The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

The KATRIN collaboration; M. Aker; K. Altenmüller; J.F. Amsbaugh; M. Arenz; M. Babutzka; J. Bast; S. Bauer; H. Bechtler; M. Beck; A. Beglarian; J. Behrens; B. Bender; R. Berendes; A. Berlev; U. Besserer; C. Bettin; B. Bieringer; K. Blaum; F. Block; S. Bobien; M. Böttcher; J. Bohn; K. Bokeloh; H. Bolz; B. Bornschein; L. Bornschein; H. Bouquet; N.M. Boyd; T. Brunst; T.H. Burritt; T.S. Caldwell; Z. Chaoui; S. Chilingaryan; W. Choi; T.J. Corona; G.A. Cox; K. Debowski; M. Deffert; M. Descher; D. Díaz Barrero; P.J. Doe; O. Dragoun; G. Drexlin; J.A. Dunmore; S. Dyba; F. Edzards; F. Eichelhardt; K. Eitel; E. Ellinger; R. Engel; S. Enomoto; M. Erhard; D. Eversheim; M. Fedkevych; A. Felden; S. Fischer; J.A. Formaggio; F.M. Fränkle; G.B. Franklin; H. Frenzel; F. Friedel; A. Fulst; K. Gauda; R. Gehring; W. Gil; F. Glück; S. Görhardt; J. Grimm; R. Grössle; S. Groh; S. Grohmann; R. Gumbsheimer; M. Hackenjos; D. Häßler; V. Hannen; F. Harms; G.C. Harper; J. Hartmann; N. Haußmann; F. Heizmann; K. Helbing; M. Held; S. Hickford; D. Hilk; B. Hillen; R. Hiller; D. Hillesheimer; D. Hinz; T. Höhn; M. Hötzel; S. Holzmann; S. Horn; T. Houdy; M.A. Howe; A. Huber; T. James; A. Jansen; M. Kaiser; C. Karl; O. Kazachenko; J. Kellerer; L. Kippenbrock; M. Kleesiek; M. Kleifges; J. Kleinfeller; M. Klein; C. Köhler; L. Köllenberger; A. Kopmann; M. Korzeczek; A. Kosmider; A. Kovalík; B. Krasch; H. Krause; M. Kraus; L. Kuckert; A. Kumb; N. Kunka; T. Lasserre; L. La Cascio; O. Lebeda; M.L. Leber; B. Lehnert; B. Leiber; J. Letnev; R.J. Lewis; T.L. Le; S. Lichter; A. Lokhov; J.M. Lopez Poyato; M. Machatschek; E. Malcherek; M. Mark; A. Marsteller; E.L. Martin; K. Mehret; M. Meloni; C. Melzer; A. Menshikov; S. Mertens; L.I. Minter (née Bodine); B. Monreal; J. Mostafa; K. Müller; A.W. Myers; U. Naumann; H. Neumann; S. Niemes; P. Oelpmann; A. Off; H.-W. Ortjohann; A. Osipowicz; B. Ostrick; D.S. Parno; D.A. Peterson; P. Plischke; A.W.P. Poon; M. Prall; F. Priester; P.C.-O. Ranitzsch; J. Reich; P. Renschler; O. Rest; R. Rinderspacher; R.G.H. Robertson; W. Rodejohann; C. Rodenbeck; M. Röllig; C. Röttele; P. Rohr; S. Rupp; M. Ryšavý; R. Sack; A. Saenz; M. Sagawe; P. Schäfer; A. Schaller (née Pollithy); L. Schimpf; K. Schlösser; M. Schlösser; L. Schlüter; S. Schneidewind; H. Schön; K. Schönung; M. Schrank; B. Schulz; J. Schwarz; M. Šefčík; H. Seitz-Moskaliuk; W. Seller; V. Sibille; D. Siegmann; M. Slezák; F. Spanier; M. Steidl; M. Sturm; M. Sun; D. Tcherniakhovski; H.H. Telle; L.A. Thorne; T. Thümmler; N. Titov; I. Tkachev; N. Trost; K. Urban; K. Valerius; B.A. VanDevender; T.D. Van Wechel; D. Vénos; A. Verbeek; R. Vianden; A.P. Vizcaya Hernández; K. Vogt; B.L. Wall; N. Wandkowsky; M. Weber; H. Weingardt; C. Weinheimer; C. Weiss; S. Welte; J. Wendel; K.J. Wierman; J.F. Wilkerson; J. Wolf; S. Wüstling; W. Xu; Y.-R. Yen; M. Zacher; S. Zadoroghny; M. Zboril; G. Zeller

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/16/08/T08015

Journal of Instrumentation

technical report • The following article is Open access

The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

The KATRIN collaboration, M. Aker¹, K. Altenmüller^2,3, J.F. Amsbaugh⁴, M. Arenz⁵, M. Babutzka^1,6, J. Bast¹, S. Bauer⁷, H. Bechtler¹, M. Beck⁷, A. Beglarian⁸, J. Behrens^1,6,7, B. Bender¹, R. Berendes⁷, A. Berlev⁹, U. Besserer¹, C. Bettin¹, B. Bieringer⁷, K. Blaum¹⁰, F. Block⁶, S. Bobien¹¹, M. Böttcher⁷, J. Bohn¹, K. Bokeloh⁷, H. Bolz¹, B. Bornschein¹, L. Bornschein¹, H. Bouquet⁸, N.M. Boyd⁴, T. Brunst^2,12, T.H. Burritt⁴, T.S. Caldwell^13,14, Z. Chaoui^4,15, S. Chilingaryan⁸, W. Choi⁶, T.J. Corona^13,14, G.A. Cox¹, K. Debowski¹⁶, M. Deffert⁶, M. Descher⁶, D. Díaz Barrero¹⁷, P.J. Doe⁴, O. Dragoun¹⁸, G. Drexlin⁶, J.A. Dunmore⁴, S. Dyba⁷, F. Edzards^2,12, F. Eichelhardt^1,6, K. Eitel¹, E. Ellinger¹⁶, R. Engel¹, S. Enomoto⁴, M. Erhard^1,6, D. Eversheim⁵, M. Fedkevych⁷, A. Felden¹, S. Fischer¹, J.A. Formaggio¹⁹, F.M. Fränkle^1,13,14, G.B. Franklin²⁰, H. Frenzel¹, F. Friedel⁶, A. Fulst⁷, K. Gauda⁷, R. Gehring¹¹, W. Gil¹, F. Glück¹, S. Görhardt^1,6, J. Grimm¹, R. Grössle¹, S. Groh^1,6, S. Grohmann¹¹, R. Gumbsheimer¹, M. Hackenjos^1,6, D. Häßler¹, V. Hannen⁷, F. Harms^1,6, G.C. Harper⁴, J. Hartmann⁸, N. Haußmann¹⁶, F. Heizmann^1,6, K. Helbing¹⁶, M. Held¹, S. Hickford^1,6, D. Hilk^1,6, B. Hillen⁷, R. Hiller⁶, D. Hillesheimer¹, D. Hinz¹, T. Höhn¹, M. Hötzel^1,6, S. Holzmann¹¹, S. Horn¹, T. Houdy^2,12, M.A. Howe^13,14, A. Huber⁶, T. James^21,1, A. Jansen¹, M. Kaiser¹, C. Karl^2,12, O. Kazachenko¹¹, J. Kellerer⁶, L. Kippenbrock⁴, M. Kleesiek^1,6, M. Kleifges⁸, J. Kleinfeller¹, M. Klein^1,6, C. Köhler^2,12, L. Köllenberger¹, A. Kopmann⁸, M. Korzeczek⁶, A. Kosmider^1,6, A. Kovalík¹⁸, B. Krasch¹, H. Krause¹, M. Kraus^1,6, L. Kuckert^1,6, A. Kumb¹, N. Kunka⁸, T. Lasserre³, L. La Cascio⁶, O. Lebeda¹⁸, M.L. Leber⁴, B. Lehnert²², B. Leiber^1,6, J. Letnev²³, R.J. Lewis²⁴, T.L. Le¹, S. Lichter¹, A. Lokhov^7,9, J.M. Lopez Poyato¹⁷, M. Machatschek⁶, E. Malcherek¹, M. Mark¹, A. Marsteller¹, E.L. Martin^4,13,14, K. Mehret¹, M. Meloni¹, C. Melzer¹, A. Menshikov⁸, S. Mertens^2,12, L.I. Minter (née Bodine)⁴, B. Monreal^25,26, J. Mostafa⁸, K. Müller¹, A.W. Myers⁴, U. Naumann¹⁶, H. Neumann¹¹, S. Niemes¹, P. Oelpmann⁷, A. Off¹, H.-W. Ortjohann⁷, A. Osipowicz²³, B. Ostrick⁷, D.S. Parno²⁰, D.A. Peterson⁴, P. Plischke¹, A.W.P. Poon²², M. Prall⁷, F. Priester¹, P.C.-O. Ranitzsch⁷, J. Reich^1,6, P. Renschler^1,6, O. Rest⁷, R. Rinderspacher¹, R.G.H. Robertson⁴, W. Rodejohann¹⁰, C. Rodenbeck⁷, M. Röllig¹, C. Röttele^1,6, P. Rohr⁸, S. Rupp¹, M. Ryšavý¹⁸, R. Sack⁷, A. Saenz²⁷, M. Sagawe¹, P. Schäfer¹, A. Schaller (née Pollithy)^2,12, L. Schimpf⁶, K. Schlösser¹, M. Schlösser¹, L. Schlüter^2,12, S. Schneidewind⁷, H. Schön¹¹, K. Schönung¹, M. Schrank¹, B. Schulz²⁷, J. Schwarz^1,6, M. Šefčík¹⁸, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk⁶, W. Seller²³, V. Sibille¹⁹, D. Siegmann^2,12, M. Slezák^2,12, F. Spanier¹, M. Steidl¹, M. Sturm¹, M. Sun⁴, D. Tcherniakhovski⁸, H.H. Telle^17,21, L.A. Thorne²⁰, T. Thümmler¹, N. Titov⁹, I. Tkachev⁹, N. Trost^1,6, K. Urban^2,12, K. Valerius¹, B.A. VanDevender⁴, T.D. Van Wechel⁴, D. Vénos¹⁸, A. Verbeek¹, R. Vianden⁵, A.P. Vizcaya Hernández²⁰, K. Vogt¹, B.L. Wall⁴, N. Wandkowsky^1,6, M. Weber⁸, H. Weingardt¹, C. Weinheimer⁷, C. Weiss²⁸, S. Welte¹, J. Wendel¹, K.J. Wierman^4,13,14, J.F. Wilkerson^13,14, J. Wolf⁶, S. Wüstling⁸, W. Xu¹⁹, Y.-R. Yen²⁰, M. Zacher⁷, S. Zadoroghny⁹, M. Zboril^7,18 and G. Zeller¹

Published 17 August 2021 • © 2021 The Author(s)
Journal of Instrumentation, Volume 16, August 2021 Citation The KATRIN collaboration et al 2021 JINST 16 T08015 DOI 10.1088/1748-0221/16/08/T08015

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thomas.thuemmler@kit.edu

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¹ Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

² Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

³ IRFU (DPhP & APC), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

⁴ Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Dept. of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A.

⁵ Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, 53115 Bonn, Germany

⁶ Institute of Experimental Particle Physics (ETP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

⁷ Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149 Münster, Germany

⁸ Institute for Data Processing and Electronics (IPE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

⁹ Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a, 117312 Moscow, Russia

¹⁰ Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

¹¹ Institute for Technical Physics (ITEP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

¹² Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany

¹³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S.A.

¹⁴ Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC 27708, U.S.A.

¹⁵ Permanent address: Laboratory of Optoelectronics and Devices, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Setif-1 (19000), Algeria

¹⁶ Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany

¹⁷ Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain

¹⁸ Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, v. v. i., CZ-250 68 Řež, Czech Republic

¹⁹ Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.

²⁰ Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A.

²¹ Department of Physics, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.

²² Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics and Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.

²³ University of Applied Sciences (HFD) Fulda, Leipziger Str. 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany

²⁴ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF24 3AA, U.K.

²⁵ Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, U.S.A.

²⁶ Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, U.S.A.

²⁷ Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany

²⁸ Project, Process, and Quality Management (PPQ), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Dates

Received 23 April 2021
Accepted 11 June 2021
Published 17 August 2021

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Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [1] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [2]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns.

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The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

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