High performance computers: from parallel computing to quantum computers and biocomputers

Various programming methods are considered. Particular attention is paid to parallel programming, quantum computers and biocomputers. This attention is due to the fact that in recent years, high-performance computing has been intensively developing. One of the main ideas for increasing the speed of information processing is to carry out calculations in parallel. For classical programming methods this is achieved thanks to the advent of multiprocessor computers. Such computers allow computational tasks to be parallelized by introducing parallelization elements into classical programming languages. Another approach to speed up computation is based on the idea of a quantum computer. The use of qubits in quantum computers leads to the fact that all possible states of the system are simultaneously processed. Another approach leading to increased computing performance is based on the development of biocomputers. This approach is based on the idea of using DNA chains consisting of a sequence of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine). The information is stored and processed as a sequence of these nitrogenous bases. An increase in the speed of calculations is carried out due to the fact that biochemical reactions can take place simultaneously on different parts of the DNA - chains.