The digital strategic partnership of covid-19 pandemic in the perspective of national resilience in indonesia

As Indonesia officially acknowledged as one of the countries infected by Covid-19, a solution model is needed during a pandemic, not only because of Covid-19, but also to anticipate a pandemic in the years to come. The theories used were the theory of the information society, the theory of covid-19, and the theory of the public private partnership. While the methodology used was qualitative. The results of the research described how to find solutions and also in the form of a solution model with mutual synergy. Given that this pandemic will end, we need a multidisciplinary approach, one of which is from the perspective of national resilience.


Introduction
Indonesia is among the countries affected by Covid-19. Indonesia becomes one of the countries infected with Covid-19, which the President announced it publicly on March 2, 2020. The two patients infected with Covid-19 reside in West Java, namely in the city of Depok. They are mother and daughter. The daughter was Sita, who got infected from a Japanese citizen while visiting a cafe in the Kemang area of Jakarta. The Japanese citizen was only found out positive for Covid-19 when he was in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia at the end of February. The search was immediately carried out. Sita herself has experienced Covid-19 symptoms and was seeking treatment at Mitra Depok Hospital. However, it was later referred to RSSPI Kemayoran, Jakarta. The two patients were finally declared cured a few days after being treated.
However, the impact of this pandemic from health shocks to financial and social crises is unprecedented. Social distancing and temporary closure in micro companies have hindered human activity. The International Labor Organization plans to minimize working time to 195 million full-time employees by the second quarter of 2020. In comparison to other crises, workers are hit on two key networks. The fall in demand for jobs is due to the decreased of human activity, the rich consequences of the global recession as well as the short-term reduction in labor supplies arises from termination of non -productive manufacturing activities in some nations.
Those issues impact but the world that faces tremendous human growth disparities -impacting insecurity and disaster preparedness. This is too soon for a detailed review of the human development effects of COVID-19. So, an effect on the capacity of individuals to use a variant of the Human Development Index (HDI) which would be more sensitive to the consequences of COVID-19 can be measured.

Literature Theory
The government gives the private sector the right (often exclusive rights) to sell services or products to the public. The private sector will receive fees in the form of Public-Private Partnerships, which are defined as arrangements in which the government requires capital incentives, the need for infrastructure with a long-term life, and a combination of financing the development of the desired facilities between the government and the private sector (most of the costs are usually financed by the private sector); Divestment means the government releases its responsibilities by way of sales, by free transfer or by liquidation; and Displacement, which means the private sector growing and taking over government activities. Privatization in the form of displacement is a more passive or indirect process that allows the government to gradually displace more or less of its role to the private sector.
"The Public-Private Partnership aims to support the provision of infrastructure, community facilities, and related public services" [1]. In almost all countries, there is currently an increasing need for the quality and quantity of services and infrastructure. For a longer time (typically 3-8 years), the government left all management (Operation and Maintenance) of the infrastructure or public services to the private sector typically with fixed fees. Management agreements cover road repair and maintenance, solid waste landfill, water treatment plant operations and public facilities management (hospitals, sports stadiums, parking lots, schools). Lease contract is arrangement under which the private party pays a lease cost (fixed cost) and controls, retains and operates the arrangement by collecting fees from customers of the facility for the temporary use of the public facility. Commercial costs are borne by citizens/private parties. A simple classification of privatization includes three groupings of government privatization in carrying out service functions and also ownership of companies and assets, that is Delegation. It is called so as the government still has responsibility but invites the private sector to provide public services [2]. The delegation consists of cooperation contract, outsourcing, Public-Private Competition and Franchise.
The government gives the private sector the right (often an exclusive right) to sell a service or product to the public. The private sector will receive fees in the forms of fees, Public-Private Partnerships, which are defined as arrangements in which the government requires capital incentives, (1) the need for infrastructure with a long-term life, and a combination of financing the development of the desired facilities between the government and the private sector (most of the costs are usually financed by the private sector); (2) Divestment, which means the government releases its responsibilities by way of sales, by free transfer or by liquidation; and (3) Displacement, which means the private sector growing and taking over government activities. Privatization in the form of displacement is more passive or an indirect process that allows the government to gradually displace more or less of its role to the private sector.
Filippa Lentzos, who studied biomedicine and safety at Kings College London, states that the chances of Covid-19 stemming from a biological research leak were very high. He and his colleagues were currently conducting research related to it. The assumption is that humans working in the laboratory are exposed to the virus and in the end transmitted it to other humans. Meanwhile, according to Richard Pilch, who works in the non-proliferation section of chemical and biological weapons at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in California, there are polybase cleavage sites that can increase the infection of a virus in Covid-19. This kind of improvement is possible only through genetic engineering in laboratory experiments. These assumptions also appeared in the Washington Post on April 14. Two cables from officials of the US embassy in China who visited WIV several times said that this laboratory conducted studies leading to the corona virus [4].
Meanwhile, Shi Zhengli who leads WIV denied this allegation. He has instructed his team to send samples and sequence the genome of the existing virus. As a result, there are no mishandling of samples, especially during disposal. "It really takes the burden off our minds" [4]. Referring to all these theories, it is still possible that the corona virus actually originated from human engineering. Likewise, the possibility that this virus has proven to have infected millions of people in the world and resulted in the deaths of so many from various countries.

Research Methodology
A case study is the tool applied in this research. There are three types of studies in the case study method: 1) intrinsic case studies; 2) experimental case studies; and 3) collective case studies. Instrumental case study was employed by researchers to analyze a specific case with an aim at offering a viewpoint on a theory problem or change. In this case, this is just a help instead of a study emphasis, that makes it easier for us to grasp something else. The choice of a case using this approach is because of the researchers' willingness to increase their knowledge of other interests. More principles and hypotheses relevant to digital strategic alliances were explored in the context of this study [3].

Research Result
It is not the first time that mankind is met with a pandemic. Black death had turned medieval Europe's economic and social systems upside down. In order to secure travel and trade, Italy pioneered Renaissance quarantine and other containment measures. In the mid-19th century, the global cholera epidemic led to unprecedented global public health collaboration in international sanitation conferences. Nearly exactly 100 years ago, the huge worldwide revolution after World War I led to the spread of the influenza virus, causing one of the worst pandemics ever registered: the 1918 influenza pandemic. And just over 10 years ago, hundreds of thousands died during the H1N1 pandemic. The recent appearance of new zoonoses (that is, one that jumped from non-human to human) in many parts of the world, along with the renowned zoonotic disease epidemic (Ebola), have had a huge effect on many parts of the globe. AIDS caused more than 32 million dead since the beginning of the 1980s. Over the years, scientists have shown that human stresses on the environment are increasingly at risk for this form of transmission along with our globalized world which is propagating the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
However, the impact of this pandemic from health shocks to economic and social crises is unprecedented. Social distancing and temporal closure in small businesses have hindered human activity. The International Labor Organization plans to minimize working time to 195 million full-time employees by the second quarter of 2020. In comparison to other crises, workers are hit on two key networks. The fall in demand for jobs is due to the decreased of human activity, the rich consequences of the global recession, and the short-term reduction in labor supplies arises from the termination of non-essential manufacturing activities in some countries.
These shocks are reaching a wealthier world than ever but face significant gaps in human development -impacting vulnerability and preparedness for crises. It is too early to determine the effect of COVID-19 on human development in full. It is, however, possible to estimate the effect of a more sensitive variant of the Human Development Index (HDI) on people's ability to use COVID-19. This amended index retains the standard HDI dimensions but updates education metrics to reflect the impact and mitigating steps of school closures. What matters to skills is whether students actually participate in educational activities, which rely on access to schools and learning opportunities on the physical and virtual (internet). The updated index also used estimates of gross national income per capita for 2020 from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). A new Lancet World Health report on infant mortality changed the life expectancy at birth by 2020 (based on the UN updated World Population Prospects 2019). This scenario is considered low based on a previous report on child mortality reported in the Lancet Global Health. In this case, the global birth life expectancy for 2020 was projected to exceed its 2019 mark.
Although not all schools are closed worldwide, most are simulated and executed using a custom HDI Covid-19 project, leading to a significant decline in efficient education due to school closings in the world in 2020 which affected close to nine out of 10 students and deep recessions in most economies (including a 4% fall worldwide in GNI per capita). A drop in the index -representing a reduction in capability -will equal all human development gains over the past six years. The results of the simulation indicated an unparalleled skill shock since the idea of human development was implemented in 1990. If access to schools is restored, education skills will quickly recover -while the income dimension will follow the economic recovery route after the crisis. Cooperation is necessary to resolve the Covid-19 pandemic so that the country does not have a prolonged crisis, including the Public Private Partnership (PPP). According to scholars, there are several definitions of PPP, one of which is proposed by William J. Parente of USAID Environmental Services Programme, who defined PPP as "an agreement or contract, between a public entity and a private party, under which: (a) private party undertakes government function for the specified period of time, (b) the private party receives compensation for performing the function, directly or indirectly, (c) the private party is liable for the risks arising from performing the function and, (d) the public facilities, land or other resources may be transferred or made available to the private party" [8].
Based on the explanation above, a number of features in PPP can be taken such as the existence of a government-private sector arrangement, the private party performs its role in using the asset, all parties shall be paid directly or indirectly for a certain period of time, and the private party shall be responsible for the risk. Created during the cooperation implementation. The PPP principle will support the State as owner of the properties, as the private sector can provide financing for the construction of infrastructures and perform operations when the properties used as objects are completed in the development phase. Each group profits from this partnership both directly and indirectly. The government as the owner of the properties and the private sector itself definitely profit from this.
With the introduction of the Public Privat Pathnership theory, the existing BMN management system will change its point of view. When an active BMN is controlled professionally, it will provide the state with significant advantages as the owner of BMN. In the Public Privat Pathnership definition, several sectors can be manipulated or used. In addition to infrastructure projects, non-infrastructure projects can also be used The new paradigm is the paradigm for considering government revenue potential if an asset is to be used in the context of KSP. Besides how the automated strategic process is carried out, we also need a food safety development process.
For example, Switzerland provides an illustration in this aspect, which makes it possible to minimize this risk. Another case in Geneva, an initiative to attract private partners for the provision of digital public services is being implemented [9]. Thus, private partners manufacture and technically provide services to individual qualified end users. In this regard, the legal responsibility for the provision of relevant public services and complete control over classified information remains with the state. The contract between the public and private partners stipulates terms of cooperation, remuneration and penalties (if services are not provided or abuse is committed). The advantage of this scheme is that the end user reduces the time costs until the state agency fully completes the manufacturing and control processes before receiving service. Thus, the contractor is responsible to the state for digital service functionality, but the state is responsible to the end user for digital service provision and regulatory compliance [10].
It is in line with Tendall et al., (2015) [7] who create a conceptual framework for the resilience of the food system and explore how it is possible to incorporate a conceptual framework through stakeholder engagement to ensure food protection for everyone. In the meantime, they made a contribution to food studies by introducing a conceptual and interdisciplinary research agenda known as the Food System as stated by Doherty et al., (2019) [5]. The definition of resilience has been used extensively in different areas, one of which during this pandemic is in the digital strategic sector. In economic activities, food, and also during the Covid-19 pandemic, the synergy process is also important. During the Covid-19 pandemic in the light of NATO (2018) resilience in disasters, the form of a combination of digital partnerships is the community's ability to withstand shocks quickly and easily and combine civil preparedness with military capability [6]. Resilience in this disaster is very special, especially the covetous case study in Indonesia, where the government also implements the PSBB and the New Normal. There is a need for synergies between elements to resolve this disaster and the effects of the recession immediately, particularly for small economic actors and MSMEs that survive this pandemic.

Conclusion
Various ways were undergone to overcome the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia that occurred in 2020 by the government such as the holding of the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) in various regions and the implementation of new normal. New normal is an effort made by the government to limit activities in accordance with health protocols but still, have social activities. With the existence of digital partnerships and national security schemes during the pandemic, they provide strategies on how to survive, be able to work together, and synergize in doing business in Indonesia.