Preliminary Study of Development of Chemical Equilibrium E-Module Integrated Virtual Laboratory for High School Students

The use of technology is essential in the twenty-first century, and this includes education. To reduce time and space constraints, educators and students need electronic-based learning materials. E-module is one type of alternate learning medium that can be employed. In order to produce e-modules on chemical equilibrium content, this project will investigate electronic-based learning materials. Since the subject of chemical equilibrium is abstract, students have a hard time grasping its notion. It is anticipated that the use of virtual laboratories and e-modules in chemical equilibrium learning materials will boost students’ competency and independence. To enable students to learn whenever and wherever they are, learning resources in the form of an integrated virtual laboratory e-module are therefore required. Students from SMAN 1 Padangsidimpuan, SMAN 5 Padangsidimpuan, and SMAS Nurul Ilmi Padangsidimpuan made up the research sample for this study, which employed a quantitative descriptive methodology. Needs analysis, idea analysis, and literature review were the three types of analysis used in this study. The methods used to acquire the data were observation, questionnaires, interviews, and relevant document research. The study’s findings point to a variety of issues with the learning process, particularly those that surround the choice of instructional tactics and laboratory experimentation. The findings of this study are anticipated to serve as the foundation for the creation of online modules and attempts to enhance senior high school chemistry instruction.


Introduction
The 21st century requires a variety of abilities that must be learned in order to survive.With this foundation in place, education must be able to help kids develop the skills they will need to succeed in life.The education of the twenty-first century combines ICT competence with knowledge, skills, and attitudes.There are four 21st century skill competencies: teamwork, communication, creativity and innovation, as well as critical thinking and problem solving [1]- [2].Today's technology also makes it possible to learn at any time, anyplace [3].

Preliminary Study of Development of Chemical Equilibrium E-Module Integrated Virtual Laboratory for High School Students
Technology is always being used into education in an effort to meet the demands of both students and teachers.Various technology-based activities have emerged as a result of technological advancements, enabling teachers and students to access material at any time and from any location [4].It offers a fantastic opportunity to copy the real world to the virtual world.Additionally, teachers must effectively express the subject in order for the learning objectives to be met.Therefore, we need a learning tool that is effective and efficient so that students may simply accept and comprehend the information supplied [5].
Teachers today must deal with kids who often utilize information technology, such as cell phones.Students frequently utilize their mobile devices to conduct basic business, play games, talk, and locate information [6].The use of electronic-based learning media by teachers in the classroom has not been fully realized.The practicum has not been incorporated into the teaching materials, which are still printed.Additionally, learning media are frequently disregarded for a number of reasons, such as a lack of time and space, trouble locating the appropriate media, and a lack of funding for their creation.This results in less than ideal student competency accomplishment.Many electronic-based learning resources must be created in order to address this [7].
An electronic module, or e-module, is one type of alternate learning medium that can be employed.Electronic modules, also known as e-modules, are a type of learning resource that are systematically organized in electronic form.Each sheet is linked to the next to make the learning process more interactive, and they are additionally furnished with images, instructional videos, animations, and audio to aid students in understanding the concepts covered in the learning material [8].The e-module is a development of a printed module that can be used anytime, anywhere, and on any device, including desktops, laptops, and mobile devices.E-modules have a considerable amount of validity, applicability, and usefulness in the learning process, according to several research findings on their use in chemistry education [9]- [14].
In contrast to print media, electronic-based learning resources are particularly useful.Both desktops and Android devices can be used by students to view and access educational content.The primary medium for fulfilling educational objectives and raising student learning quality is currently highly developed electronic media [15].Chemical equilibrium is one of the chemistry topics that may be taught utilizing electronic learning tools.Students in second grade in senior high school, study chemical equilibrium material at the conclusion of every odd-numbered semester.Students must grasp chemical balance as a precondition before learning about acid-base material, salt hydrolysis, buffer solutions, and Ksp.The macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic aspects of this material make it abstract, and the chemical equilibrium material is one of the notions that leads to misunderstandings [16]- [18].
Misconceptions have to do with how pupils build their mental models.In the dynamic equilibrium sub-material, there were 63% of students who did not comprehend the profile of students' mental models; 86% of students had misconceptions about the idea of equilibrium constants; and 53% of students had misconceptions about the material shifting towards equilibrium.As a result, pupils still have a poor comprehension of the concepts related to chemical equilibrium [19]- [20] Teachers have access to e-modules that include virtual laboratories and content on chemical equilibrium.A program called virtual laboratory, or V-Lab, can be used to support practicums and make them function normally.It is envisaged that this V-Lab would give students the chance to complete practice without needing to do so in a lab setting.This improves learning efficiency, particularly for online learning, and can also address the limits of laboratory infrastructure and resources while assisting students in understanding concepts from course materials [21[-[23].The purpose of the analysis of media needs is to outline the main issues surrounding the demand for media development in the form of chemical equilibrium material for e-modules.In order to produce e-modules on chemical equilibrium content, this project will investigate electronic-based learning materials.

Methodology
This study uses the quantitative descriptive method.Descriptive methods are used to obtain information about symptom status at the time of examination [24].The study sample was her three high school chemistry teachers and distributed questionnaires to her 198 students in SMAN 1 Padangsidimpuan, SMAN 5 Padangsidimpuan, and SMAS Nurul Ilmi Padangsidimpuan.
Teachers' interview papers and student questionnaires served as the research instrument.The students' questionnaire is closed, which means that the questions have already been answered and that no additional information may be contributed.The following computations sum scores above each indication once the respondent's qualitative responses have been transformed into an ordinal scale.Scores are then reported in percentage form.
The analysis of the literature review in this study was to measure the effect size of the experimental data in several scientific articles.The following is the statistical formula for effect size data processing [25].High level influence

Need Analysis
To determine if the development of the media is indeed necessary or not, this examination is required.Chemistry teachers were surveyed, and students completed questionnaires as part of the needs analysis process.Interviews with teachers and students are conducted in order to learn more about the educational resources that teachers utilize as well as the challenges that students experience.As can be seen in Table 3, the findings of the interviews conducted with three chemistry teachers at Padangsidimpuan High School revealed that the issues were essentially the same in all three institutions.Have you ever used teaching materials in the form of E-modules that are integrated with virtual laboratories?

Never yet
From the results of the questionnaire given to students, information was also obtained that the teaching materials used dominated the textbooks 74% and learning videos 60.7%, as can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Teaching materials used by the teacher
According to the findings of the interviews, the teacher's preferred teaching tools included worksheets, modules, learning videos, and powerpoints.According to the results of the questionnaire presented to the students, textbooks predominated among the teaching tools employed by the teacher.Textbooks are required reading material for Indonesian schools.Government package books based on the 2013 curriculum are available in schools, which is extremely beneficial for instructors and students.Its comprehensiveness and abundance of problem-solving exercises genuinely inspire pupils to think critically and mathematically.Students, however, ended up experiencing issues as a result of this existence.This 2013 curriculum-based package book is not appropriate for many children.
According to Anderson [26], textbooks often give too much information, which kills interest and results in monotony.Due to the prevalence of abstract problems in textbooks that must be completed by students and the level being too high for students to understand, students still find it tough.The educational process is modified in schools according to the degree of student development.Because unsuccessful learning activities are those that are out of step with the degree of student progress.In reality, teachers frequently just utilize one set of books.Although it is well recognized that textbooks don't cover everything in great detail, this means that they can't fully develop students' ideas and conceptions [27]- [28].In order to comply with the rules for manufacturing e-modules, researchers will develop a chemical equilibrium e-module.
Additionally, it was learned from the interviews that there were no electronic-based teaching resources and that the utilization of learning media for chemical equilibrium was still inadequate.The goal of ICT in education is to help teachers fulfill the demands of teaching in the twenty-first century by enhancing their preferred methods and approaches [29]- [30].
Another piece of information revealed the need for teaching materials, such as electronic modules, to be created because, in general, students do not always learn using teaching materials.It is hoped that by using engaging teaching materials, such as electronic modules, students will be able to change their perspective and see chemistry as a challenging but enjoyable subject.Numerous studies also demonstrate that ICT has a good impact on students' achievement in topics like math, science, and english [31]- [33].The goal of the chemical equilibrium teaching materials in the form of electronic modules is to get students interested and joyful about learning them, as well as to broaden their perspectives on technology use.
According to the findings of student questionnaires, chemical equilibrium material was content that students thought was challenging because there was too much of it.According to the Padangsidimpuan State High School student survey results, 83.8% of respondents said that chemical equilibrium material was challenging and 78.1% gave explanations.28.9% of students stated the content was too much, while the remaining students said it was too abstract and challenging because there were too many computations that were hard to understand.Chemical equilibrium material is one of the notions that leads to misunderstandings since it is abstract because it consists of three aspects: macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic [34]- [36].Chemical equilibrium is actually one of the fundamental concepts that students must grasp before moving on to the next chemical topic [37]- [40].diagram of reasons that state that equilibrium materials are difficult.

Concept Analysis
Analyzing the material to be taught involves looking at the topic matter.Additionally, material analysis is based on the findings of teacher interviews with chemists.To ensure that learning objectives are met, the employed material has been adjusted to the syllabus, learning implementation plans, and mathematical textbooks produced by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.According to the results of the concept analysis, students should be able to understand the following key ideas: reversible and irreversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium, equilibrium constants Kc and Kp, their relationship, dissociative equilibrium, factors influencing shifts in the direction of equilibrium, and equilibrium in industry.By employing a methodical approach to creating e-modules that are integrated with a virtual laboratory, chemical equilibrium materials can be created.

Study of Literature
The next analysis is a literature review from several relevant journals in this study regarding the use of teaching materials in the form of e-modules, which can be seen in Table 4.The use of e-modules in the table above had a significant impact on learning outcomes, with an effect size of 3.7.As a result of its impact on learning outcomes, this e-module is suitable for research use.Electronic modules are more frequently used than printed modules because they may convey abstract chemical concepts through macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic representations.This is a result of the support modules' incorporation of technology.An electronic module is one that employs technology to convey knowledge via interactive exercises and visualization principles.This idea of visualization is web-compatible and can be implemented as a digital movie, animation, simulation, or virtual lab.

Conclusion
It may be inferred from the findings of the observational research and interviews conducted at SMAN 1 Padangsidimpuan, SMAN 5 Padangsidimpuan, and SMAS Nurul Ilmi Padangsidimpuan as well as the discussion above that students continue to have issues with the availability of textbooks in classrooms.Chemical equilibrium content is challenging for students because it is abstract.In order to complement books in classrooms, teachers and students need teaching resources in the form of modules.We also learned that schools had not yet adopted electronic-based teaching resources as learning media.It is hoped that by using engaging teaching materials like electronic modules, students will be able to change their opinion and view chemistry as a challenging but enjoyable subject.Teaching materials like electronic-based modules must be developed because students do not always learn using teaching materials in general.Meanwhile, the systematic creation of e-modules that are integrated with a virtual laboratory can be used to prepare the materials for chemical equilibrium.According to the findings of a research review, using this e-module is beneficial since it influences learning outcomes.This electronic module, also known as an e-module, is intended to support teachers in carrying out educational activities and allow pupils to master material concepts on their own.

Figure 2 .
(a) A diagram that states that chemically equilibrium materials are difficult, and (b) A

Tabel 3 .
Results of Interviews with 3 High School Chemistry Teachers