Simulation of Mixing Synthetic with hydrocarbons Refrigerant to Reduce the Value of Global Warming Potential with Refprop Software

The problem of global warming or called GWP (Global Warming Potential) that occurs in the earth’s atmosphere, one of which comes from synthetic refrigerants used in household air-conditioning refrigeration machines. R410A is a refrigerant that still contains GWP: 1942. Hydrocarbon refrigerant is a refrigerant that does not contain ODP (Ozone Depleting Potential) and a very small GWP. By using ref prop software, the mixing process can be simulated to obtain refrigerants that have characteristics similar to R410A. Mixing using R32 / R290 ingredients varied with percentage compositions ranging from 50/50, 40/60, 30/70, 20/80, and 10/90. From the simulation results, a mixture approaching R410A with 10/90 composition with COP: 3.85 for R410A and 5.76 for 10/90 mixture was obtained. Compression ratio: R410A: 2.8 and for mixed refrigerants 10/90: 1.8. The refrigerant effect of mixed refrigerants is 10/90: 264,13, R410A: 161,68. By using this refrigerant mixture can reduce the GWP and improve the performance of the Air Conditioning cooling system so that it has a reduced GWP value that can be obtained significantly and has a large enough potential to replace the R410A.


Introduction
Synthetic refrigerants generally contain Chloroand Fluoro which can potentially damage the atmospheric environment or commonly called ODP (Ozone Depleting Potential) and GWP (Global Warming Potential) [1]. R410A refrigerant is a type of mixed (zeotropic) synthetic refrigerant consisting of R32/R125 with the composition (50% / 50%). GWP R410A value of 2088, boiling point: -51.44 ° C and critical point: 71.34 ° C. In support of regulations initiated by a number of countries with environmental concerns named country article 5, they have agreed to an HCFC removal program and a reduction in GWP contained in refrigerants [1]. Hydrocarbon refrigerant is a type of refrigerant that is friendly to the environment because it does not contain ODP and GWP: <4, but this refrigerant has flammable properties. R290 (propane) refrigerant is a natural refrigerant this is a single refrigerant and has a boiling point of -44.47 ° C, a critical temperature of 96.74. R32 is a single refrigerant that has properties similar to R410A, Non-ODP, and Low GWP so that both refrigerants have the potential to be mixed in order to get results that are close to the characteristics of R410A. In conducting experiments and formulating mixtures using Refprop software by analyzing the sides of saturated pressure, temperature, enthalpy, the entropy of refrigerant density [2].

Literature Review
The characteristics of refrigerant can be seen from the physical and thermodynamic properties inherent in each refrigerant [1]. The methodology used to obtain the results of R32 refrigerant mixture with R290 by formulating the variable mass of the mixture into refprop software. Mixing simulation is done starting from the mixture with the lowest and highest percentage by taking into account the pressure line graph and saturated steam temperature. By using a graph display of pressure and temperature obtained through the simulation results are then analyzed their performance through calculations with the refprop software. R32/R290 refrigerant mixture variations consist of 5 (five) variations: 50/50, 40/60, 30/70, 20/80 and 10/90. Each composition was analyzed and compared with R410A performance. The calculated performance is cooling effect, Compression Work, Coefficient of performance (COP), Compression ratio, Heat discharged through the condenser [4].
Selecting refrigerants as research material with a simulation method with software. Before carrying out the process of mixing refrigerant with refprop software, first look for the characteristics of the refrigerant that has potential and has the characteristics and characteristics close to the R410A refrigerant. Refrigerant to be used as a mixture is R32 with R290 by varying the composition of the refrigerant mass. From the results of the simulation formulation with software, the results can be seen in Figure 1. below [7]:   The results of the simulation of the ratio of pressure and temperature in the mixture 10/90 differences are starting from the temperature of 15-40 °C compared with R410A. With details can be seen in Figure 6.Below:  Using refrigerant mix can get higher compression work is obtained in refrigerants with a mixture for the all composition if we compare with R410A.because influence for R32 subtance of high pressure.
The most optimal COP of each composition is in the highest mixture 10/90 is 5,76 for all mixtures and R410A with a value: 3,85 because influence from refrigeration effect and latent heat for R290 is very high. And also R32 has normal boiling point is -51,76°C.
The heating value in the condensation process occurs in the most efficient condenser is a refrigerant with a composition of 40/60 with a value of 275.28 kJ /kg Performance Results R32/R290 Hydrocarbon refrigerant mixture.
As a suggestion to continue the performance test direct on the Air conditioning unit