The International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) was founded in 1978 and was the first institution in Italy to promote post-graduate courses leading to a Doctor Philosophiae (or PhD) degree. A centre of excellence among Italian and international universities, the school has around 65 teachers, 100 post docs and 245 PhD students, and is located in Trieste, in a campus of more than 10 hectares with wonderful views over the Gulf of Trieste.
SISSA hosts a very high-ranking, large and multidisciplinary scientific research output. The scientific papers produced by its researchers are published in high impact factor, well-known international journals, and in many cases in the world's most prestigious scientific journals such as Nature and Science. Over 900 students have so far started their careers in the field of mathematics, physics and neuroscience research at SISSA.
The following article is Open access
Study of the material of the ATLAS inner detector for Run 2 of the LHC
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Gentile172,173, C. Gentsos205, S. George108, D. Gerbaudo15, A. Gershon204, G. Geßner67, S. Ghasemi188, M. Ghneimat29, B. Giacobbe27, S. Giagu172,173, P. Giannetti157,158, S.M. Gibson108, M. Gignac224, M. Gilchriese18, D. Gillberg45, G. Gilles231, D.M. Gingrich3, N. Giokaris11, M.P. Giordani218,220, F.M. Giorgi27, P.F. Giraud183, P. Giromini82, D. Giugni122, F. Giuli152, C. Giuliani132, M. Giulini84, B.K. Gjelsten151, S. Gkaitatzis205, I. Gkialas11, E.L. Gkougkousis184, P. Gkountoumis12, L.K. Gladilin130, C. Glasman113, J. Glatzer15, P.C.F. Glaysher66, A. Glazov66, M. Goblirsch-Kolb31, J. Godlewski63, S. Goldfarb119, T. Golling73, D. Golubkov170, A. Gomes160,161,163, R. Gonçalo160, R. Goncalves Gama32, J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino Da Costa183, G. Gonella72, L. Gonella21, A. Gongadze95, S. González de la Hoz223, S. Gonzalez-Sevilla73, L. Goossens46, P.A. Gorbounov128, H.A. Gordon36, I. Gorelov137, B. Gorini46, E. Gorini103,104, A. Gorišek106, A.T. Goshaw69, C. Gössling67, M.I. 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Raddum151, V. Radeka36, V. Radescu152, S.K. Radhakrishnan199, P. Radloff148, P. Rados119, F. Ragusa122,123, G. Rahal234, J.A. Raine115, S. Rajagopalan36, C. Rangel-Smith221, T. Rashid149, S. Raspopov7, M.G. Ratti122,123, D.M. Rauch66, F. Rauscher131, S. Rave114, I. Ravinovich228, J.H. Rawling115, M. Raymond46, A.L. Read151, N.P. Readioff81, M. Reale103,104, D.M. Rebuzzi153,154, A. Redelbach230, G. Redlinger36, R. Reece184, R.G. Reed195, K. Reeves65, L. Rehnisch19, J. Reichert155, A. Reiss114, C. Rembser46, H. Ren50, M. Rescigno172, S. Resconi122, E.D. Resseguie155, S. Rettie224, E. Reynolds21, O.L. Rezanova141, P. Reznicek169, R. Rezvani126, R. Richter132, S. Richter109, E. Richter-Was62, O. Ricken29, M. Ridel111, P. Rieck132, C.J. Riegel231, J. Rieger80, O. Rifki145, M. Rijssenbeek199, A. Rimoldi153,154, M. Rimoldi20, L. Rinaldi27, G. Ripellino198, B. Ristić46, E. Ritsch46, I. Riu15, F. Rizatdinova146, E. Rizvi107, C. Rizzi15, R.T. Roberts115, S.H. Robertson118, A. Robichaud-Veronneau118, D. Robinson44, J.E.M. Robinson66, A. Robson79, E. Rocco114, C. Roda157,158, Y. Rodina116, S. Rodriguez Bosca223, A. Rodriguez Perez15, D. Rodriguez Rodriguez223, S. Roe46, C.S. Rogan82, O. RØhne151, J. Roloff82, A. Romaniouk129, M. Romano27,28, S.M. Romano Saez56, E. Romero Adam223, N. Rompotis105, M. Ronzani72, L. Roos111, S. Rosati172, K. Rosbach72, P. Rose184, N.-A. Rosien80, E. Rossi135,136, L.P. Rossi74, J.H.N. Rosten44, R. Rosten185, M. Rotaru38, I. Roth228, J. Rothberg185, D. Rousseau149, A. Rozanov116, Y. Rozen203, X. Ruan195, F. Rubbo190, F. Rühr72, A. Ruiz-Martinez45, Z. Rurikova72, N.A. Rusakovich95, H.L. Russell118, J.P. Rutherfoord9, N. Ruthmann46, Y.F. Ryabov156, M. Rybar222, G. Rybkin149, S. Ryu8, A. Ryzhov170, G.F. Rzehorz80, A.F. Saavedra201, G. Sabato139, S. Sacerdoti43, H.F-W. Sadrozinski184, R. Sadykov95, F. Safai Tehrani172, P. Saha140, M. Sahinsoy83, M. Saimpert66, M. Saito206, T. Saito206, H. Sakamoto206, Y. Sakurai227, G. Salamanna176,177, J.E. Salazar Loyola49, D. Salek139, P.H. Sales De Bruin221, D. Salihagic132, A. Salnikov190, J. Salt223, D. Salvatore59,60, F. Salvatore200, A. Salvucci87,88,89, A. Salzburger46, D. Sammel72, D. Sampsonidis205, D. Sampsonidou205, J. Sánchez223, V. Sanchez Martinez223, A. Sanchez Pineda218,220, H. Sandaker151, R.L. Sandbach107, C.O. Sander66, M. Sandhoff231, C. Sandoval26, D.P.C. Sankey171, M. Sannino74,75, Y. Sano134, A. Sansoni71, C. Santoni56, R. Santonico174,175, H. Santos160, I. Santoyo Castillo200, A. Sapronov95, J.G. Saraiva160,163, B. Sarrazin29, O. Sasaki96, K. Sato215, E. Sauvan7, G. Savage108, P. Savard210, N. Savic132, C. Sawyer171, L. Sawyer110, J. Saxon47, C. Sbarra27, A. Sbrizzi27,28, T. Scanlon109, D.A. Scannicchio217, M. Scarcella201, V. Scarfone59,60, J. Schaarschmidt185, P. Schacht132, B.M. Schachtner131, D. Schaefer46, L. Schaefer155, R. Schaefer66, J. Schaeffer114, S. Schaepe29, S. Schaetzel84, U. Schäfer114, A.C. Schaffer149, D. Schaile131, R.D. 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1 Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
2 Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany NY, United States of America
3 Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
4 Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
5 Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
6 Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
7 LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
8 High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL, United States of America
9 Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, United States of America
10 Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX, United States of America
11 Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
12 Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
13 Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, United States of America
14 Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
15 Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
16 Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
17 Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
18 Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley CA, United States of America
19 Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
20 Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
21 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
22 Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
23 Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
24 Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
25 Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
26 Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia
27 INFN Sezione di Bologna, Italy
28 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
29 Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
30 Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA, United States of America
31 Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA, United States of America
32 Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
33 Electrical Circuits Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
34 Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei (UFSJ), Sao Joao del Rei, Brazil
35 Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
36 Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY, United States of America
37 Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
38 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
39 Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
40 National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj Napoca, Romania
41 University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
42 West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
43 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
44 Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
45 Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON, Canada
46 CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
47 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, United States of America
48 Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
49 Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
50 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
51 Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
52 Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
53 Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
54 School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
55 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai(also at PKU-CHEP), China
56 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
57 Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY, United States of America
58 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
59 INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy
60 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
61 AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
62 Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
63 Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
64 Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX, United States of America
65 Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, United States of America
66 DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
67 Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
68 Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
69 Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC, United States of America
70 SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
71 INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
72 Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
73 Departement de Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
74 INFN Sezione di Genova, Italy
75 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
76 E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
77 High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
78 II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
79 SUPA - School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
80 II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
81 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
82 Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, United States of America
83 Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
85 ZITI Institut für technische Informatik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
86 Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
87 Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
88 Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
89 Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
90 Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Taiwan
91 Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, United States of America
92 Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
93 University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, United States of America
94 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA, United States of America
95 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
96 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
97 Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
98 Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
99 Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan
100 Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
101 Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
102 Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
103 INFN Sezione di Lecce, Italy
104 Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
105 Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
106 Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
107 School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
108 Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
109 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
110 Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA, United States of America
111 Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
112 Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
113 Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
114 Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
115 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
116 CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
117 Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA, United States of America
118 Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada
119 School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
120 Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, United States of America
121 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, United States of America
122 INFN Sezione di Milano, Italy
123 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
124 B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
125 Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
126 Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC, Canada
127 P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
128 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
129 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
130 D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
131 Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
132 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
133 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
134 Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
135 INFN Sezione di Napoli, Italy
136 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
137 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, United States of America
138 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands
139 Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
140 Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL, United States of America
141 Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
142 Department of Physics, New York University, New York NY, United States of America
143 Ohio State University, Columbus OH, United States of America
144 Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
145 Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK, United States of America
146 Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK, United States of America
148 Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene OR, United States of America
149 LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
150 Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
151 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
152 Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
153 INFN Sezione di Pavia, Italy
154 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
155 Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, United States of America
156 National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
157 INFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy
158 Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
159 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
160 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP, Lisboa, Portugal
161 Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
162 Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
163 Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
164 Departamento de Fisica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
165 Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
166 Dep Fisica and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
167 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
168 Czech Technical University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
169 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
170 State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics (Protvino), NRC KI, Russia
171 Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
172 INFN Sezione di Roma, Italy
173 Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
174 INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy
175 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
176 INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Italy
177 Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
178 Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies - Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
179 Centre National de l'Energie des Sciences Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco
180 Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Morocco
181 Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco
182 Faculté des sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
183 DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
184 Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, United States of America
185 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States of America
186 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
187 Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
188 Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
189 Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC, Canada
190 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA, United States of America
191 Faculty of Mathematics, Physics & Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
192 Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
193 Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
194 Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
195 School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
196 Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden
197 The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
198 Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
199 Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY, United States of America
200 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
201 School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
202 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
203 Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
204 Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
205 Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
206 International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
207 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
208 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
209 Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
210 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
211 INFN-TIFPA, Italy
212 University of Trento, Trento, Italy
213 TRIUMF, Vancouver BC, Canada
214 Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON, Canada
215 Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Integrated Research in Fundamental Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
216 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford MA, United States of America
217 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, United States of America
218 INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
219 ICTP, Trieste, Italy
220 Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
221 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
222 Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, United States of America
223 Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia - CSIC, Spain
224 Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
225 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada
226 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
227 Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
228 Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
229 Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States of America
230 Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
231 Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
232 Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT, United States of America
233 Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
234 Centre de Calcul de l'Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France
235 Academia Sinica Grid Computing, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
The ATLAS inner detector comprises three different sub-detectors: the pixel detector, the silicon strip tracker, and the transition-radiation drift-tube tracker. The Insertable B-Layer, a new innermost pixel layer, was installed during the shutdown period in 2014, together with modifications to the layout of the cables and support structures of the existing pixel detector. The material in the inner detector is studied with several methods, using a low-luminosity √s=13 TeV pp collision sample corresponding to around 2.0 nb−1 collected in 2015 with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. In this paper, the material within the innermost barrel region is studied using reconstructed hadronic interaction and photon conversion vertices. For the forward rapidity region, the material is probed by a measurement of the efficiency with which single tracks reconstructed from pixel detector hits alone can be extended with hits on the track in the strip layers. The results of these studies have been taken into account in an improved description of the material in the ATLAS inner detector simulation, resulting in a reduction in the uncertainties associated with the charged-particle reconstruction efficiency determined from simulation.
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