Literature Study: Utilization of Android-Based Learning Media Using Adobe Flash CS 6 (As An Educational Solution During The Covid-19 Pandemic)

This literature study aims to determine the use of Android-Based Learning Media as a solution during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data using the literature method, namely by studying and reading literature related to the problems that are the object of research, such as books, articles, journals, surveys, news and other documents. The results of the study reveal that the number of Android users in Indonesia is quite high and increasing every year, such as in 2015-2018 an increase of 27%, so it will be effective if used as a learning medium. In addition, this pandemic condition causes the need for the use of Android-based Learning Media to be quite significant. In contrast to the ability of educators in mastery of technology, there are only 40% of educators who are ready for technology because for media creation at this time sufficient technological capabilities are needed, so the use of Android-Based Learning Media is quite low, especially those using Android applications based on Adobe Flash CS6. Where it is necessary to have regular training so that the competence of Educators is in accordance with the demands and conditions of the times. Especially with the current condition of the Covid-19 Pandemic, the ability of teachers in technology is needed to support the learning process. so that the use of Android-Based Learning Media is quite low, especially those that use Android applications based on Adobe Flash CS6. Where it is necessary to have regular training so that the competence of Educators is in accordance with the demands and conditions of the times. Especially with the current condition of the Covid-19 Pandemic, the ability of teachers in technology is needed to support the learning process. so that the use of Android-Based Learning Media is quite low, especially those that use Android applications based on Adobe Flash CS6. Where it is necessary to have regular training so that the competence of Educators is in accordance with the demands and conditions of the times. Especially with the current condition of the Covid-19 Pandemic, the ability of teachers in technology is needed to support the learning process.


Introduction
In December 2019, to be exact, the whole earth was shocked by the emergence of a new virus that causes disease outbreaks and can spread rapidly and cause fatalities, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-  or what is often called Covid-19 which is a outbreaks that can cause infectious diseases such as infections of the Human Respiration tract caused by viruses. The Indonesian government officially announced on March 2020, 2 Indonesian citizens who were positive for Covid-19. It's just that the identification of the first case in early March was already a transmission IOP Publishing doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1940/1/012127 2 between local residents and not an overseas case. The entry of the virus is very likely to occur through gates in several parts of Indonesia [5] . The number of people exposed to Covid-19 in Indonesia, updated on 4 September 2020, was confirmed to have increased by 3.269 people and healed 2.126 people and died 82 people [3] . The Covid-19 outbreak seems to have continued to increase from the previous month. Now what the government and society need to do is to be ready to face various challenges in the future during this pandemic, because the Covid-19 pandemic will take longer to handle until it is complete. Covid-19 has a very influential effect in various fields such as economy, social, tourism and education.
The education process, especially learning in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic, has changed drastically. The solution to keep education going is that it needs innovations so that educational goals can be achieved. According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia of 2003 No. 20, education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills that are needed himself, society, nation and state [8] . Therefore, the success or failure of an educational goal depends very much on its implementation. From this statement it can be concluded that the learning process must continue regardless of the circumstances. In an effort to reduce the spread of Covid-19 and the learning process can be carried out as usual, the government has made several policies to reduce this number, one of which is implemented in the education system in Indonesia. The learning process is carried out without face to face directly, but is held using a distance learning system. With the distance learning system, students are not required to attend school or campus to take part in the learning process.
The distance learning process can be carried out with various media, either using a Learning Management System (LMS) or using an Android Smartphone. Various platforms have been widely used such as Whatsapp, Messenger, Zoom, Google Clasroom, Hangouts Meet, and so on. A process like this is an educational innovation to answer the challenges of the availability of various learning resources during the Covid-19 pandemic. The majority of educators use media such as Whatsapp and Messenger which are used to interact, give assignments and discuss, but this is still lacking. Android Smartphones are electronic devices that are inherent in human life because Android Smartphones are a necessity for everyone in the digital age such as for work, selling, entertainment playing games, listening to music, chatting on social media, and also browsing to find knowledge. The use of Android-based Mobile Smartphones has become a habit of life and tends to be difficult to separate in the life of every society of all ages. This is because Android-based Mobile Smartphones are a primary need for most people. In fact, nowadays people tend to spend time with Android Smartphones and it makes Android more and more popular [10] .
Application of distance learning process or non face to face in Indonesia is a new thing, Indonesia looks stuttering with this digital era education system. It is evident from the number of reports and complaints that the government has received. Through the Covid-19 pandemic, it has been seen that many schools and teachers have low technological skills in utilizing the media. Now it becomes a joint evaluation if technology is the main solution that must be mastered. Currently, the main key to achieving learning objectives is the presence of technology as a learning medium. As said Schramn (1977), instructional media is a messenger technology that can be used for learning purposes [15] .
Quoted from Tempo.co, the survey was conducted by the Pew Research Center with a total of 30,133 respondents in 27 countries, which was conducted from 14 May to 12 August 2018. In the survey, it can be seen that the comparison of Smartphone and ordinary Cellphone ownership among adults was revealed. Indonesia's position is in 24th place out of 27 countries. The use of Android in Indonesia is quite high [17] . With the development of Android-based learning media it is expected to be able to increase student learning motivation because currently the learning process with conventional media in Biology subjects makes students not motivated in learning, in line with the use of Android Smartphones among adolescents. which is currently very high, Learning media is a messenger technology that can be used by teachers to deliver lessons [1] . So, this Android-based learning media is expected to be a solution during the Covid-19 pandemic and can  Safaat (2015), "Android is an operating system for linux-based mobile devices which includes an operating system, middleware, and applications" [13] . Apart from being expected to be a learning solution during the current Covid-19 era that cannot be face-to-face. The development of Android-based learning media is also expected to be able to increase learning motivation because currently the learning process using conventional media makes students less motivated in learning [9] . Along with the opportunities for Android Smartphone users among teenagers, especially students, which are currently very high, it is hoped that this Android-based learning media can be another solution for teachers or students to be more motivated in the process of teaching and learning activities with the technology that is in their hands, namely Android. There are many application maker software for Android-based learning media, one of which is Adobe Flash CS 6, which is a software specially designed by Adobe and the Standard Authoring Tool Professional application program that can be used to create animation and bitmaps that are very interesting for website development purposes. interactive and dynamic. Currently, the results of making flash can be used as an Android-based program which later can be used for Android-based learning media. The advantages of the application produced by Adobe Flash CS 6 are easy to use, do not require an internet connection unless we want, such as evaluation using Google forms and easy to install on Android devices. The drawback is that this application requires additional installation on Android, namely Adobe Air. But it is not a big problem because it does not require large memory storage.
This literature study aims to identify the use of Android-Based Learning Media as a solution during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, to identify the use of Android, advantages, obstacles, problems in using Android-based learning media so that it can be a solution in the distance learning system during this pandemic Covid-19 time.

Method
The method used in this research is literature study where the collection of information and data is obtained from various sources, namely by means ofstudy and read literature related to problems that are the object of research such as previous research, articles, journals, news, books, theses and other documents, then serve as references and sources of information and data. This information and data support the author's ideas which are used as the basis for writing articles on the use of Android-Based Learning Media as an educational solution during the Covid-19 time.

Android Smartphone Users in Indonesia
Ownership of Android in Indonesia is quite high, this can be seen from a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center from 14 May to 12 August 2018 in Indonesia. Of all users in Indonesia, 43% own an Android Smartphone, 28% own a regular cellphone, and 29% do not own a cellphone [17]. This means that the use of an Android Smartphone is quite high. This can be seen in the graph in Figure 1, so that now many services or businesses have developed on Android Smartphone devices such as buying and selling, transportation, ordering tickets and others including the world of education. With a high enough number of ownership, it is expected that the use of Android Smartphones can be used optimally in the education sector by developing it as a learning medium. The increase in Smartphone users in Indonesia is quite high. For young users (18-34 years) useSmartphone experience an increase from 39% to 66% from 2015-2018. Meanwhile, for users over 50 years of age, Smartphone users also increased from 2% in 2015 to 13% in 2018 [18]. Every year there is a significant increase, especially at the age of students. With the increasing use of Smartphones, we should slowly switch to using smartphones for useful activities such as in the world of education by starting to innovate in making learning media, because we can get all the information through Smartphones. It is true that the role of educators cannot be replaced by Smartphones, but in the current Pandemic, the role of Smartphones can help facilitate the learning process without face to face. When compared to other devices such as laptops or computers, Distance learning systems in Indonesia vary widely. Apart from using LMS (Learning Management System), another method used is assigning tasks through chat applications, namely Whatsapp Group, Zoom and Mesengger which are more widely used today because they provide the concept of online lectures, make videos then send to Whatsapp and Mesengger utilizing free content from various sources. The advantage is that educators are familiar with the application so that it is easier to operate. But it also has disadvantages such as learning that is less focused on material. In addition to systems that are carried out online or offline, blended learning can also be applied which is a combination of the two. Of course, this system is the result of the weaknesses of both systems [11] .
According to Kuswanto [6] . This Android-based learning media certainly has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this Android-based learning media are: 1. Easy to use, attractive and simple 2. Learning can be anywhere 3. Learn offline or not connected to the internet Besides having several advantages, this product also has disadvantages. The drawbacks, namely 1. Requires an Android with high enough specifications at least 1 GB of RAM and 4 GB of internal memory so that the learning media program can run smoothly.

2.
Products only discuss certain materials [6] According to Muyaroah, et al. [9] Learning with Android-based learning media makes the learning atmosphere fun, and students can study anytime and anywhere. With the high interest and motivation to learn possessed by students, the learning outcomes obtained by students also increase. This Android-based learning media has the advantage that this media has a more attractive design appearance, both in terms of colors, writing, images and animation. This media is easy to use, understandable and easy to understand by students, the buttons in the media can also function properly according to the instructions for using the media. Material and practice questions are in accordance with competency standards or basic competencies and are equipped with pictures and animations so that students don't get bored in their use [9] .
The advantages of the application produced by Adobe Flash CS 6 are easy to use, do not require an internet connection unless we want, such as evaluation using Google forms and easy to install on Android devices. The drawback is that this application requires additional installation on Android, namely Adobe Air. But it is not a big problem because it does not require large memory storage.

Analysis of the needs of Android-Based Learning Media for a solution to the Covid-19 Pandemic
In the use of Android-based media, it is necessary to analyze students whether Android-based media using Adobe Flash CS6 can be a solution during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The result is that 85% of students are able to use Smartphones, 94% feel they really need media, 92% feel motivated by using media, 96% need media in learning in the form of theory or practice, 72% of students find it easy with media that contains audio, video and animation [4] . With the high use of Smartphones and the needs of students for media, the use of Android based on Adobe flash CS 6 can be a solution, because applications made on Adobe Flash CS 6 can contain text, audio, visual, animation and audio-visual.

Feasibility of Android-Based Learning Media
To see the feasibility of Android-based learning media, it is necessary to test the validity, effectiveness and practicality. The validity test is carried out by consulting with experts. The validated aspects include construct aspects, content aspects, graphic aspects and language aspects. Meanwhile, the evaluation of the effectiveness of Android-based learning media was carried out by looking at the test of student learning outcomes, namely from evaluating the competence of students while using Android-based learning media. The practicality test was carried out by filling out practicality response questionnaires by educators and students to the use of Android-based learning media.
Valid comes from the word "validity" which means the extent of accuracy and accuracy of a measuring instrument in performing its measuring function. According to Arikunto [22] validity is a measure that shows the level of validity of a test. According to Nursalam (2003) validity is a measure that shows the level of validity or validity of an instrument. Based on research from Kuswanto [6] on validation by media experts, a percentage of 78.30 was obtained with a good predicate, evaluation of design experts was obtained with a good predicate, and material experts assessed products made with a percentage of 80 good titles. Slameto (2003) defines "Effectiveness is the conformity between students and learning outcomes". Based on this opinion, it can be said that the effectiveness of learning is a process that students must go through to achieve learning outcomes. Based on research from Purwanto [45] , which conducted research on Android-based biology learning applications, it can be concluded that this learning application can help increase the value of students. This is evidenced by the results of the overall system testing of 29 respondents with the 8 questions that the researcher asked, the effectiveness test obtained a score of 76.5%. Then, before the simulation exam was carried out, the average score of students was 74, after the UAS simulation was carried out the average score was 81.2.
From the practical level aspect, according to Pratama et al. [12] , shows that the practical value of Android-based biology learning media is 87.92% with very practical criteria [12] . This shows that the Android-based biology learning media is practical or easy to use by educators or students as a learning medium. However, the problem in its use is the mastery of educator technology in making learning media.
Based on the results of the studies that have been mentioned above, Android-based learning media can be said to be a medium that has enormous potential in helping the learning process. According to the Head of the Center for Information and Communication Technology for Education and Culture (Kapustekkom) Ministry of Education and Culture Gogot Suharwoto said only 40% of educators are ready for technology, 60% are not ready for technology [18] . Educators' ability in technology is needed in making media, especially those based on Android using Adobe Flash CS 6. So that the lack of use of this Android-based application at every level of education.

Challenges and Constraints in Utilizing Android-Based Learning Media
The popularity of Adobe Flash CS 6 as a learning medium is still quite lacking among educators and students. This is evidenced by the lack of research and development on the use of Adobe Flash CS 6 carried out by educators, most of the research and development is carried out by students or researchers but not quite widely applied in schools by educators. This application requires expertise in making applications such as programming languages and application design, meaning that educators are required to have this ability if they want to use applications with Adobe Flash CS 6. When compared with other application maker software such as Android Studio, Adobe Flash CS 6 is classified as easier and does not require a programming language and application design that is too difficult. It's just that the shortcomings of Adobe flash CS6 require other applications installed on Android to run applications that have been made, namely Adobe Air. There needs to be regular training so that the competence of educators is in accordance with the demands. Especially with the current condition of the Covid-19 Pandemic, the ability of teachers in technology is needed to support the learning process so that learning objectives can be achieved as appropriate.

Conclusion
Advances in technology have made distance learning easier. Just how educators create updates to the learning system. It's not really difficult if you are used to it, but it is an obligation for an educator to have competence in technology as a learning solution in today's digital era. The role of educators cannot be replaced by technology, but an educator who has no competence in the field of technology is easily replaced. Start by making learning innovations on a small scale. So it is hoped that large-scale innovation can be created later.
The Covid-19 virus pandemic is very frightening. Everyone around the world hopes that this nonnatural calamity will end soon, so that all our activities will return to normal. We as humans can only pray and think positively about what is happening now. There must be a lesson we can take from this incident. For example evaluating in the field of education. The educational problems that arose during Covid-19 must be improved and solutions sought. Until the education system in Indonesia is always ready to face the challenges and even the worst.
Utilization of Android-Based Learning Media Using Adobe Flash CS 6 is somewhat lacking. Whereas during this pandemic students really need media, we have seen this from the analysis of student needs and the level of practicality. It is true that the role of educators cannot be replaced by Smartphones, but in the current Pandemic, the role of Smartphones can help facilitate the learning process without face to face. The thing that becomes an obstacle is the mastery of educators in making media, especially those based on Android. There needs to be regular training so that the competence of educators is in accordance with current developments and problems, for example during the Covid-19 Pandemic, a media that can be a bridge connecting knowledge from educators to students is very much needed.