gonzalez-Lopez¹²⁹, M.C. Goodman⁷, O. Goodwin¹³⁰, S. Goswami¹⁵⁹, C. Gotti⁸⁹, E. Goudzovski¹⁷, C. Grace¹²⁴, M. Graham¹⁷¹, R. Gran¹³⁸, E. Granados⁷⁵, P. Granger²⁴, A. Grant⁵², C. Grant¹⁹, D. Gratieri⁶⁸, P. Green¹³⁰, L. Greenler²⁰⁴, J. Greer²⁰, J. Grenard²⁵, W.C. Griffith¹⁸³, M. Groh⁴⁵, J. Grudzinski⁷, K. Grzelak¹⁹⁹, W. Gu²¹, E. Guardincerri¹²⁶, V. Guarino⁷, M. Guarise^86,66, R. Guenette⁷⁷, E. Guerard¹⁵⁴, M. Guerzoni⁸⁴, A. Guglielmi⁹², B. Guo¹⁷⁹, K.K. Guthikonda¹¹⁷, R. Gutierrez⁶, P. Guzowski¹³⁰, M.M. Guzzo³⁶, S. Gwon⁴⁰, C. Ha⁴⁰, A. Habig¹³⁸, H. Hadavand¹⁸⁹, R. Haenni¹⁵, A. Hahn⁶⁵, J. Haiston¹⁷⁷, P. Hamacher-Baumann¹⁵¹, T. Hamernik⁶⁵, P. Hamilton¹⁰¹, J. Han¹⁶¹, D.A. Harris^207,65, J. Hartnell¹⁸³, J. Harton⁴⁵, T. Hasegawa¹¹⁵, C. Hasnip¹⁵¹, R. Hatcher⁶⁵, K.W. Hatfield³⁰, A. Hatzikoutelis¹⁷⁴, C. Hayes¹⁰⁴, K. Hayrapetyan¹⁶⁵, J. Hays¹⁶⁵, E. Hazen¹⁹, M. He⁷⁹, A. Heavey⁶⁵, K.M. Heeger²⁰⁵, J. Heise¹⁷², K. Hennessy¹²⁵, S. Henry¹⁶⁷, M.A. Hernandez Morquecho¹⁰⁰, K. Herner⁶⁵, L. Hertel³⁰, J. Hewes⁴¹, A. Higuera⁷⁹, T. Hill⁹⁹, S.J. Hillier¹⁷, A. Himmel⁶⁵, L.R. Hirsch¹⁸⁵, J. Ho⁷⁷, J. Hoff⁶⁵, A. Holin¹⁷⁰, E. Hoppe¹⁵², G.A. Horton-Smith¹¹⁸, M. Hostert⁵⁵, A. Hourlier¹³¹, B. Howard⁶⁵, R. Howell¹⁶⁷, I. Hristova¹⁷⁰, M.S. Hronek⁶⁵, J. Huang¹⁹⁰, J. Huang²⁹, J. Hugon¹²⁷, G. Iles¹⁰¹, N. Ilic¹⁹¹, A.M. Iliescu⁸⁴, R. Illingworth⁶⁵, G. Ingratta^84,18, A. Ioannisian²⁰⁶, L. Isenhower¹, R. Itay¹⁷¹, A. Izmaylov⁸², C.M. Jackson¹⁵², V. Jain², E. James⁶⁵, W. Jang¹⁸⁹, B. Jargowsky³⁰, F. Jediny⁴⁸, D. Jena⁶⁵, Y.S. Jeong^40,107, C. Jesús-Valls⁸¹, X. Ji²¹, L. Jiang¹⁹⁸, S. Jiménez²⁶, A. Jipa²², R. Johnson⁴¹, N. Johnston¹⁰⁴, B. Jones¹⁸⁹, S.B. Jones¹⁹⁵, M. Judah¹⁶¹, C.K. Jung¹⁸¹, T. Junk⁶⁵, Y. Jwa⁴⁶, M. Kabirnezhad¹⁵¹, A. Kaboth^168,170, I. Kadenko¹²¹, D. Kalra⁴⁶, I. Kakorin¹¹⁰, A. Kalitkina¹¹⁰, F. Kamiya⁶³, N. Kaneshige³³, G. Karagiorgi⁴⁶, G. Karaman¹⁰⁷, A. Karcher¹²⁴, M. Karolak²⁴, Y. Karyotakis⁵¹, S. Kasai¹²⁰, S.P. Kasetti¹²⁷, L. Kashur⁴⁵, N. Kazaryan²⁰⁶, E. Kearns¹⁹, P. Keener¹⁵⁷, K.J. Kelly⁶⁵, E. Kemp³⁶, O. Kemularia⁷⁰, W. Ketchum⁶⁵, S.H. Kettell²¹, M. Khabibullin⁹⁵, A. Khotjantsev⁹⁵, A. Khvedelidze⁷⁰, D. Kim¹⁸⁷, B. King⁶⁵, B. Kirby²¹, M. Kirby⁶⁵, J. Klein¹⁵⁷, K. Koehler²⁰⁴, L.W. Koerner⁷⁹, S. Kohn^28,124, P.P. Koller¹⁵, L. Kolupaeva¹¹⁰, D. Korablev¹¹⁰, M. Kordosky²⁰³, T. Kosc⁹⁶, U. Kose²⁵, V.A. Kostelecký¹⁰⁴, K. Kothekar²⁰, F. Krennrich¹⁰⁸, I. Kreslo¹⁵, W. Kropp³⁰, Y. Kudenko⁹⁵, V.A. Kudryavtsev¹⁷⁶, S. Kulagin⁹⁵, J. Kumar⁷⁸, P. Kumar¹⁷⁶, P. Kunze⁵¹, C. Kuruppu¹⁷⁹, V. Kus⁴⁸, T. Kutter¹²⁷, J. Kvasnicka⁴⁷, D. Kwak¹⁹³, A. Lambert¹²⁴, B.J. Land¹⁵⁷, K. Lande¹⁵⁷, C.E. Lane⁵³, K. Lang¹⁹⁰, T. Langford²⁰⁵, M. Langstaff¹³⁰, J. Larkin²¹, P. Lasorak¹⁸³, D. Last¹⁵⁷, C. Lastoria²⁶, A. Laundrie²⁰⁴, G. Laurenti⁸⁴, A. Lawrence¹²⁴, I. Lazanu²², R. LaZur⁴⁵, M. Lazzaroni^90,137, T. Le¹⁹², S. Leardini⁸³, J. Learned⁷⁸, P. LeBrun⁹⁶, T. LeCompte⁷, C. Lee⁶⁵, S.Y. Lee¹¹³, G. Lehmann Miotto²⁵, R. Lehnert¹⁰⁴, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira⁶³, M. Leitner¹²⁴, L.M. Lepin¹³⁰, L. Li³⁰, S.W. Li¹⁷¹, T. Li⁵⁸, Y. Li²¹, H. Liao¹¹⁸, C.S. Lin¹²⁴, Q. Lin¹⁷¹, S. Lin¹²⁷, J. Ling¹⁸², A. Lister²⁰⁴, B.R. Littlejohn¹⁰⁰, J. Liu³⁰, S. Lockwitz⁶⁵, T. Loew¹²⁴, M. Lokajicek⁴⁷, I. Lomidze⁷⁰, K. Long¹⁰¹, K. Loo¹¹⁴, T. Lord²⁰⁰, J.M. LoSecco¹⁴⁷, W.C. Louis¹²⁶, X.-G. Lu¹⁵¹, K.B. Luk^28,124, X. Luo³³, E. Luppi^86,66, N. Lurkin¹⁷, T. Lux⁸¹, V.P. Luzio⁶³, D. MacFarlane¹⁷¹, A.A. Machado³⁶, P. Machado⁶⁵, C.T. Macias¹⁰⁴, J.R. Macier⁶⁵, A. Maddalena⁷², A. Madera²⁵, P. Madigan^28,124, S. Magill⁷, K. Mahn¹³⁵, A. Maio^122,59, A. Major⁵⁴, J.A. Maloney⁴⁹, G. Mandrioli⁸⁴, R.C. Mandujano³⁰, J. Maneira^122,59, L. Manenti¹⁹⁵, S. Manly¹⁶⁷, A. Mann¹⁹², K. Manolopoulos¹⁷⁰, M. Manrique Plata¹⁰⁴, V.N. Manyam²¹, L. Manzanillas¹⁵⁴, M. Marchan⁶⁵, A. Marchionni⁶⁵, W. Marciano²¹, D. Marfatia⁷⁸, C. Mariani¹⁹⁸, J. Maricic⁷⁸, R. Marie¹⁵⁴, F. Marinho⁶², A.D. Marino⁴⁴, D. Marsden¹³⁰, M. Marshak¹³⁹, C.M. Marshall¹⁶⁷, J. Marshall²⁰⁰, J. Marteau⁹⁶, J. Martin-Albo⁸², N. Martinez¹¹⁸, D.A. Martinez Caicedo¹⁷⁷, S. Martynenko¹⁸¹, V. Mascagna^89,106, K. Mason¹⁹², A. Mastbaum¹⁶⁹, M. Masud⁸², F. Matichard¹²⁴, S. Matsuno⁷⁸, J. Matthews¹²⁷, C. Mauger¹⁵⁷, N. Mauri^84,18, K. Mavrokoridis¹²⁵, I. Mawby²⁰⁰, R. Mazza⁸⁹, A. Mazzacane⁶⁵, E. Mazzucato²⁴, T. McAskill²⁰¹, E. McCluskey⁶⁵, N. McConkey¹³⁰, K.S. McFarland¹⁶⁷, C. McGrew¹⁸¹, A. McNab¹³⁰, A. Mefodiev⁹⁵, P. Mehta¹¹², P. Melas¹⁰, O. Mena⁸², S. Menary²⁰⁷, H. Mendez¹⁶³, P. Mendez²⁵, D.P. M²¹, A. Menegolli^93,156, G. Meng⁹², M.D. Messier¹⁰⁴, W. Metcalf¹²⁷, T. Mettler¹⁵, M. Mewes¹⁰⁴, H. Meyer²⁰², T. Miao⁶⁵, G. Michna¹⁷⁸, T. Miedema^143,166, V. Mikola¹⁹⁵, R. Milincic⁷⁸, G. Miller¹³⁰, W. Miller¹³⁹, J. Mills¹⁹², C. Milne⁹⁹, O. Mineev⁹⁵, O.G. Miranda⁴², S. Miryala²¹, C.S. Mishra⁶⁵, S.R. Mishra¹⁷⁹, A. Mislivec¹³⁹, D. Mladenov²⁵, I. Mocioiu¹⁵⁸, K. Moffat⁵⁵, N. Moggi^84,18, R. Mohanta⁸⁰, T.A. Mohayai⁶⁵, N. Mokhov⁶⁵, J. Molina⁹, L. Molina Bueno⁸², E. Montagna^84,18, A. Montanari⁸⁴, C. Montanari^93,65,156, D. Montanari⁶⁵, L.M. Montano Zetina⁴², J. Moon¹³¹, S.H. Moon¹⁹³, M. Mooney⁴⁵, A.F. Moor³⁵, D. Moreno⁶, C. Morris⁷⁹, C. Mossey⁶⁵, E. Motuk¹⁹⁵, C.A. Moura⁶³, J. Mousseau¹³⁴, G. Mouster¹²³, W. Mu⁶⁵, L. Mualem³⁴, J. Mueller⁴⁵, M. Muether²⁰², S. Mufson¹⁰⁴, F. Muheim⁵⁸, A. Muir⁵², M. Mulhearn²⁹, D. Munford⁷⁹, H. Muramatsu¹³⁹, S. Murphy⁵⁷, J. Musser¹⁰⁴, J. Nachtman¹⁰⁷, S. Nagu¹²⁸, M. Nalbandyan²⁰⁶, R. Nandakumar¹⁷⁰, D. Naples¹⁶¹, S. Narita¹⁰⁹, A. Nath¹⁰², D. Navas-Nicolás²⁶, A. Navrer-Agasson¹³⁰, N. Nayak³⁰, M. Nebot-Guinot⁵⁸, K. Negishi¹⁰⁹, J.K. Nelson²⁰³, J. Nesbit²⁰⁴, M. Nessi²⁵, D. Newbold¹⁷⁰, M. Newcomer¹⁵⁷, D. Newhart⁶⁵, H. Newton⁵², R. Nichol¹⁹⁵, F. Nicolas-Arnaldos⁷³, E. Niner⁶⁵, K. Nishimura⁷⁸, A. Norman⁶⁵, A. Norrick⁶⁵, R. Northrop³⁹, P. Novella⁸², J.A. Nowak¹²³, M. Oberling⁷, J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux³⁰, A. Olivares Del Campo⁵⁵, A. Olivier¹⁶⁷, A. Olshevskiy¹¹⁰, Y. Onel¹⁰⁷, Y. Onishchuk¹²¹, J. Ott³⁰, L. Pagani²⁹, S. Pakvasa⁷⁸, G. Palacio⁵⁶, O. Palamara⁶⁵, S. Palestini²⁵, J.M. Paley⁶⁵, M. Pallavicini^87,69, C. Palomares²⁶, J.L. Palomino-Gallo¹⁸¹, W. Panduro Vazquez¹⁶⁸, E. Pantic²⁹, V. Paolone¹⁶¹, V. Papadimitriou⁶⁵, R. Papaleo⁹⁴, A. Papanestis¹⁷⁰, S. Paramesvaran²⁰, S. Parke⁶⁵, E. Parozzi^89,136, Z. Parsa²¹, M. Parvu²², S. Pascoli^55,18, L. Pasqualini^84,18, J. Pasternak¹⁰¹, J. Pater¹³⁰, C. Patrick¹⁹⁵, L. Patrizii⁸⁴, R.B. Patterson³⁴, S.J. Patton¹²⁴, T. Patzak¹⁵⁵, A. Paudel¹¹⁸, B. Paulos²⁰⁴, L. Paulucci⁶³, Z. Pavlovic⁶⁵, G. Pawloski¹³⁹, D. Payne¹²⁵, V. Pec¹⁷⁶, S.J.M. Peeters¹⁸³, E. Pennacchio⁹⁶, A. Penzo¹⁰⁷, O.L.G. Peres³⁶, J. Perry⁵⁸, D. Pershey⁵⁴, G. Pessina⁸⁹, G. Petrillo¹⁷¹, C. Petta^85,37, R. Petti¹⁷⁹, F. Piastra¹⁵, L. Pickering¹³⁵, F. Pietropaolo^25,92, R. Plunkett⁶⁵, R. Poling¹³⁹, X. Pons²⁵, N. Poonthottathil¹⁰⁸, F. Poppi^84,18, S. Pordes⁶⁵, J. Porter¹⁸³, M. Potekhin²¹, R. Potenza^85,37, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi¹¹¹, J. Pozimski¹⁰¹, M. Pozzato^84,18, S. Prakash³⁶, T. Prakash¹²⁴, M. Prest⁸⁹, S. Prince⁷⁷, F. Psihas⁶⁵, D. Pugnere⁹⁶, X. Qian²¹, M.C. Queiroga Bazetto³⁶, J.L. Raaf⁶⁵, V. Radeka²¹, J. Rademacker²⁰, B. Radics⁵⁷, A. Rafique⁷, E. Raguzin²¹, M. Rai²⁰⁰, M. Rajaoalisoa⁴¹, I. Rakhno⁶⁵, A. Rakotonandrasana⁵, L. Rakotondravohitra⁵, Y.A. Ramachers²⁰⁰, R. Rameika⁶⁵, M.A. Ramirez Delgado⁷⁵, B. Ramson⁶⁵, A. Rappoldi^93,156, G. Raselli^93,156, P. Ratoff¹²³, S. Raut¹⁸¹, R.F. Razakamiandra⁵, E. Rea¹³⁹, J.S. Real⁷⁴, B. Rebel^204,65, M. Reggiani-Guzzo¹³⁰, T. Rehak⁵³, J. Reichenbacher¹⁷⁷, S.D. Reitzner⁶⁵, H. Rejeb Sfar²⁵, A. Renshaw⁷⁹, S. Rescia²¹, F. Resnati²⁵, A. Reynolds¹⁵¹, M. Ribas¹⁸⁵, S. Riboldi⁹⁰, C. Riccio¹⁸¹, G. Riccobene⁹⁴, L.C.J. Rice¹⁶¹, J. Ricol⁷⁴, A. Rigamonti²⁵, Y. Rigaut⁵⁷, D. Rivera¹⁵⁷, A. Robert⁷⁴, L. Rochester¹⁷¹, M. Roda¹²⁵, P. Rodrigues¹⁵¹, M.J. Rodriguez Alonso²⁵, E. Rodriguez Bonilla⁶, J. Rodriguez Rondon¹⁷⁷, L.A. Romo Villa¹⁸⁹, S. Rosauro-Alcaraz¹²⁹, M. Rosenberg¹⁶¹, P. Rosier¹⁵⁴, B. Roskovec³⁰, M. Rossella^93,156, M. Rossi²⁵, J. Rout¹¹², P. Roy²⁰², S. Roy⁷⁶, A. Rubbia⁵⁷, C. Rubbia⁷¹, F.C. Rubio⁸², B. Russell¹²⁴, D. Ruterbories¹⁶⁷, A. Rybnikov¹¹⁰, A. Saa-Hernandez⁸³, R. Saakyan¹⁹⁵, S. Sacerdoti¹⁵⁵, T. Safford¹³⁵, N. Sahu¹⁰³, P. Sala^90,25, N. Samios²¹, O. Samoylov¹¹⁰, M.C. Sanchez¹⁰⁸, V. Sandberg¹²⁶, D.A. Sanders¹⁴⁰, D. Sankey¹⁷⁰, S. Santana¹⁶³, M. Santos-Maldonado¹⁶³, N. Saoulidou¹⁰, P. Sapienza⁹⁴, C. Sarasty⁴¹, I. Sarcevic⁸, G. Savage⁶⁵, V. Savinov¹⁶¹, A. Scaramelli⁹³, A. Scarff¹⁷⁶, A. Scarpelli²¹, T. Schaffer¹³⁸, H. Schellman^150,65, S. Schifano^86,66, P. Schlabach⁶⁵, D. Schmitz³⁹, K. Scholberg⁵⁴, A. Schukraft⁶⁵, E. Segreto³⁶, A. Selyunin¹¹⁰, C.R. Senise¹⁹⁴, J. Sensenig¹⁵⁷, M. Seoane⁸³, I. Seong³⁰, A. Sergi¹⁷, D. Sgalaberna⁵⁷, M.H. Shaevitz⁴⁶, S. Shafaq¹¹², M. Shamma³², R. Sharankova¹⁹², H.R. Sharma¹¹¹, R. Sharma²¹, R. Kumar¹⁶⁴, T. Shaw⁶⁵, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous¹⁷⁰, A. Sheshukov¹¹⁰, S. Shin¹¹³, I. Shoemaker¹⁹⁸, D. Shooltz¹³⁵, R. Shrock¹⁸¹, H. Siegel⁴⁶, L. Simard¹⁵⁴, F. Simon^65,132, N. Simos²¹, J. Sinclair¹⁵, G. Sinev¹⁷⁷, J. Singh¹²⁸, J. Singh¹²⁸, L. Singh²⁷, V. Singh^27,13, R. Sipos²⁵, F.W. Sippach⁴⁶, G. Sirri⁸⁴, A. Sitraka¹⁷⁷, K. Siyeon⁴⁰, K. Skarpaas¹⁷¹, A. Smith³⁵, E. Smith¹⁰⁴, P. Smith¹⁰⁴, J. Smolik⁴⁸, M. Smy³⁰, E.L. Snider⁶⁵, P. Snopok¹⁰⁰, D. Snowden-Ifft¹⁴⁸, M. Soares Nunes¹⁸⁴, H. Sobel³⁰, M. Soderberg¹⁸⁴, S. Sokolov¹¹⁰, C.J. Solano Salinas¹⁰⁵, S. Söldner-Rembold¹³⁰, S.R. Soleti¹²⁴, N. Solomey²⁰², V. Solovov¹²², W.E. Sondheim¹²⁶, M. Sorel⁸², A. Sotnikov¹¹⁰, J. Soto-Oton²⁶, A. Sousa⁴¹, K. Soustruznik³⁸, F. Spagliardi¹⁵¹, M. Spanu^89,136, J. Spitz¹³⁴, N.J.C. Spooner¹⁷⁶, K. Spurgeon¹⁸⁴, R. Staley¹⁷, M. Stancari⁶⁵, L. Stanco^92,153, R. Stanley²⁰, R. Stein²⁰, H.M. Steiner¹²⁴, A.F. Steklain Lisbôa¹⁸⁵, J. Stewart²¹, B. Stillwell³⁹, J. Stock¹⁷⁷, F. Stocker²⁵, T. Stokes¹²⁷, M. Strait¹³⁹, T. Strauss⁶⁵, S. Striganov⁶⁵, A. Stuart⁴³, J.G. Suarez⁵⁶, H. Sullivan¹⁸⁹, D. Summers¹⁴⁰, A. Surdo⁸⁸, V. Susic¹⁴, L. Suter⁶⁵, C.M. Sutera^85,37, R. Svoboda²⁹, B. Szczerbinska¹⁸⁸, A.M. Szelc⁵⁸, H. A. Tanaka¹⁷¹, B. Tapia Oregui¹⁹⁰, A. Tapper¹⁰¹, S. Tariq⁶⁵, E. Tatar⁹⁹, R. Tayloe¹⁰⁴, A.M. Teklu¹⁸¹, M. Tenti⁸⁴, K. Terao¹⁷¹, C.A. Ternes⁸², F. Terranova^89,136, G. Testera⁸⁷, T. Thakore⁴¹, A. Thea¹⁷⁰, J.L. Thompson¹⁷⁶, C. Thorn²¹, S.C. Timm⁶⁵, V. Tishchenko²¹, J. Todd⁴¹, L. Tomassetti^86,66, A. Tonazzo¹⁵⁵, D. Torbunov¹³⁹, M. Torti^89,136, M. Tortola⁸², F. Tortorici^85,37, N. Tosi⁸⁴, D. Totani³³, M. Toups⁶⁵, C. Touramanis¹²⁵, R. Travaglini⁸⁴, J. Trevor³⁴, S. Trilov²⁰, W.H. Trzaska¹¹⁴, Y. Tsai⁶⁵, Y.-T. Tsai¹⁷¹, Z. Tsamalaidze⁷⁰, K.V. Tsang¹⁷¹, N. Tsverava⁷⁰, S. Tufanli²⁵, C. Tull¹²⁴, E. Tyley¹⁷⁶, M. Tzanov¹²⁷, L. Uboldi²⁵, M.A. Uchida³⁵, J. Urheim¹⁰⁴, T. Usher¹⁷¹, S. Uzunyan¹⁴⁵, M.R. Vagins¹¹⁹, P. Vahle²⁰³, G.A. Valdiviesso⁶⁰, E. Valencia²⁰³, V. Pia^84,18, Z. Vallari³⁴, E. Vallazza⁸⁹, J.W.F. Valle⁸², S. Vallecorsa²⁵, R. Van Berg¹⁵⁷, R.G. Van de Water¹²⁶, F. Varanini⁹², D. Vargas⁸¹, G. Varner⁷⁸, J. Vasel¹⁰⁴, S. Vasina¹¹⁰, G. Vasseur²⁴, N. Vaughan¹⁵⁰, K. Vaziri⁶⁵, S. Ventura⁹², A. Verdugo²⁶, S. Vergani³⁵, M.A. Vermeulen¹⁴³, M. Verzocchi⁶⁵, M. Vicenzi^87,69, H. Vieira de Souza³⁶, C. Vignoli⁷², C. Vilela²⁵, B. Viren²¹, T. Vrba⁴⁸, T. Wachala¹⁴², A.V. Waldron¹⁰¹, M. Wallbank⁴¹, C. Wallis⁴⁵, H. Wang³¹, J. Wang¹⁷⁷, L. Wang¹²⁴, M.H.L.S. Wang⁶⁵, Y. Wang³¹, Y. Wang¹⁸¹, K. Warburton¹⁰⁸, D. Warner⁴⁵, M.O. Wascko¹⁰¹, D. Waters¹⁹⁵, A. Watson¹⁷, P. Weatherly⁵³, A. Weber^170,151, M. Weber¹⁵, H. Wei²¹, A. Weinstein¹⁰⁸, D. Wenman²⁰⁴, M. Wetstein¹⁰⁸, A. White¹⁸⁹, L.H. Whitehead³⁵, D. Whittington¹⁸⁴, M.J. Wilking¹⁸¹, C. Wilkinson¹²⁴, Z. Williams¹⁸⁹, F. Wilson¹⁷⁰, R.J. Wilson⁴⁵, W. Wisniewski¹⁷¹, J. Wolcott¹⁹², T. Wongjirad¹⁹², A. Wood⁷⁹, K. Wood¹⁸¹, E. Worcester²¹, M. Worcester²¹, C. Wret¹⁶⁷, W. Wu⁶⁵, W. Wu³⁰, Y. Xiao³⁰, F. Xie¹⁸³, E. Yandel³³, G. Yang¹⁸¹, K. Yang¹⁵¹, S. Yang⁴¹, T. Yang⁶⁵, A. Yankelevich³⁰, N. Yershov⁹⁵, K. Yonehara⁶⁵, T. Young¹⁴⁴, B. Yu²¹, H. Yu²¹, H. Yu¹⁸², J. Yu¹⁸⁹, W. Yuan⁵⁸, R. Zaki²⁰⁷, J. Zalesak⁴⁷, L. Zambelli⁵¹, B. Zamorano⁷³, A. Zani⁹⁰, L. Zazueta²⁰³, G.P. Zeller⁶⁵, J. Zennamo⁶⁵, K. Zeug²⁰⁴, C. Zhang²¹, M. Zhao²¹, E. Zhivun²¹, G. Zhu¹⁴⁹, P. Zilberman¹⁸¹, E.D. Zimmerman⁴⁴, M. Zito²⁴, S. Zucchelli^84,18, J. Zuklin⁴⁷, V. Zutshi¹⁴⁵ and R. Zwaska⁶⁵

Published 4 January 2022 • © 2022 CERN
Journal of Instrumentation, Volume 17, January 2022 Citation The DUNE Collaboration et al 2022 JINST 17 P01005 DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/P01005

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Stefania.Bordoni@cern.ch

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¹ Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79601, U.S.A.

² University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, U.S.A.

³ University of Amsterdam, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands

⁴ Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealtı/Antalya, Turkey

⁵ University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar

⁶ Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia

⁷ Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, U.S.A.

⁸ University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A.

⁹ Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay

¹⁰ University of Athens, Zografou GR 157 84, Greece

¹¹ Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia

¹² Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, U.S.A.

¹³ Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi — 221 005, India

¹⁴ University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland

¹⁵ University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

¹⁶ Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey

¹⁷ University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

¹⁸ Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy

¹⁹ Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A.

²⁰ University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom

²¹ Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, U.S.A.

²² University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

²³ Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180, Brazil

²⁴ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

²⁵ CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland

²⁶ CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

²⁷ Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India

²⁸ University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.

²⁹ University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.

³⁰ University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A.

³¹ University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A.

³² University of California Riverside, Riverside CA 92521, U.S.A.

³³ University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106 U.S.A.

³⁴ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, U.S.A.

³⁵ University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom

³⁶ Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas — SP, 13083-970, Brazil

³⁷ Università di Catania, 2 — 95131 Catania, Italy

³⁸ Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic

³⁹ University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A.

⁴⁰ Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea

⁴¹ University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A.

⁴² Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico

⁴³ Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico

⁴⁴ University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.A.

⁴⁵ Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, U.S.A.

⁴⁶ Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, U.S.A.

⁴⁷ Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic

⁴⁸ Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic

⁴⁹ Dakota State University, Madison, SD 57042, U.S.A.

⁵⁰ University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736, U.S.A.

⁵¹ Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France

⁵² Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom

⁵³ Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.

⁵⁴ Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, U.S.A.

⁵⁵ Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom

⁵⁶ Universidad EIA, Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia

⁵⁷ ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

⁵⁸ University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom

⁵⁹ Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa — FCUL, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

⁶⁰ Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas — MG, 37715-400, Brazil

⁶¹ Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, GO 74690-900, Brazil

⁶² Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras — SP, 13604-900, Brazil

⁶³ Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André — SP, 09210-580, Brazil

⁶⁴ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro — RJ, 21941-901, Brazil

⁶⁵ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, U.S.A.

⁶⁶ University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

⁶⁷ University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440, U.S.A.

⁶⁸ Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí Niterói — RJ, 24220-900, Brazil

⁶⁹ Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy

⁷⁰ Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia

⁷¹ Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy

⁷² Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L'Aquila AQ, Italy

⁷³ University of Granada & CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain

⁷⁴ University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France

⁷⁵ Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, C.P. 37000, Mexico

⁷⁶ Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211 019, India

⁷⁷ Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.

⁷⁸ University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A.

⁷⁹ University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, U.S.A.

⁸⁰ University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad — 500 046, India

⁸¹ Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE) — Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain

⁸² Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain

⁸³ Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain

⁸⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna BO, Italy

⁸⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy

⁸⁶ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy

⁸⁷ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova GE, Italy

⁸⁸ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 — Lecce, Italy

⁸⁹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3 — I-20126 Milano, Italy

⁹⁰ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy

⁹¹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy

⁹² Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy

⁹³ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy

⁹⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy

⁹⁵ Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia

⁹⁶ Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France

⁹⁷ Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁹⁸ Instituto Superior Técnico — IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

⁹⁹ Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, U.S.A.

¹⁰⁰ Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, U.S.A.

¹⁰¹ Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom

¹⁰² Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, India

¹⁰³ Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285, India

¹⁰⁴ Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A.

¹⁰⁵ Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima 25, Perú

¹⁰⁶ University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese VA, Italy

¹⁰⁷ University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A.

¹⁰⁸ Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, U.S.A.

¹⁰⁹ Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan

¹¹⁰ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia

¹¹¹ University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, India

¹¹² Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India

¹¹³ Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do 54896, South Korea

¹¹⁴ University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014, Finland

¹¹⁵ High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan

¹¹⁶ Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea

¹¹⁷ K L University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India

¹¹⁸ Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A.

¹¹⁹ Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan

¹²⁰ National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506, Japan

¹²¹ Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine

¹²² Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa and 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal

¹²³ Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom

¹²⁴ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.

¹²⁵ University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE, Liverpool, United Kingdom

¹²⁶ Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.A.

¹²⁷ Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A.

¹²⁸ University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India

¹²⁹ Madrid Autonoma University and IFT UAM/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain

¹³⁰ University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom

¹³¹ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.

¹³² Max-Planck-Institut, Munich, 80805, Germany

¹³³ University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia

¹³⁴ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A.

¹³⁵ Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A.

¹³⁶ Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy

¹³⁷ Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy

¹³⁸ University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, U.S.A.

¹³⁹ University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.

¹⁴⁰ University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 U.S.A.

¹⁴¹ University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, U.S.A.

¹⁴² H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland

¹⁴³ Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands

¹⁴⁴ University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357, U.S.A.

¹⁴⁵ Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, U.S.A.

¹⁴⁶ Northwestern University, Evanston, Il 60208, U.S.A.

¹⁴⁷ University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, U.S.A.

¹⁴⁸ Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, U.S.A.

¹⁴⁹ Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A.

¹⁵⁰ Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.

¹⁵¹ University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH, United Kingdom

¹⁵² Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, U.S.A.

¹⁵³ Universtà degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy

¹⁵⁴ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France

¹⁵⁵ Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006, Paris, France

¹⁵⁶ Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia PV, Italy

¹⁵⁷ University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.

¹⁵⁸ Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.

¹⁵⁹ Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, India

¹⁶⁰ Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

¹⁶¹ University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, U.S.A.

¹⁶² Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú

¹⁶³ University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez 00681, Puerto Rico, U.S.A.

¹⁶⁴ Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India

¹⁶⁵ Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom

¹⁶⁶ Radboud University, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands

¹⁶⁷ University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A.

¹⁶⁸ Royal Holloway College London, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom

¹⁶⁹ Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, U.S.A.

¹⁷⁰ STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom

¹⁷¹ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.A.

¹⁷² Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD, 57754, U.S.A.

¹⁷³ Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy

¹⁷⁴ San Jose State University, San José, CA 95192-0106, U.S.A.

¹⁷⁵ Universidad Sergio Arboleda, 11022 Bogotá, Colombia

¹⁷⁶ University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom

¹⁷⁷ South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, U.S.A.

¹⁷⁸ South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, U.S.A.

¹⁷⁹ University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, U.S.A.

¹⁸⁰ Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, U.S.A.

¹⁸¹ Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.A.

¹⁸² Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

¹⁸³ University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom

¹⁸⁴ Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, U.S.A.

¹⁸⁵ Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

¹⁸⁶ University of Tennessee at Knoxville, TN, 37996, U.S.A.

¹⁸⁷ Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, U.S.A.

¹⁸⁸ Texas A&M University — Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, U.S.A.

¹⁸⁹ University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, U.S.A.

¹⁹⁰ University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A.

¹⁹¹ University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada

¹⁹² Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, U.S.A.

¹⁹³ Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea

¹⁹⁴ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil

¹⁹⁵ University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom

¹⁹⁶ Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072, U.S.A.

¹⁹⁷ Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 700 064 West Bengal, India

¹⁹⁸ Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, U.S.A.

¹⁹⁹ University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland

²⁰⁰ University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom

²⁰¹ Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, U.S.A.

²⁰² Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, U.S.A.

²⁰³ William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, U.S.A.

²⁰⁴ University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.

²⁰⁵ Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, U.S.A.

²⁰⁶ Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan 0036, Armenia

²⁰⁷ York University, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada

Dates

Received 9 August 2021
Accepted 6 October 2021
Published 4 January 2022

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Abstract

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of 7 × 6 × 7.2 m³. The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP's successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components.

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Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

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Abstract