Effective Design and Implementation of Three Port Hybrid Converter for Hybrid Power Sources

With the improvement in the power electronics innovations, a bigger amount of PV panels are integrated as power energy sources into distributed power generations systems leads to the betterment of hybrid renewable energy systems. Enhancement in a renewable hybrid generation system is required because it is the future origin of power where we are expected to produce a lot of yield voltage. It tends to be finished by utilizing the plan of the converter design. In recent days, the developing method on hybrid power generation systems makes it more beneficiaries on the power systems domain. So, an integrated three port converter with combinations of PV cell/fuel cell/battery systems is proposed here. We need to effectively increase the generation to meet up with the power demand by boosting output power. To build the effective yield power by a blend of photovoltaic (PV)/Fuel cell energy unit with the assistance of the structure strategies of the three-port converter dependent on five switches connect DC-DC support converter. Along these lines, we could accomplish a superior productivity is verified with MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation results and scale down the model is developed.


Introduction
These days power is an essential requirement throughout everyday life, such the increase in demand leads to researches on generations of power. The hybrid renewable energy generation is the booming trends on the power system in order to provide the proper, boosted voltage of the energy generated [1]. The hybrid renewable energy typically consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together to produce increased system efficiency additionally as an energy supply to produces more generated power. Example Models for the hybrid sustainable power source framework are blending of the photovoltaic and battery [1], photovoltaic with super capacitor [3] and so on right now, the proposed framework has a mix of the photovoltaic cell and a fuel cell a power device to expand the design of more effective converter configuration to create an enormous boost of DC voltage [4].
As we all know that solar energy is the major key solution for renewable energy sources. We need to integrate numerous PV cell to generate a huge power by using a converter (i.e. boost converter) [2]. Along with the PV cell in this proposed system we use the fuel cell technology for the continuous constant output design to A PV/fuel cell hybrid system acting as a source which includes an MPPT controller to find and use the maximum energy output voltage from each PV array. Energy storage systems using the fuel cell is the major recent technologies to overcome the need for electricity at times of the demand. Power generation techniques from the sources are sun based, wind-based, small hydro and daily load cycles [2]. The storage of energy uses nickel-metal hydride, lead-acid battery, and a super capacitor [5].

Proposed systems
This project proposal focuses on boosting of voltage using DC/DC power converter to increase the output power of the solar panel [9]. Since the solar panel power generated is always less in magnitude and they must be increased to have a large amount of power generation [7]. This converter utilizes five M O S F E T switches connect the controller to control the energy production to produce a continuous output voltage.
The integration of the PV/ fuel cell with the simple modified three-port converters to increase the power density [5]. Such the design of the converter involves the maximum increase in the reliability and dynamic response of the output of the converter [8]. Various five-switch bridges involve the different four modes of operations that include the integrated half-bridge, half-bridge, hybrid bridge and full bridge modes.  Fig.1a shows that the block diagram of hybrid systems converter design for voltage boosts with PV and FUEL CELL with the proposed system methodologies using MPPT technique and high working efficient converter design topologies being involved in order to increase the input voltage and make it sufficient for loads to compensate high demands in the near future. Similarly Fig.1b shows that the block diagram of hybrid systems converter design for voltage boosts with PV and battery with the proposed system methodologies using MPPT technique and high working efficient converter design topologies being involved using a battery backup with more numbers of inputs from renewable energy sources. The main contribution of the work is as follows: x The Hybrid energy system is combinations of the fuel cell and a series of a photovoltaic cell to produce a constant output out of the converter.
x The Design of the DC-DC boost converter with a minimum number of switches and different modes of operations using bridge controls.
x By improvising the DC output leads to increase the efficiency of power outcome and to improve the power density.
x It can apply to both the AC and DC loads. The output voltage is connected to the DC microgrid where DC loads can be supplied and for AC loads, we need a separate DC-AC inverter.

Working of the proposed converter systems
The sum of generated power from a PV cell is equal to the sum of the loads, no storage or charging does not take place in the fuel cell. But when the demand exceeds the generating power in the PV cells then fuel cell supply the energy stored to the grid or load that's the process of the discharging the fuel cell [8]. Similarly, when the voltage generated from the PV panel is high and the load demand is less than the fuel cell iscontrolled to do the charging of ions i.e. the reverse electrolysis to get back hydrogen for the storage [3]. The Fig.2 shows the circuit diagram of the proposed system that cleanly explains about the working of the converter with the help of the table shown below i.e. Table.1

Sunlight based cell (Solar cell)
A sunlight based cell is an electronic gadget that converts the energy of sunshine directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect which changes over light radiation into power [6]. Light vitality that falls on the sunlight based cell produces both current and voltage. This procedure requires light which raises an electron to a higher vitality state, and afterward development of the electron from the sun oriented cell into an outer circuit [2].  Fig.3: Solar cell The electron at that spot scatters its energy in the outer circuit and move towards the sun powered cell. All photovoltaic cell make use of semiconductor materials as a PN intersection diode [5].

Fuel cell
The fuel cell is a production of electrical energy from the chemical reaction, i.e. oxidation and reduction process with the hydrogen as its sources [6]. The fuel cell technology is major sources in the electrical vehicles [4].

Battery
A battery is a device consisting of electrochemical cells with external connections [1] for powering electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, and electric cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode [2]. It is also a storage device.

PIC Micro Controller
PIC Micro Controller is used to produce pulses employed PWM technique for production of MOSFETS devices to activate and organize. PWM technique is used for dropping the harmonic in the circuit. This project proposal uses PIC16F877a Microcontroller

MPPT algorithm
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a calculation executed in PV inverters to continually modify the sunlight based PV system operating at the peak power point of the PV board under fluctuating conditions, such irradiance, temperature and load [9]. This MPPT uses Perturbation and observation (P&O) calculation is to find the working voltage to guarantee most extreme power.   The fig.12 describes the hardware of the three port converter design for the combinations of PV cell and battery setup consists of two inputs ports one for the PV cell and other port for battery, one output port for load connections. This hardware proves the proposed system is successful done its boosting of voltage level to increase the high power density. In case 1: The input voltage is raised from the 8.75V to approximately 400V as output voltage using this boosting of the voltage 45 times more by using fuel cell. In case 2: The input voltage is raised from the 8.75V to approximately 100V as the output voltage by boosting the voltage 12 times using battery. The effective increase in the generation of power to meet up with the power demand by boosting output power is done by the proposed system.

Applications
• Islanded framework (remote zones) • Hybrid vehicle (fuel less) • Industrial force saver • Distributed force age x The Fuel cell is broadly used in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) as the chief energy storage division and Ultra wide voltage range operation.

Conclusion
The Renewable hybrid generation system has brought the effective output power by a combination of photovoltaic (PV)/Fuel cell energy system with the support of the configuration of the three-port converter dependent on five switches connect DC-DC boost converter. The proposed converter could operate in four different modes with scaled voltage gain. The proposed systems produce a high amount of yield voltage by utilizing the strategies of the converter design. The proposed converter is also suitable for other wide input/output voltage range applications. These are proved with the simulation results in MATLAB software.

Future Scope
In this project work a new and fast response boost converter topologies to generate high voltage gain from photovoltaic system integrate with battery and fuel cell have been proposed.
Coordinated hybrid converter (DC-DC-AC) can be developed & tested. Hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking methods can be used to track the optimum point during varying environmental conditions. Coordinate controller may be developed to operate the overall PV integrated grid system.