Design and simulation of 60kWp solar on-grid system for rural area in Uttar-Pradesh by “PVsyst”

The load demand is increasing rapidly, with limited coal fired plants. In this situation, many researchers are trying to find a way through which, we can make the balance between energy demand and supply for the consumers. The renewable energy sources are gaining popularity as green, clean, and abundant sources of energy. Solar energy is available throughout the year in India and thus provides an alternate source of energy to fulfil the local load demand. The function of solar PV system, depends on the numerous factors i.e. site location, qualities of material to make system components and accessibility of solar radiation etc. In previous research work, many simulation based analysis have been done through PV-syst software package by considering solar photovoltaic system at different sites around the world. In this proposed paper, we are designing and simulating a “60kWp solar power plant” which is basically an on-grid type solar photovoltaic system by PV-syst software version 7.2.2 in rural area of Uttar-Pradesh, India. This analysis has been done for seasonal tilt angles i.e. 10° for summer season and 47° for winter season. Later on, detailed performance study and various losses descriptions are summarized in upcoming segments for the proposed system.


INTRODUCTION
From long time we are using conventional power plants for the purpose of Electricity demand fulfilment. Conventional ways to satisfy the power needs of the consumer become expensive in terms of human health and natural balance. In many research studies, solar energy is utilized for the production of electrical power, which is environmental friendly and reduces the effect of global warming. In previous research study, numerous applications of solar PV system for various locations around the world have been analysed. In India, design of solar rooftop on-grid system, of 2 kWp through PV-syst for the location in Odisha have been already studied. In addition to this work, the case study which was based on the grid connected rooftop solar system for the location of Ujjain with different software i.e. SolarGIS, PV-SOL, PVGIS, has been studied. Based on this analysis, we are designing and simulating a system of 60kWp by using the PV-syst software package, of solar On-grid system for the site located in Uttar-Pradesh, India. The coordinates of the working site are 27°59'21.19"N and 77°44'37.08"E. Fatehpur-village is located in Aligarh district of Utter-Pradesh, India. The population of this village is about 1000-1200 peoples and 200 habitations are available for the residents of the village. The availability of electrical energy for the villagers is about 6 to 7 hours per day for their daily needs. Fatehpur village has the great potential of solar irradiance on yearly basis i.e. 5.22 kWh/m 2 /day according to National Renewable Energy Laboratory by Homer-pro. By using PV panel, solar energy is directly converted into electrical energy. The output of a panel is normally a DC (Direct Current) format which can be easily stored in the batteries for later application. We can

METHODOLOGY
In this work, we are designing and simulating the solar power plant which is basically an on grid type system for the site Fatehpur rural area in Utter Pradesh. Design of such a system mainly depends on solar irradiance of the site location and some other factors like quality and type of material for the manufacturing of solar photovoltaic panels, types of converter circuits, connecting wire, and some auxiliary equipments etc. A software package known as "PVsyst" version 7.2.2 is used here. It has huge database of meteorological information, almost all locations of the globe. This package provides many features for the purpose of analysis i.e. On-grid system, Off-grid system, Hybrid system, Solarenergy based pumping system, Floating PV system etc. In this study, the solar irradiance is measured by "Meteonorm 8.0" which is provided by PV-syst software for the site located at 27°59'21.19"N and 77°44'37.08"E. In this work, functional details of 60 kWp solar on grid system for Fatehpur (U.P.) are given. The view of the work site is presented in figure 1.

2.1
PV-syst Software Package PV-syst is a software programme for the purpose of study, sizing and data analysis of solar photovoltaic system (SPV) completely, which helps in designing and simulation preparation to the research scholars and engineers. In this project for the purpose of simulation, an on-grid system with a capacity of 60kWp is done by using the latest version 7.2.2 of PVsyst software. It has various useful features of meteo and PV systems components database and general solar energy tools. It has a feature of collecting solar insolation information for any site of interest of all over the world. With this facility, an engineer can design the better system. PV-syst gives results, which consists of various graphs and tables, just only to help research scholars or industry person to analyse the results in the easiest way so that according to the simulation output, he/she can understand the merits and demerits or consequences of that particular project which they want to install and analysis on their site location. Useful variables of PV-syst are given below: Topographical data, Incident irradiance on collector plane, Incident energy parameters, PV module characteristics, Inverter losses, System operating conditions, Energy uses, Efficiencies, Normalized performance index (NPI) etc. [1] 2.2 System Architecture A grid-tied solar system consists of various equipments in which solar PV panels, solar inverter, net metering/ bidirectional meter, power grid, cables for connection purpose and electrical load etc are present. This system has the following features: 1. It works only with grid power supply.
2. It has capability of feeding unutilised solar energy to the grid. 3. It cannot be used for charging batteries directly from solar energy. 4. Cheaper than an AC off-grid system but does not provide power backup. 5. It saves on electricity bill etc.

Load Calculation
Here we are designing and simulating the solar system for electrification purpose of the whole village Fatehpur. Note:-'Q' represents the quantity of the product, 'W' represents the wattage of the product, 'H' represents the hours of application.

Data in PV-syst
To design the system by PVsyst, a set of data is necessary for this purpose. In this collection of data, the "latitude and longitude" of the selected site are required. And according to these coordinates of location, software will get the data of "solar irradiance" for the selected site through Mateonorm 8.0 feature which is available in version 7.2.2 of PV-syst. In next step, the proper value of tilt angle is necessary for orientation of PV panels suitably for different seasons, i.e. summer and winter months. Based on Indian weather conditions, we select the 10 degree and 47 degree respectively as tilt angles and zero degree azimuth angle for  Figure 3. Seasonal tilt angles.

Azimuth angle
To define the direction of the sunshine, Azimuth angle is required. Its value is zero if the PV panels are facing south direction in northern hemisphere. The angle between the sun's rays and true south is called as "Azimuth angle". Positive azimuth angle points a position East of South, while negative azimuth angle points West of South.

Albedo radiation
To measure the reflectivity or contemplatively of the earth's surface, the knowledge of Albedo is must. Rang of Albedo is varies between "0.9 to 0.1". The value of "Albedo" is higher in icy areas. The reflected radiation by earth and its object is called as "Albedo radiation".

Module Description
To design 60kWp system at Utter Pradesh, we are using PV panels of "Innotech Solar" manufacture 2014. Model no. of panel is "Design Black 250" each of 250 watt, silicon polycrystalline type.

Inverter data
In design of 60kWp system, we are considered Inverter capacity of 2kW each with model number AS-IR01-2000 (2kw) by AEG Industrial Solar Gmbh since 2017.

Solar Irradiance
The average solar irradiance at the place of location 27.9° N and 77.7° E is about 5.22kWh/m 2 /day, which is satisfactorily value for the production of electrical energy. The received solar energy per unit area is called as solar irradiance or irradiance. It is measure in W/m 2 . Maximum value of this insolation is occurs in summer season as compared with the winter duration.

SIMULATION RESULTS & DISCUSSION
A comprehensive detail including numerous tables and graphs acquired by PV-syst programme is explained in current segment. 30 units of inverter of capacity 2 kWp each and 240 units of PV panels of capacity 240 watt each are required for this system. After applying all important amendments, output power is obtained. In following figures, various variables and main results, evaluated from the PV-syst are given;

PV module
Manufacturer Generic  Fig. 3 presents the scatter diagram between energy inserted into the grid in kWh/day and global incident collection plane in kWh/m 2 /day. In this diagram, a small curvature is present, which is the indication of temperature effect. And some points which are equivalent to days are disturbed with respect to the diagram, which is the representation of the state of overloading.  Figure 3. Daily input-output details of the system. Fig. 4 represents the bar plots between normalized production and loss factor. It is an annually based representation. According to this graph, the energy given to consumer is 73.7 percent, and has the collection loss about 22.1% and system loss is approximately 4.2%.