Formulation of a Refined Nonlinear 8-noded Brick Element for Simulation of Manhole under Vehicle Loads

Establishing a calculation procedure of stress and residual deformation of manhole under vehicle impact loads is meaningful for improving the design and rehabilitation of the manhole. By using corotational procedure, this paper presents formulation of a refined nonlinear 8-noded brick element. Theoretically, the element is capable of analyzing very large deformation in efficiency, and has the advantage of adopting to any kind of nonlinear material model. A rigorous continuum mechanics basis to the corotational framework is provided and a corotational kinematical model for geometrically nonlinear analysis is also derived with locking reduction in 3D brick elements.