Research on Intelligent Supervision System and Terminal for Small Sluice Group

As a conventional water conservancy project, small water gates play a crucial role in flood prevention and drainage, water storage and irrigation. In response to the problems of a large number, wide distribution, and difficult management of small water gates, this article proposes an intelligent supervision system for small water gate groups based on the three-level architecture of provinces, cities, and counties. Then, according to the requirements of small water gate supervision, the hardware circuit and software program of the monitoring terminal were specially designed. The main content of this article includes three aspects: the provincial, city, and county level design of regulatory platforms, the modular and hierarchical structure design of terminal hardware, and the standardization and standardization design of terminal software. It provides a solution for the intelligent, efficient, and standardized management of small water gate groups, as well as a low-cost, reliable, and versatile monitoring terminal for the implementation of the solution. It has positive significance in solving the management difficulties of small water gates.


Introduction
As a hydraulic structure for regulating water level and controlling flow, the sluice has multiple functions such as water retaining and releasing (diversion).It is an important part of Rivers and Lakes flood control dispatching, waterlogging and tide blocking, water diversion and water supply engineering system, and an important infrastructure to reduce natural disaster losses, ensure economic and social development, and people's life and property safety [1][2].According to the size of the flow through the gate, water gates can be divided into three types: large, medium, and small.For example, the water gates in the Three Gorges Dam project are large, while the channel water gates in ordinary irrigation areas are small.Regardless of the type or size, water gates play an important role in the development of local society.
With the rapid development of computer technology, industrial technologies such as SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), industrial Ethernet, and high-precision sensors are becoming increasingly mature.By adopting various modern technologies such as computers, PLC(Programmable Logic Controller), networks, intelligent gate measurement and control instruments (opening meters), rotary encoders, gate position sensors, water level gauges, and upper computer monitoring software, information technology and even intelligent monitoring of large and medium-sized water gates can be achieved both domestically and internationally [3][4][5], And Hehai University and others have studied and implemented cluster control of water gates [6].At present, there is increasing research on small water gates, but there is relatively little research on group control and management of small water gates.Among them, B. Zhou et al. conducted research on the flood control calculation method of series water gate groups in the coastal plain area and demonstrated it in the flood control calculation of series water gate groups in Dahua River, Haifeng County, providing a theoretical basis for the control and management of small water gate groups, but it is still limited to the simulation stage [7].W. Yu studied the ecological scheduling method of small water gates in the plain river network, provided ecological scheduling plans for water gates, and implemented them in practice, improving flood control guarantee and water resource allocation capabilities.However, its application scope is still limited to county-level [8].C. Zhang et al. studied and designed a centralized monitoring system for small water gates on the Huaibei Dike Vortex River, and deployed it to effectively improve the efficiency of gate opening and closing , as well as the level of operation and management.However, they only achieved centralized control of multiple water gates at the grassroots management station and centralized monitoring of county-level river management units [9].
Due to the large number and scattered distribution of small water gates, the high demand for resource investment, and the lack of professional management personnel, the management of small water gates has become a difficult and painful point in water conservancy engineering management, and corresponding measures are urgently needed to solve it.Therefore, this article focuses on the current situation of small water gates, and on the basis of referring to the standardized management mode of large and medium-sized water conservancy projects, studies the intelligent supervision system and terminals of small water gate groups.It proposes a top-level design and management mode of the provincial, municipal, and county-level platforms, and on this basis, studies the management and control methods of small water gate groups, proposing a new way for the management of small water gate groups, It has a certain effect on further improving the management ability of small water gates.
However, due to its large number, geographical dispersion, lack of funds, and talent shortage, small water gates are far from large and medium-sized water gates in terms of management.Currently, they cannot even form a large-scale information monitoring network, resulting in very backward management and many problems, seriously affecting economic and social development and the safety of people's lives and property [10].
Firstly, there is a lack of a unified management and protection model for small water gates.Currently, there are two main forms of management and protection for small water gates: first, centralized management and protection in townships.After the completion of the water gate project, the water gate shall be directly handed over to the township according to the prescribed procedures, and the township shall arrange for the unified management and protection of relevant departments.The second is the collective management and protection of the village.It is to adopt territorial management and protection, and the administrative village where the water gate is located assigns farmers to manage and protect it.Farmers have no ability or funds to maintain and maintain it, which is actually guarding or taking care of it.The water gate is highly valued in all aspects of the project approval and construction process, and the enthusiasm of the local cadres is also high.The project can be smoothly implemented and put into use.After the completion and handover of the water gate, the township arranged for relevant departments or administrative villages to manage and protect it.Due to a shortage of funds for management and protection, inadequate attention to the management and protection of the water gate, weak awareness of management and protection, and a lack of regulatory measures, some water gates were artificially and naturally damaged, unable to be used normally [11][12], and the phenomenon of "reconstruction and light management" was severe, resulting in resource waste.
Secondly, although small sluices require less investment per unit, they are large in size and require a large amount of funds to build an information-based intelligent supervision system.On the one hand, the control modules in the market are expensive, and on the other hand, they cannot adapt well to the needs of each gate station, resulting in slow information construction of small sluices.
Thirdly, most water gate automation systems use PLC(Programmable Logic Controller) as the main controller, coupled with Ethernet to achieve remote control of the water gate, while utilizing the stability of PLC(Programmable Logic Controller) to ensure the stable operation of the water gate [13].However, this mode is not suitable for small water gates, as there are many small water gates and they are geographically dispersed.Therefore, large-scale networking must adopt wireless methods.So it is very necessary to explore a way to solve the problem of small water gate group supervision..

Overall Scheme Design
With the continuous improvement of China's technological level and comprehensive national strength, the position of water resources in national economic construction has become increasingly important.How to reasonably regulate water gates and fully utilize water resources is an urgent key issue.As an indispensable and important component of water resource scheduling, the operation and supervision of water gates are particularly important.During the 13th Five Year Plan period, the country has proposed construction planning goals such as "smart water conservancy" and "digital water conservancy".At the same time, it has increased investment in the construction of water conservancy projects, providing a certain source of funding for the initiation of small water gate intelligent supervision projects.
The intelligent supervision of small water gates faces many problems.Firstly, it is necessary to redesign the supervision mode and reasonably divide the supervision levels to ensure sufficient funding for the project and ensure good maintenance in the later stage.Secondly, while the project can be implemented, it can also reduce project costs; Then improve management efficiency [14][15].Therefore, this project comprehensively considers issues such as funding, operation and maintenance, as well as cost, efficiency, and stability, and proposes a small water gate intelligent supervision system based on county-level, municipal, and upgraded cloud platforms.The specific structure is shown in Figure .1.

Provincial regulatory platform
Municipal regulatory platform  The basic principle of system operation is as follows: The monitoring terminal collects data such as water level, gate position, rainfall, flow, and images, and then uses wireless networks such as GPRS/CDMA/4G(General Packet Radio Service/Code Division Multiple Access/ Fourth-Generation) to transmit them in real-time to the county-level cloud platform for data storage, processing, and display.The county-level cloud platform then shares the data with the municipal and provincial platforms.The supervision of small water gates is generally carried out by the county-level water conservancy department, so the control of water gate opening and closing is directly carried out by the county-level cloud platform.Set up county-level, municipal, and provincial-level monitoring centers for intelligent supervision of small water gates based on the cloud platform hierarchy.Enter the website on the monitoring center's workstation or mobile phone and log in to the management account to view various data within the permissions and perform corresponding operations.
The structure of the intelligent monitoring platform for small water gate groups is shown in Figure .2, which mainly includes the water gate information module, personnel inspection module, equipment monitoring module, opening flow module, image monitoring module, platform management module, consulting service module, etc., covering all information related to water gate operation management.The platform structure is mainly applied to county-level cloud platforms, and provincial and municipal platforms will be improved and designed based on county-level cloud platforms and actual regulatory needs.

Intelligent Supervision Terminal for Water Gates
The intelligent supervision terminal for water gates, as the core hardware equipment of the intelligent supervision system for small water gates, is a key component of the system.The terminal mainly consists of a microcontroller, power module, wireless module, Ethernet port, serial port module, display module, button module, relay, optocoupler module, and peripheral circuits.

Figure 3. Block diagram of intelligent supervision terminal composition for water gates
In order to meet the environmental requirements of long-term outdoor operation of small water gate intelligent supervision terminals, this project adopts a layered design scheme.The intelligent supervision terminal is designed into three layers: power layer, core layer, and application layer.Each layer is separately made into a PCB board, which is assembled through connectors.The structure is simple, installation and maintenance are flexible and convenient, and the heat dissipation and moisture resistance performance is good, while improving the stability of system operation.In addition, the input and output interfaces of the application layer adopt plug-in forms, which can effectively solve the problems of excessive resource waste and insufficient interfaces.When damaged, replacement is convenient, which is conducive to reducing equipment development and maintenance costs.The schematic diagram of the power supply layer is shown in Figure .4, which mainly includes the 12V to 5V circuit and 5V to 3.3V circuit.The main function is to convert the power supply into usable DC voltage for the device.Setting a separate layer in the power supply section helps to dissipate heat, improve terminal stability, and extend service life.The water gate information module is the foundation for the construction of an intelligent supervision system for small water gates.On the one hand, it introduces the basic situation of the water gate, which can include basic information such as construction time, geographical location, water gate level, benefit scope, and daily ledger.On the other hand, it digitizes the water gate and executes the coding according to the administrative division code specified by the country.Specific coding method: From left to right, the first two digits are the province (district, city) code, the three to four digits are the prefecture (city) code, the five to six digits are the county (city, district) code, the seven to eight digits are the township (street) code, the administrative village code, the ninety-two digits are the distinguishing code of the township (street), the 00 represents the street, the 11 represents the town, the 12 represents the township, the eleven to twelve digits are the administrative village code, and the ten to thirty-four digits are the water gate code, Arrange the list from 01 to 99 according to the given township (street).
The encoding format of the water gate is in Figure .7, so that a digital encoding can be set for each small water gate as an "identity" identification code, corresponding one by one.For example, the water gate in the jurisdiction of Yanhu Village, Lizhou Street, Yuyao City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province has a corresponding code range of 33028100121201-33028100121299.Enter the corresponding Chinese name of the water gate in the backend database, and all display and data transmission are in coding form, which can improve the efficiency of data positioning and enhance security.The data of the personnel inspection, equipment monitoring, opening flow, image monitoring and other modules of the intelligent supervision platform for small water gates are all arranged according to their respective codes based on the station coding.Below, the personnel inspection module is used as an example to explain.
The main function of the personnel inspection module is to monitor whether on-site management personnel are on duty on time and as required, and can view daily attendance records, inspection route records, fault records, inspection statistics data in real-time, as well as support the export of various types of data.
The coding format of the personnel inspection module is shown in Figure .8. The personnel inspection module code is 01, the attendance code is 01, and the attendance information is 01.The attendance signal can be triggered and executed by the attendance button on the supervision terminal, and no information will be sent when there is no attendance.The inspection code is 02, and the inspection signal can be triggered and executed by the inspection button on the supervision terminal.When the inspection button is triggered, the inspection information is 01, which indicating that the water gate is faulty.The cloud platform administrator can remotely control the on-site camera to capture pictures or videos for verification.When the inspection button is not triggered, the inspection information is 02, which indicating that the water gate is operating normally.(1) The upper and lower limits of the integral in the equation are 0 and t, respectively, where kp is the proportional coefficient; TI is the integral time constant; TD is the differential time constant.After obtaining the output of the system, the output is added to the input through three calculation methods: proportional, integral, and differential, in order to achieve the purpose of controlling the system.

System Development and Testing
After the system design was completed, a small water gate intelligent supervision platform and monitoring terminal were developed, and a period of testing was conducted.The test results showed that the system can meet the current management needs of small water gate groups.Administrator permissions were set according to the provincial, municipal, and county management requirements, and the small water gates within their respective management scope were coded, providing guarantee for group testing, group prevention, and group control of small water gates.The intelligent supervision system platform for small water gates is shown in Figure .10.

Conclusion
This article focuses on the key and difficult issues currently existing in small water gates.Firstly, a small water gate group management system based on the three-level management platform architecture of provinces, cities, and counties is designed.Then, considering stability factors, layered circuit design and standardized communication protocol design are carried out for the water gate terminal, achieving group control and management of small water gates.Provincial, city, and county level management personnel can monitor the operation of small water gates within their respective jurisdiction in real-time, It has good system experience and stability, providing new ideas for achieving group control and management of small water gates.

Figure 1 .
Figure1.The three-level control structure of small water gates in provinces, cities, and counties The basic principle of system operation is as follows: The monitoring terminal collects data such as water level, gate position, rainfall, flow, and images, and then uses wireless networks such as GPRS/CDMA/4G(General Packet Radio Service/Code Division Multiple Access/ Fourth-Generation) to transmit them in real-time to the county-level cloud platform for data storage, processing, and display.The county-level cloud platform then shares the data with the municipal and provincial platforms.The supervision of small water gates is generally carried out by the county-level water conservancy department, so the control of water gate opening and closing is directly carried out by the county-level cloud platform.Set up county-level, municipal, and provincial-level monitoring centers for intelligent supervision of small water gates based on the cloud platform hierarchy.Enter the website on the monitoring center's workstation or mobile phone and log in to the management account to view various data within the permissions and perform corresponding operations.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Intelligent monitoring platform structure for small water gates The peripheral circuit includes switch input/output interfaces, analog input/output interfaces, RS-232 and RS-485 interfaces, Ethernet communication interfaces, wireless module communication interfaces, etc.Its overall composition is shown in Figure.3.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Main circuits of the power layer Main circuits of the core layer is shown in Figure.5, which mainly includes the micro-controller, wireless module, SIM card slot, pin hole connecting to the application layer, pin hole connecting to the power layer on the back, crystal oscillator circuit and reset circuit, etc.It mainly realizes the minimum system function of the terminal and communication function, with wireless communication being the main method.

Figure 5 .Figure 6 .
Figure 5. Main circuits of the core layer Main circuits of application layer is shown in Figure.6, which mainly includes switching input circuit, serial communication circuit and so on.It mainly realizes application functions such as data display, button setting, signal indication, and input/output signal connection.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Sluice encoding formatThe data of the personnel inspection, equipment monitoring, opening flow, image monitoring and other modules of the intelligent supervision platform for small water gates are all arranged according to their respective codes based on the station coding.Below, the personnel inspection module is used as an example to explain.The main function of the personnel inspection module is to monitor whether on-site management personnel are on duty on time and as required, and can view daily attendance records, inspection route records, fault records, inspection statistics data in real-time, as well as support the export of various types of data.The coding format of the personnel inspection module is shown in Figure.8.The personnel inspection module code is 01, the attendance code is 01, and the attendance information is 01.The attendance signal can be triggered and executed by the attendance button on the supervision terminal, and no information will be sent when there is no attendance.The inspection code is 02, and the inspection signal can be triggered and executed by the inspection button on the supervision terminal.When the inspection button is triggered, the inspection information is 01, which indicating that the water gate is faulty.The cloud platform administrator can remotely control the on-site camera to capture pictures or videos for verification.When the inspection button is not triggered, the inspection information is 02, which indicating that the water gate is operating normally.

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Encoding format of personnel inspection moduleThe water gate position control software adopts the commonly used PID control algorithm in industry, integrating multiple parameters such as gate position, water level, rainfall, flow, etc. to achieve closed-loop control and intelligent control, which can ensure the accuracy of gate position control and improve the reliability of small-scale water gate supervision.The structure diagram of the PID controller is shown in Figure9.The PID controller is mainly composed of a proportional unit (P), an integral unit (I), and a differential unit (D).The relationship between input e (t) and output u (t) is:

Figure 11 .
Figure 11.Physical image of intelligent supervision terminal

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Information Technology Co. Ltd Technical support：Zhejiang Dishi Information Technology Co. Ltd