Design and Prototype Testing of the Video Tracker Analysis-Based Uniformly Varied Rectilinear Motion Tool for Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion and Uniformly Decelerated Rectilinear Motion Experiments

Physics practicum activities have an important role in the learning process because they can provide convenience for students in proving theories. This research aims to develop a prototype uniformly varied rectilinear motion teaching aid based on a video analysis tracker in physics practicum. This study uses research and development with an ADDIE model. The research results show that when an object moves up, the object experiences slowed down, uniformly varied rectilinear motion. Meanwhile, when the object moves down, the object experiences uniformly varied rectilinear motion accelerated. The survey results show that 60% choose the option resulting from the uniformly varied rectilinear motion teaching aids provided adequately, 73.30% agree that the developed tool is easy to operate, and 73.30% experience an increase in understanding after using the tool. Thus, the design and testing of existing prototypes have been successful. The implications of this research can be used to improve students’ understanding of concepts through practicum activities. However, this study has limitations, namely, the results of data from Tracker Video Analysis are relatively inaccurate, both in terms of the ability of students to operate it and the inability of the device to operate it. Therefore, developing this research to obtain more accurate data is suggested.


Introduction
Learning activities for students will feel more meaningful if carried out through practical activities [1].Practicum activities are able to provide greater opportunities for students to be actively involved in learning activities [2][3][4][5][6].In addition, these activities can hone students' abilities in improving concentration, using tools, and critical thinking skills [7].Thus, practicum activities provide a lot of experience and knowledge during learning activities carried out.On the other hand, physics is a science that is closely related to everyday life [8][9][10].Phenomena in life are examined to produce new findings [11][12][13].One way to prove physics can be done by doing practical or experimental activities [14].Proving this knowledge will be more meaningful if realized by applying Vygotsky's theory by providing scaffolding during learning activities for students (while in the Zone of Proximal Development) [15][16][17].This is done to facilitate the achievement of learning objectives.The scaffolding in the learning process is the active provision of assistance during learning activities.[18][19][20].One way to provide service is by using practicum tools.Using these practicum tools is an important matter to make it easier to obtain experimental data [21].One of the causes of problems in learning physics is their lack of ability to operate practicum tools [22].Thus, practicum tools play an important role in carrying out experiments.
Tracker Video Analysis is a software that focuses on processing data using video [23,24].This application has advantages in terms of access.Namely, it is an open-source application that is not paid [25].This tool works by analyzing experimental data in the form of videos imported into the application [25,26].The software will analyze the imported video so that the required experimental data will be obtained.Thus, the motion of an object to be analyzed must be recorded first so that the video can be processed using existing software.In addition, it should be noted that this application can analyze various types of motion, such as translational motion, simple harmonic motion, rotational motion, and parabolic motion, with a high degree of accuracy [27].
The physics material studied in this study focuses on translational motion (accelerated and decelerated).The visual aid is used to conduct experiments in translational motion by analyzing the effect of changes in angle because of changes in the height of the inclined plane on the travel time, the speed of the object's motion, and the acceleration of the object's motion.In addition, this study distributed a questionnaire to analyze student responses to the feasibility of teaching aids to assist students in learning activities.Therefore, this study uses the experimental method to develop a uniformly varied rectilinear motion trainer based on a video analysis tracker in motion kinematics experiments.

Method
In researching and developing teaching aids for the practicum of straight and uniform movement, researchers used the RnD method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation).The research flow that we carried out can be seen in Figure 1.In this study, researchers used a population of physics education students.Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique, with the criteria that physics education students had studied basic physics practicum and experiments and had studied basic physics.The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, experimentation, and survey questionnaires.Observations were made to obtain data regarding teacher needs in practicum activities on uniformly varied rectilinear motion material.Collecting data through experiments is used to test the feasibility of the media and whether it can produce data following the theory.The data collection was conducted at the Basic Physics Laboratory of Surabaya State University from 23 May 2023 to 25 May 2023.Lastly, questionnaire data collection via a survey was conducted on 30 respondents from physics education students at Surabaya State University.
After data collection was carried out, the data were analyzed using 2 techniques.The experimental data will be analyzed using a quantitative description approach.This analysis technique aims to describe the characteristics of experimental results based on explanations of data phenomena in the form of numbers on the topic of uniformly varied rectilinear motion being accelerated and uniformly varied rectilinear motion being slowed down.The survey data in the form of qualitative data was analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model data analysis technique to support the data's validity and reliability.

Results and discussion
Based on the theory in kinematics, there is a constant change in acceleration on a moving object, which is called uniformly varied rectilinear motion.An object is said to experience uniform, straight-line motion if it has the following criteria, the movement always runs along a straight line.The acceleration of the mobile is constant, both in magnitude and in direction and sense.The mobile speed increases (or decreases) linearly.Since the acceleration remains constant over time t, the graph of its magnitude as a function of time is a straight line.The speed graph v about it is a straight line whose slope is equal to the acceleration of the mobile.The cut with the vertical axis indicates the initial speed.The equation for uniform motion is shown. (2) Based on the experimental results using a uniformly varied rectilinear motion aid based on video tracker analysis, the data will be processed using the following equation to obtain speed and acceleration data.
Based on the results of the video tracker analysis of the uniformly varied rectilinear motion props experiment, the results were obtained as in Table 1.
Then do the analysis in experiment 2, namely uniformly varied rectilinear motion is decelerated.In the data in Table 2, the greater the elevation of the track angle, the slower the travel time required.So, the speed and acceleration of the car is also slower.
Data from survey respondents on the use of the prototype Data from survey respondents on the use of the prototype Uniformly Varied Rectilinear Motion Tools.Based on the theory in kinematics, there is a constant change in acceleration on a moving.In addition to the experimental data obtained, in this experiment data was obtained related to student responses regarding practicum using uniformly varied rectilinear motion teaching aids based on Video Tracker Analysis.In this study as many as 30 respondents who came from students as prospective physics teachers.Student responses were obtained regarding practicum-based learning activities with the help of Video Tracker Analysis on uniformly varied rectilinear motion material, which was divided into 14 questions.Based on Figure 2, of the 30 respondents, more than 20% said they strongly agreed, 50% agreed, less than 10% said they disagreed, and no one said they strongly disagreed with the statement.So, it can be stated that the teaching aids developed are suitable and suitable for use.

The Data from trial results using the prototype Uniformly Varied Rectilinear Motion Tool.
Based on the theory in kinematics, there is a constant change in acceleration on a moving object.In Table 1, when an object moves downwards, the object experiences acceleration, where the greater the angle formed, the faster the object moves downwards.If an object moves downwards at the smallest angle, the acceleration of the object is also small.Meanwhile, if an object moves downwards at the largest angle, then the acceleration of the object is also large.The results of experimental data analysis are proven to be in accordance with the theoretical graph regarding uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion.So that the use of tracker video analysis based uniformly varied rectilinear motion teaching aids for practicum is said to be valid.
In Table 2, when an object moves uphill, the object experiences a slowdown where the greater the angle formed, the slower the object moves upward.If an object moves upward with the smallest angle, the acceleration of the object will be greater.Meanwhile, if an object moves upward with the largest angle, the acceleration of the object will be small.The results of the data analysis become graphs in accordance with the theory regarding uniformly decelerated rectilinear motion so that the video tracker analysis based on uniformly varied rectilinear motion props is declared valid and can be used as uniformly varied rectilinear motion practicum media.Data from survey respondents on the use of the prototype Data from survey respondents on the use of the prototype Uniformly Varied Rectilinear Motion Tools.Based on Figure 2, users who strongly agree with the development of this teaching aid are below 50%.So, we carried out several analyses of what caused the lack of respondents who strongly agreed with the teaching aids we developed.Table 3 shows that most of the responses obtained were positive.This is because most students provide responses related to a series of practicum processes that start from determining the idea of the experiment to formulating the conclusions of the experimental results is easy.However, in this series of activities, the comparison of the percentage of ease and difficulty in using Tracker Video Analysis has a ratio of 2: 1.This has the impact of not increasing student understanding before and after using the tools provided based on Tracker Video Analysis as the previous data.Thus, this kind of situation is related to the data obtained later.
Based on Figure 7, it shows that students still have a level of understanding that is lacking in the operation of Tracker Video Analysis, namely with a percentage of 43.3%, 16.7% of group members do not participate in the practicum process, 26.70% indicates that not all device/pc/laptop support with the Tracker Video Analysis application, 10% of students choose that the problem experienced is that the data analysis using Tracker Video Analysis is invalid, and the remaining 3.3% of the quality of the video used is if it is not in good condition, then analysis activities using Tracker Video Analysis is difficult.In addition, in this research it is known about student expectations related to the success rate of practicum using uniformly varied rectilinear motion teaching aids based on Tracker Video Analysis.Most of the data shows that students have expectations that the practicum carried out is successful with a percentage of 70%.This is due to the availability of tools the flexibility of operating the tools, and most students do not experience difficulties when carrying out the stages in the process of compiling existing practicum reports.

Conclusion
This study used two methods: experiment and survey on uniformly varied rectilinear motion visual aids based on video analysis trackers for motion kinematics experiments.The experiment uses two states, ascending and descending.In each condition, there are seven angle manipulations so that time can be generated using a stopwatch and video tracker, speed and acceleration.When an object ascends, it experiences a slowed uniformly varied rectilinear motion.When an object descends, the object experiences an accelerated, uniformly varied rectilinear motion.In the survey conducted, there were 30 student respondents as prospective physics teachers, with the response results being 60% choosing the uniformly varied rectilinear motion teaching aids provided adequately, 73.30% agreed that the tools developed were easy to operate, and most of the respondents experienced an increase in understanding between before and after the use of this teaching aid is equal to 73.30% of respondents.This teaching aid can be further developed in collecting time, speed, and acceleration data such as using the sensors on the tool, so it is hoped that the resulting data will be more efficient and accurate.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Flow diagram of steps in conducting research and development of teaching aids.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Student Responses to Provided Uniformly Varied Rectilinear Motion Teaching Aids.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3.Time relationship graph with displacement in uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Time relationship graph with velocity and acceleration in uniformly varied rectilinear motion.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5.Time relationship graph with displacement in uniformly decelerated rectilinear motion.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Time relationship graph with velocity and acceleration in uniformly decelerated rectilinear motion.

Table 1 .
Uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion experiment data.

Table 3 .
Student responses e in the process of implementation practicum activities.