Strategic development and increasing the efficiency of construction expertise institution in Russia

Design documentation assessment of compliance to technical regulations and building codes requirements in the Russian Federation is carried out through the institution of construction expertise. Elaboration and expert examinations of design documents and the results of engineering surveys are some of the most important stages in the implementation of investment and construction projects, as they allow reducing technical, legal and financial risks of the construction manager. This activity is important for all participants in investment and construction activities, which makes it necessary to study the construction expertise institution in order to determine its main development directions. The article presents the internal and external environment analysis results of construction expertise institution in the Russian Federation. Strategic tools made it possible to identify strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities, to determine the main strategic development directions for the institution of construction expertise in the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Draft Strategy for construction industry development in the Russian Federation until 2030. The strategic directions for the development of the construction expertise institution provided by the roadmap included improvement of regulations in organization and production of construction expertise, digital environment development of the construction expertise institution, transition to construction engineering, improvement of educational activities and training for institutions carrying out expert activities, knowledge building. To assess the implementation of strategic directions we identified expected target indicators for three main development scenarios of the construction expertise institution in the Russian Federation.


Introduction
Activities in the field of organizing and carrying out expert examinations of design documentations in construction are some of the main activities in the framework of investment and construction projects, which indicates the need for transformation and development of the construction expertise institution.
The purpose of the study is to identify problems and main strategic directions for construction expertise institution development.
The object of the study is construction expertise institution. The subject of the study is strategic management of construction expertise institution development. The object and the subject of the study determined the list of tasks, namely: • to evaluate the construction expertise institution by analyzing its internal and external environment; • to determine strategic directions and to develop a roadmap for construction expertise institution development; • to form the target indicators for construction expertise institution development.

Literary review and development of the hypothesis
At the present stage, in the expert community, the directions of construction expertise institution development have been little studied, since the development of the research object is directly related to the legislative and regulatory framework.
Nevertheless, at each stage of development, scientists and practitioners have been studying this issue within the framework of general principles, features, examination experience of design work studies: E P Shatalova, A P Krasovsky, V L Asanov, Z A Akhmedova, A Yu Butyrin, I M Lebedev, A V Sokolov, E B Stativa, etc.
Certain scientific works have a technical focus with the identification of dependencies between the examination of design documentation and directly finished object of capital construction (V A Akristiniy and D A Zharkov [1]). The implemented methods analysis of design documentation construction and technical expertise is presented in the works of scientists A Yu Bocharov, O A Mamaeva, and M V Serdyuk [2]. The transition to digital technologies, their advantages, features and difficulties are presented in the works of such authors as E A Antonovskaya and V O Petrov [3], V V Erkenova [4].
The analysis of the implemented methods for design documentation examination and (or) the results of engineering surveys are devoted to the works of V A Acristiniy, D A Zharkov [1], D V Topchy [5], Yu S Yurgaitis [6], A D Popova [5] and others.
It should be noted that most of the studies consider highly specialized issues of design documentation expert examination, for example, in the work of I Zaychenko, A Borremans and S Gutman [7], the main emphasis is on the importance of design documentation and its expertise in high-rise construction, in the work of A V Mironov [8] examination of design documentation was considered for special-purpose facilities.
Foreign experience in the design documentation examination is presented in the works of E A Stupnikova, E P Shatalova [9].
Thus, we can conclude that the construction expertise institution has not been sufficiently studied due to its specifics (dependence on the object type), strong dependence on legislative and regulatory changes, as well as on the economic situation in the country.
Developed in accordance with the Order of the Russian Federation Government dated August 16, 2018 No 1697-r, the draft Strategy for the Construction Industry Development in the Russian Federation until 2030 [10] makes it possible to determine the benchmarks within the framework of the research in terms of formation, definition and substantiation of the main development directions of the construction expertise institution. At the same time, the draft strategy does not indicate specific measures for the development of the construction expertise institution, which determines the relevance of the study.

Data and research methods
For assessment and strategic planning of construction expertise institution development, taking into account external and internal factors, the authors used the methods of PEST and SWOT analysis, as well as road mapping technology.
The external factors that have the greatest impact on the construction expertise institution development (table 1) include the following: • the activities of federal and regional authorities that carry out legislative regulation of expert activities; • intensive development of digitalization in the construction and urban planning industry; • development of requirements for professional activities in construction.   Thus, the main strategic directions for the development of construction expertise institution, determined on the basis of PEST and SWOT analysis, indicate the need for a qualitative transformation of expert activity.

Findings and analysis
The strategic directions for development of construction expertise institution can be presented in the form of a roadmap (table 3). Table 3. Roadmap for development of construction expertise institution (fragment)

Strategic directions
Complex of measures I Improvement of legal regulation of construction expertise organization and performance 1. Development of a modern model of construction expertise organization and performance in the Russian Federation 2. Legal base formation for creation and maintenance an information model of a capital construction object at all stages of its life cycle 3. Legal base formation for development of existing and creation of new state information systems that provide support for business processes, government functions and services in the framework of expert activities using information modelling technologies 4. Legal base formation for conversion of the requirements contained in technical standard documents, individual documents as part of initial permit documentation, design assignments into a digital machine-readable format, establishing a procedure for maintaining a register of digital technical standard documents in construction II Digital environment development of construction expertise institution 5. Development of the subsystem of the State Information System of the Unified state register of expert opinions on design documentation for capital construction projects, which provides "reception, storage and access to information models of capital construction objects that have received a positive conclusion" [10] 6. Introduction to continuous operation of this subsystem 7. Implementation of standard models of "life cycle management systems for capital construction objects" [10] using information technology 8. Creation and development of digital assistant expert III Transition to construction engineering 9. Implementation of comprehensive expert support 10. Creation of an effective cost management system for a capital construction object To control the implementation of strategic development ways of construction expertise institution, we will formulate expected target indicators (table 4) for three main development scenarios: inertial (scenario of severe resource constraints); basic (scenario of moderate resource constraints) and optimistic (scenario of soft resource constraints).

Conclusion
Strategic planning methods were used as a practical tool for working out and formulating of strategic directions for construction expertise institution development.
The study showed that it is rational to ascribe to the main strategic directions of construction expertise institution development digital environment creation for the construction expertise institution; construction engineering system development throughout the life cycle of objects; creation of an effective cost management system for a capital construction object within the framework of construction expertise institution; development of the experts' competencies on the basis of professional education, continuous professional and advanced training of personnel; knowledge bases formation.
The measures developed within the roadmap are aimed at management system formation for expert activities in construction, based on a qualitatively and technologically new level of interaction between participants in investment and construction activities, which provides the transition from document